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This document discusses a study on the influence of parent rock factors and mechanical stabilization on the geotechnical properties of residual lateritic soils in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study aimed to examine how parent rock characteristics and compaction levels affect the index properties, shear strength, and variations with soil profile depth of the studied soils. The methodology involved geological mapping, petrographic analysis of parent rock thin sections, and geotechnical testing of soil samples from locations underlain by different parent rocks.
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Hand scaling and mechanical scaling are commonly used stabilization methods to remove loose rock from slopes. Scaling is effective for 2-10 years as a temporary measure. Trim blasting can also be used to remove larger sections of rock too big for scaling. Reinforcement systems work to strengthen slopes internally by increasing resistance along fractures, while external systems protect from erosion. The most effective stabilization strategies alter slope geometry or add reinforcement or drainage systems.
Rock slope stability analysis lec 1
This document discusses rock slope stability analysis and engineering. It describes a rock slope in Hong Kong supported with tensioned rock anchors and shotcrete. The principles of rock slope design concern the orientation and characteristics of discontinuities like joints and faults. Slope stability analysis requires determining the friction angle and cohesion of potential sliding surfaces. Shear strength testing is used to define the cohesion and friction angle parameters in the Coulomb failure criterion for analyzing rock slope stability.
Chapter 5 Slope-Intercept Form
This document provides a lesson on writing and graphing linear equations in slope-intercept form. It begins with examples of finding the slope and y-intercept of lines and writing the equation in the form y = mx + b. Then it shows how to graph lines from their equations in slope-intercept form. Applications include writing cost functions and finding values. A quiz reviews writing equations from slopes and points and graphing lines from their equations.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: ROCKS AND WEATHERING - 3.3 SLOPE PROCESSES
A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 3.3 Slope Processes, from the third chapter of Physical Geography, AS Cambridge, Rocks and Weathering.
Slope stability
There are several types of slope failures that can occur in open pit mines. Plane failures occur along a planar discontinuity when the dip of the discontinuity is less than the slope angle. Wedge failures result from the intersection of two discontinuity sets dipping out of the slope. Circular failures have a curved failure surface and generally occur in weak soils or rocks. Toppling failures involve the overturning of rock columns formed by steeply dipping discontinuities. Slope stability is influenced by factors that increase shear stress, like excavation, or decrease shear strength, such as weathering. Accurately predicting slope failures is important for safety in open pit mining.
Slope stabilty
The document is a student paper on slope stability analysis. It was prepared by Riyaz Ahmad Bhat, a civil engineering student at the Department of civil engineering and technology. The paper discusses slope stability analysis, including the objectives of analysis, conventional methods like limit equilibrium, and numerical methods. It also describes visiting mountain slopes in Kashmir to study the effects of tectonic activity and an earthquake in 2005. The conclusion is that the paper helps understand basic concepts and procedures of slope stability analysis.
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Assessment of the Engineering Properties and Suitability of Some Tropical Soi...
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Ijciet 10 02_081
Lateritic soil is one of the main soil types in the tropical countries like India for
basic construction works. Since lateritic soils are the main underlying soil structure
in coastal Karnataka, its detailed study of mineralogical properties is of utmost
importance. The study area chosen is Udupi district and samples were procured from
coastal plains and hinterland regions. The samples taken from each places (three
layers-top, middle and bottom at around 2.5-3 m depth) were collected in zip locked
polythene bags and were oven dried at 1050 Celsius for 24 hours and then passed
through 75 μm IS sieve size. For clear images of the soil structure and for
identification of elements, samples were coated with gold sputtering. These samples
were tested by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray
Spectroscopy (EDAX/EDS) and analyzed. SEM results show various minerals present
in the samples. EDAX results show the percentage of each element (like C, O, Si, K,
Cu, Ti, Mg etc) present in the sample. Therefore it can be concluded that laterites
change their composition from iron to aluminium resulting in bauxite ore as one
moves towards north in the coastal belt of Karnataka.
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This document provides information about a student project on the study of rock types completed by six students. It includes an introduction to the project, methodology used, and evaluation sheets with details of the students involved and their roles. The project aimed to increase knowledge of rock types and was conducted over a period of weeks involving research, report writing, and presentation.
rock presentation - Copy.pptx
1. The document summarizes the characterization of rock for underground storage, which involves desk studies, site investigations, and laboratory and field tests to determine properties of intact rock and rock mass.
2. Site investigations include data collection from outcrops, drill cores, and seismic methods to characterize subsurface geology and structures. Laboratory tests are conducted to obtain physical and mechanical properties of intact rock samples.
3. Field tests like hydraulic fracturing are used to determine in-situ stresses, and water pressure tests characterize groundwater and hydrogeological properties. Rock mass properties are evaluated using classification systems based on discontinuity data and intact rock strengths.
2 article azojete vol 7 14 23
The document analyzes the geotechnical properties of soils from three locations along the Ogun River in Nigeria as potential materials for earth dam construction. Soil samples were collected and tested for properties like particle size distribution, liquid limit, plastic limit, optimum moisture content, permeability, and shear strength. The results found that the soils required improvement to be suitable for dam construction. Specifically, the soils had permeability that was too high and would allow excessive seepage. While meeting some criteria, no single soil possessed all ideal properties. Improvement methods could make the soils adequate, though further studies are needed to address property deficiencies.
Geotechnical Characterization on the Soyo Road Section using Electrical Resis...
The need for near-surface soils and rocks characterization at planned construction sites, using geophysical
techniques, has grown rapidly during the last few decades to map the variations in the soil stiffness and the
depth to bedrock. Although borehole data are important in geotechnical engineering, providing
information on stability and strength of soils and rocks, it is limited to a few points. To take borehole data
on the hole construction site becomes necessary increase the borehole density, which makes the project
very expensive. Geophysical techniques have the advantage in collecting information of large volume of
soils and rocks in its natural state. The Soyo Road was opened to traffic in 2017 but, due to the lack on
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technical information, essential for the completion of the targeted road section. Electrical resistivity data
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spread. Five seismic spreads were connected, generating a seismic line of 575-meters long. Measured
geophysical data were processed using EarthImager 2D, SeisImager/2D and SeisImager/SWpackages.
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the second associated with rock, composed by clay, all them saturated with marine saltwater. Seismic
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compacted soils. Multi-channel analysis of surface waves model shows an alternating sequence of
horizontal horizons in the investigated first ≈25-meter depth, composed by non-compacted soils and/or
unconsolidated rocks and compacted soils. Due to its shear velocity values the site is constituted by soft
and stiff soils, composed by homogeneous organic matter and elements of mineral origin, responsible for
the ruptures and landslides that occurred and for the sinking of the structures built on the site.
Engineering geophysical investigation around ungwan doka, shika area within t...
The document summarizes an engineering geophysical investigation conducted around Ungwan Doka, Shika area in northwestern Nigeria. Vertical electrical soundings using Schlumberger configuration were performed at 18 locations. The resistivity data revealed 2-4 subsurface layers: a topsoil layer, a weathered basement layer, a partly weathered/fractured basement layer, and a fresh basement layer. Resistivity values and layer thicknesses varied across layers and locations. The study characterized the subsurface and evaluated its competence, structural variations, groundwater potential, and safety of the hydrogeologic system to inform engineering design.
Effects of Soil and Air Drying Methods on Soil Plasticity of Different Cities...
Atterberg Limits were initially defined in 1911, by Albert Atterberg, a Swedish scientist. Their purposes are to classifying cohesive soils and determine engineering properties of soils. According to ASTM, all the soils tested by Atterberg limits should be oven dried, it is because drying the soils in different degree will alter their properties significantly. Some of the physical properties of soils will undergo changes that appear to be permanent. Therefore, the soil samples should be in natural or air-dried form. However, in reality, due to time constraint and other factors, many will run the tests by using soil samples that are prepared by oven drying method. They assumed that there is no difference between the results of two types of drying method. However, in reality, the properties of soil will be affected and thus give a misleading result. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of two drying methods, air-drying method and oven drying method, on the soil plasticity. Six soil samples from different cities were tested. These tests include sieve analysis, specific gravity test, hydrometer analysis, Plastic limit and liquid limit test. Conclusively, the oven drying method could not replace the air-drying method in soil preparation for both Atterberg limits tests.
Introduction of Engineering Geology
UNIT -1
INTRODUCTION, WHY GEOLOGY ???, GEOLOGY, Main and Allied Branch of Geology, Physical Geology, Mineralogy, Petrology, Structural Geology, Historical Geology, Palaeontology
Economic Geology, Engineering Geology, Mining Geology
Geo physics, Geo Hydrology, Geo Chemistry, Scope of Geology
Importance of Geology in Civil Engineering, General Geology
Geological Agents, Exogenous Geological Agents, Endogenous Geological Agents, Weathering of Rocks, Mechanical, Weathering, Chemical weathering, Biological Weathering, Earth Structure, Atmosphere, Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere, Earth Interior Structure, Lithosphere, Crust, Mantle
Core, Tectonic Plates, Types of Plate Boundaries, Plates collide = convergent boundary, Plates separate = divergent boundary
Plates slide past one another = transform boundary.
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This document investigates the engineering characteristics of volcanic rock aggregates from Rwanda. It summarizes previous studies that examined volcanic rocks from various locations for use in construction. Tests were conducted on 10 volcanic rock aggregate samples from northwestern Rwanda to determine their compressive strength and permeability. Compressive strength testing found that most samples exhibited very high strength over 224 MPa, qualifying them for structural use in buildings. Point load testing also assessed strength. Overall, the study found the volcanic rock aggregates from Rwanda showed engineering properties suitable for construction aggregate use.
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1) The document discusses the importance of geology in civil engineering projects. Geology provides information about site selection, construction materials, and foundation stability that is vital for planning, designing, and building structures.
2) Failures of civil engineering projects like dams can sometimes be attributed to geological factors that were not properly considered, such as weak foundations or faults. A thorough understanding of geology can help prevent these types of failures.
3) Key areas of geology discussed include petrology, structural geology, mineralogy, and their significance for civil engineering. Understanding the composition and properties of rocks, minerals, and geological structures aids in engineering design and construction.
INTRODUCTION TO GEOLOGY
This document provides an overview of the different branches of geology. It discusses the definition of geology as the study of the Earth, including its origin, structure, composition and history. Some of the key branches mentioned include physical geology, mineralogy, crystallography, petrology, structural geology, geophysics, stratigraphy, geochemistry, paleontology, historical geology, economic geology, mining geology, hydrogeology, geology of Pakistan, resources engineering, photo geology, remote sensing, engineering geology, and field geology. Each branch is studied to better understand different aspects of the Earth and its materials.
Effects of steel mill scale on the strength characteristics of expansive clay...
Steel mill scale was added to expansive black cotton clay soil at various percentages to evaluate its effect on soil strength properties. The following results were found:
1. Steel mill scale increased the maximum dry density of the soil by about 19% and reduced the optimum moisture content by about 28%.
2. The unsoaked CBR of the soil increased by about 16% with steel mill scale addition, while the soaked CBR decreased by about 75%. Swelling potential was reduced by about 60%.
3. The unconfined compressive strength increased by about 53% with 5% steel mill scale content but decreased with further additions, possibly due to poor adhesion between soil and steel particles.
In
Geotechnical Properties of Lateritic Soil Stabilized with Periwinkle Shell As...
Geotechnical Properties of Lateritic Soil Stabilized with Periwinkle Shell As...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This paper investigated the geotechnical properties of lateritic soil stabilized with periwinkle shell ash in road construction. The natural lateritic soil sample was gotten from Federal University of Technology, Akure and stabilized with 0, 2,4, 6, 8 and 10% of the periwinkle shell ash and were subjected to tests such as natural moisture content, specific gravity, atterberg's limit, compaction, california bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength. The result of the classification tests shows that the natural lateritic soil is poor for road construction. The engineering value of the soil sample was enhanced by the addition of periwinkle shell ash. The optimum percentage by weight of soil of periwinkle shell ash for improvement of the strength of the lateritic soil is 6%. The periwinkle shell ash enhanced the suitability of the soil sample for its use as subgrade and subbase.INFLUENCE OF SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION ON RESPONSE OF A MULTI-STORIED BUILDI...
This document discusses analyzing the influence of soil-structure interaction on the response of a multi-storied building to earthquake forces. It focuses on a 12-story building located in Amaravathi, India, which consists of different soil/rock profiles. Earthquake analysis is performed with the building resting on different soil types, and the fundamental time periods, base shears, and displacements are compared to a fixed base condition. The equivalent lateral force method and free vibration analysis are used to evaluate the structural response considering soil-structure interaction effects. Results are presented and conclusions are drawn regarding how soil properties influence seismic behavior.
Experimental Study on Variation of Compaction Characteristics of a Lime Stabi...
1) The document presents an experimental study on the effect of adding lime on the compaction characteristics of clayey soil collected from Solina, Srinagar, India.
2) Laboratory tests found the soil to be high plasticity silty clay/sandy silt, making it unsuitable for construction without treatment.
3) Lime was added to the soil in increments of 0-9% by dry weight. Testing showed that lime can improve the engineering properties of the soil, including increasing the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density from compaction.
Gh2511431153
The document summarizes the results of a geophysical investigation using vertical electrical soundings around Makiyaye village in Nigeria. 18 vertical electrical soundings were conducted and analyzed. The subsurface was found to consist of 4 main layers - a topsoil layer, a weathered basement layer, a partly weathered/fractured basement layer, and a fresh basement layer. Resistivity values and thicknesses of the layers varied across the study area. The geoelectric sections revealed dips and a synclinal structure in the subsurface. Based on the resistivity values, the subsurface material up to 20m depth was found to be competent with high load-bearing capacity, though some low resistivity zones indicated high clay content
Gh2511431153
The document summarizes the results of a geophysical investigation using vertical electrical soundings around Makiyaye village in Nigeria. 18 vertical electrical soundings were conducted and analyzed. The subsurface was found to consist of 4 main layers - a topsoil layer, a weathered basement layer, a partly weathered/fractured basement layer, and a fresh basement layer. Resistivity values and thicknesses of the layers varied across the study area. The geoelectric sections revealed dips and a synclinal structure in the subsurface. Based on the investigation, the subsurface material up to 20m depth was found to be competent for construction, while low resistivity zones indicated high clay content and saturation, requiring consideration in engineering
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The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE). Science, Technology and Medicine Journals Call for Academic Manuscripts
Engineering Geology I Report-MALEKHU
Geologists visited the Malekhu area to study geology. Over two days, they identified and studied various rock types including marble, granite, schist and quartzite. They also examined geological structures such as joints, folds, faults and thrusts. The geologists used compasses to measure the orientation of planar geological features. The field visit provided knowledge about rocks, structures, and field techniques that will help the geologists in their work.
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Moving to the realm of mobile devices, Das unravels the dominance of Android and iOS. Android's open-source ethos fosters a vibrant ecosystem of customization and innovation, while iOS boasts a seamless user experience and robust security infrastructure. Meanwhile, discontinued platforms like Symbian and Palm OS evoke nostalgia for their pioneering roles in the smartphone revolution.
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We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
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Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
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Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
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