A design of simple hardware circuit with different kind of fire sensors enables every user to use this
wireless fire security system. The challenges in designing the nodes with various types of fire sensors are
discussed and the methods to overcome design problems are also analyzed. The circuit is interfaced with
the different types of sensor to sense different fire sources such as gas leakage, smoke, and heat. The cost,
circuit components, design requirements, power requirements of sensor node are minimized. The methods
to improve the quality of system to detect fire are analyzed. The system is fully controlled by the PIC
microcontroller.
The most well known reasons for building fires were from warming, electrical appropriation, and lighting frameworks. Chimneys utilized during the special seasons and colder months can make risks also. An alarm framework incorporates numerous segments and highlights to help keep you secured. It spares lives by notice building inhabitants of crises so they can escape risk. In case of a fire, they give discovery and warning without you busy. They can likewise consequently dispatch the local group of fire fighters to your area. At the point when an alarm is actuated, it supports your security and wellbeing during a hazardous occasion. A fire location framework utilizes a smoke alarm to distinguish a fire before it really begins. The point of the framework planned is to caution the removed land owner with proficiency and rapidly by causing short message SMS by means of GSM network. Sreejith S P | Kuldeep Baban Vayadande "Advanced Fire Monitoring System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37978.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/37978/advanced-fire-monitoring-system/sreejith-s-p
IoT Based Automatic Gas, Smoke and Fire Alert Systemijtsrd
The goal of this system is to build an IoT based automatic gas, smoke and fire alert system via Node MCU. We use a Node MCU, sensors, a microcontroller system, and a few more electronic devices in the current endeavor. This endeavor has easy to use gas, smoke and fire detection. When people are outside of industries, residences, or marketplaces, they are not automatically informed about sudden events caused by fire, gas, or smoke. Not even fire departments receive the information instantly. People suffer greatly as a result, and most of the time, fire nearly destroys residences, companies, and marketplaces. However, our system may be able to help by automatically alerting concerned people to the presence of smoke, gas and fire. As a result, people will be able to arrive at the location swiftly and act promptly. For the system to obtain the data from the fire, gas and smoke sensors, a microcontroller needs to be installed to control every device involved in this work. Wi Fi shield functions a way to connect devices with the network. This system uses an Android app to retrieve the sensors data. This experiment analyses the rooms performance in various fire, gas, and smoke conditions as well as burning objects. The researchers found that when smoke concentrations rise above 100 parts per million, people may get fatal heart attacks, coughing fits, and stinging eyes. However, when the smoke content hits 40 parts per million, our system will automatically send out an alert message. With the help of our technology, we hope that individuals will be able to save their lives and property. Md. Abdur Rahim | Md. Sanjidur Rahman | Rafat Ara "IoT Based Automatic Gas, Smoke and Fire Alert System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63446.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/63446/iot-based-automatic-gas-smoke-and-fire-alert-system/md-abdur-rahim
The most well known reasons for building fires were from warming, electrical appropriation, and lighting frameworks. Chimneys utilized during the special seasons and colder months can make risks also. An alarm framework incorporates numerous segments and highlights to help keep you secured. It spares lives by notice building inhabitants of crises so they can escape risk. In case of a fire, they give discovery and warning without you busy. They can likewise consequently dispatch the local group of fire fighters to your area. At the point when an alarm is actuated, it supports your security and wellbeing during a hazardous occasion. A fire location framework utilizes a smoke alarm to distinguish a fire before it really begins. The point of the framework planned is to caution the removed land owner with proficiency and rapidly by causing short message SMS by means of GSM network. Sreejith S P | Kuldeep Baban Vayadande "Advanced Fire Monitoring System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37978.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/37978/advanced-fire-monitoring-system/sreejith-s-p
IoT Based Automatic Gas, Smoke and Fire Alert Systemijtsrd
The goal of this system is to build an IoT based automatic gas, smoke and fire alert system via Node MCU. We use a Node MCU, sensors, a microcontroller system, and a few more electronic devices in the current endeavor. This endeavor has easy to use gas, smoke and fire detection. When people are outside of industries, residences, or marketplaces, they are not automatically informed about sudden events caused by fire, gas, or smoke. Not even fire departments receive the information instantly. People suffer greatly as a result, and most of the time, fire nearly destroys residences, companies, and marketplaces. However, our system may be able to help by automatically alerting concerned people to the presence of smoke, gas and fire. As a result, people will be able to arrive at the location swiftly and act promptly. For the system to obtain the data from the fire, gas and smoke sensors, a microcontroller needs to be installed to control every device involved in this work. Wi Fi shield functions a way to connect devices with the network. This system uses an Android app to retrieve the sensors data. This experiment analyses the rooms performance in various fire, gas, and smoke conditions as well as burning objects. The researchers found that when smoke concentrations rise above 100 parts per million, people may get fatal heart attacks, coughing fits, and stinging eyes. However, when the smoke content hits 40 parts per million, our system will automatically send out an alert message. With the help of our technology, we hope that individuals will be able to save their lives and property. Md. Abdur Rahim | Md. Sanjidur Rahman | Rafat Ara "IoT Based Automatic Gas, Smoke and Fire Alert System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63446.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/63446/iot-based-automatic-gas-smoke-and-fire-alert-system/md-abdur-rahim
Intelligent fire detection and alert system using labVIEWIJECEIAES
Fire detection systems are designed to discover fires and allow the safe evacuation of occupants as well as protecting the safety of emergency response personnel. This paper describes the design and development of a fire detection and alert system. Temperature and flame sensors are used to indicate the occurrence of fire. This work consists of two parts, which are transmitter and receiver, both using ZigBee wireless technology. Arduino Uno is used as the microcontroller at the transmitter part to control the sensor nodes and give alert when over temperature and flame are detected. At the transmitter, the collected data from the sensors are transmitted by an XBee module operated as router node. At the receiver side, an XBee coordinator module which is attached to a computer using USB to serial communication captured the data for further processing. In addition, an interactive and user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) is developed. LabVIEW software is used to design the GUI which displays and analyze the possibility of fire happening. The system can display the fire location and provides early warning to allow occupants to escape the building safely.
Monitoring of Forest Fire Detection System using ZigBeeijtsrd
A large number of valuable forests are destroyed in every second caused by fire around the world. As a result of insufficient information of firefighting cannot be provided in time to the occurrence of fire places. Therefore, the lives of people, animals and valuable forest have been lost for wild fire. This proposed system is designed by using sensors nodes and empowering them to communicate with each other through wireless technologies. The system mainly consists of three parts detecting part, monitoring part and wireless sensor network part. The detecting part was devised using Simulated Sensor Program. Temperature sensor LM35 , humidity sensor DHT 11 and gas sensor MQ2 detect the occurrence of forest fire. The monitoring part is integrated with LCD display. The ZigBee protocol is utilized for the wireless sensor network communication. Sakawah Hlaing | Soe Nay Lynn Aung ""Monitoring of Forest Fire Detection System using ZigBee"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25139.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/25139/monitoring-of-forest-fire-detection-system-using-zigbee/sakawah-hlaing
Development in building fire detection and evacuation system-a comprehensive ...IJECEIAES
Fire is both beneficial to man and his environment as well as destructive and deadly among all the natural disasters. A fire Accident occurs very rarely, but once it crops up its consequences will be devastating. The early detection of fire will help to avoid further consequences and saves the life of people. During the fire accidents, it is also important to guide people within the building to exit safely. Because of this, the paper gives a review of literature related to recent advancements in building fire detection and emergency evacuation system. It is intended to provide details about fire simulation tools with features, suitable hardware, communication methods, and effective user interface.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An Internet – of – Things Enabled Smart Fire Fighting SystemBIJIAM Journal
Fire accident is a mishap that could be either man made or natural. Fire accident occurs frequently and can be controlled but may at time result in severe loss of life and property. Many a times fire fighters struggle to sort out the exact source of fire as it is continuously flammable and it spreads all over the area. On this concern, we have designed an Internet – of – Things (IoT) based device which sorts out the exact source of fire through a software and
hardware devices and also the complete detail of an area can be visualized by fire fighters which are preinstalled in the software itself. Because of our system’s intelligence in decision making during fire fighting, the proposed system is claimed as ‘Smart Fire Fighting System’. The implementation of the smart fire fighting system can make
the fire fighters to analyze the current situation immediately and make the decision quicker in an effective manner. Because of this system, fire losses in a building can be greatly reduced and many lives can be rescued immediately and moreover fire spread can also be restricted.
The multiple applications (Forest, Industrial, Home) sector being the backbone of the security system. Security systems which are being used now a day are not smart enough to provide real time notification after sensing the problem. This Project is very useful in industrial monitoring system, forest safety and controlling an application. The Processing Sensor analysis of PIR sensors, Fire, air, temp sensors based multiple sector Analysis industrial, human identification and Any Identification Indicate LCD Display and Web camera Based Any Problem Capture Stored Image Data base. In the present work a PIC Microcontroller based the remote irrigation system is developing for the multiple process. The microcontroller use to controlling and displaying the resultant sensor values LCD Display Identifying System.
Design of a prototype for sending fire notifications in homes using fuzzy log...IJECEIAES
This paper highlights the need to address fire monitoring in densely populated urban areas using innovative technology, in particular, the internet of things (IoT). The proposed methodology combines data collection through sensors with instant notifications via text messages and images through the user’s email. This strategy allows a fast and efficient response, with message delivery times varying from 1 to 4 seconds on Internet connections. It was observed that the time to send notifications on 3G networks is three times longer compared to Wi-Fi networks, and in some 3G tests, the connection was interrupted. Therefore, the use of Wi-Fi is recommended to avoid significant delays and possible bandwidth issues. The implementation of fuzzy logic in the ESP32 microcontroller facilitates the identification of critical parameters to classify notifications of possible fires and the sending of evidence through images via email. This approach successfully validated the results of the algorithm by providing end users with detailed emails containing information on temperature, humidity, gas presence and a corresponding image as evidence. Taken together, these findings support the effectiveness and potential of this innovative solution for fire monitoring and prevention in densely populated urban areas.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Lab Monitoring and Device Control Using Atmega 328 Based wireless Network Sensorpaperpublications3
Abstract: The main objective of this project is to design an embedded based control warning system. In this project Wireless Sensor Nodes(WSN)technology is used with the help of microcontroller The Zigbee module is used to transmit the data With the help of GSM technology the data is collected in the mobile phone Here we have three sections. In the Sensor section it has humidity and temperature to monitor the Lab parameters. It has Zigbee module which will transmit the data to the intermediate section. In the intermediate section we have a Zigbee module and a GSM modem. The Zigbee module will receive the data from the Sensor section and analyses it. If the value gets abnormal it will send the message to the supervisor’s mobile.
Keywords: lab monitoring, wireless communication, sensors, Real-time monitoring, security.
Title: Lab Monitoring and Device Control Using Atmega 328 Based wireless Network Sensor
Author: Mohammed Sameer Hussain, Mirza Mohammed Abed Ullah Baig, Adnan Adil, Syed Samdani, Surrender Reddy
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
DESIGN OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM: BEDSIDE PATIENT MONITORijesajournal
Embedded systems in the range of from a tiny microcontroller-based sensor device to mobile smart phones
have vast variety of applications. However, in the literature there is no up to date system-level design of
embedded hardware and software, instead academic publications are mainly focused on the improvement
of specific features of embedded software/hardware and the embedded system designs for specific
applications. Moreover, commercially available embedded systems are not disclosed for the view of
researchers in the literature. Therefore, in this paper we first present how to design a state of art embedded
system including emerged hardware and software technologies. Bedside Patient monitor devices used in
intensive cares units of hospitals are also classified as embedded systems and run sophisticated software
and algorithms for better diagnosis of diseases. We reveal the architecture of our, commercially available,
bedside patient monitor to provide a design example of embedded systemsrelating to emerged technologies.
DESIGN OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM: BEDSIDE PATIENT MONITORijesajournal
Embedded systems in the range of from a tiny microcontroller-based sensor device to mobile smart phones
have vast variety of applications. However, in the literature there is no up to date system-level design of
embedded hardware and software, instead academic publications are mainly focused on the improvement
of specific features of embedded software/hardware and the embedded system designs for specific
applications. Moreover, commercially available embedded systems are not disclosed for the view of
researchers in the literature. Therefore, in this paper we first present how to design a state of art embedded
system including emerged hardware and software technologies. Bedside Patient monitor devices used in
intensive cares units of hospitals are also classified as embedded systems and run sophisticated software
and algorithms for better diagnosis of diseases. We reveal the architecture of our, commercially available,
bedside patient monitor to provide a design example of embedded systemsrelating to emerged technologies.
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Monitoring of Forest Fire Detection System using ZigBeeijtsrd
A large number of valuable forests are destroyed in every second caused by fire around the world. As a result of insufficient information of firefighting cannot be provided in time to the occurrence of fire places. Therefore, the lives of people, animals and valuable forest have been lost for wild fire. This proposed system is designed by using sensors nodes and empowering them to communicate with each other through wireless technologies. The system mainly consists of three parts detecting part, monitoring part and wireless sensor network part. The detecting part was devised using Simulated Sensor Program. Temperature sensor LM35 , humidity sensor DHT 11 and gas sensor MQ2 detect the occurrence of forest fire. The monitoring part is integrated with LCD display. The ZigBee protocol is utilized for the wireless sensor network communication. Sakawah Hlaing | Soe Nay Lynn Aung ""Monitoring of Forest Fire Detection System using ZigBee"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25139.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/25139/monitoring-of-forest-fire-detection-system-using-zigbee/sakawah-hlaing
Development in building fire detection and evacuation system-a comprehensive ...IJECEIAES
Fire is both beneficial to man and his environment as well as destructive and deadly among all the natural disasters. A fire Accident occurs very rarely, but once it crops up its consequences will be devastating. The early detection of fire will help to avoid further consequences and saves the life of people. During the fire accidents, it is also important to guide people within the building to exit safely. Because of this, the paper gives a review of literature related to recent advancements in building fire detection and emergency evacuation system. It is intended to provide details about fire simulation tools with features, suitable hardware, communication methods, and effective user interface.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An Internet – of – Things Enabled Smart Fire Fighting SystemBIJIAM Journal
Fire accident is a mishap that could be either man made or natural. Fire accident occurs frequently and can be controlled but may at time result in severe loss of life and property. Many a times fire fighters struggle to sort out the exact source of fire as it is continuously flammable and it spreads all over the area. On this concern, we have designed an Internet – of – Things (IoT) based device which sorts out the exact source of fire through a software and
hardware devices and also the complete detail of an area can be visualized by fire fighters which are preinstalled in the software itself. Because of our system’s intelligence in decision making during fire fighting, the proposed system is claimed as ‘Smart Fire Fighting System’. The implementation of the smart fire fighting system can make
the fire fighters to analyze the current situation immediately and make the decision quicker in an effective manner. Because of this system, fire losses in a building can be greatly reduced and many lives can be rescued immediately and moreover fire spread can also be restricted.
The multiple applications (Forest, Industrial, Home) sector being the backbone of the security system. Security systems which are being used now a day are not smart enough to provide real time notification after sensing the problem. This Project is very useful in industrial monitoring system, forest safety and controlling an application. The Processing Sensor analysis of PIR sensors, Fire, air, temp sensors based multiple sector Analysis industrial, human identification and Any Identification Indicate LCD Display and Web camera Based Any Problem Capture Stored Image Data base. In the present work a PIC Microcontroller based the remote irrigation system is developing for the multiple process. The microcontroller use to controlling and displaying the resultant sensor values LCD Display Identifying System.
Design of a prototype for sending fire notifications in homes using fuzzy log...IJECEIAES
This paper highlights the need to address fire monitoring in densely populated urban areas using innovative technology, in particular, the internet of things (IoT). The proposed methodology combines data collection through sensors with instant notifications via text messages and images through the user’s email. This strategy allows a fast and efficient response, with message delivery times varying from 1 to 4 seconds on Internet connections. It was observed that the time to send notifications on 3G networks is three times longer compared to Wi-Fi networks, and in some 3G tests, the connection was interrupted. Therefore, the use of Wi-Fi is recommended to avoid significant delays and possible bandwidth issues. The implementation of fuzzy logic in the ESP32 microcontroller facilitates the identification of critical parameters to classify notifications of possible fires and the sending of evidence through images via email. This approach successfully validated the results of the algorithm by providing end users with detailed emails containing information on temperature, humidity, gas presence and a corresponding image as evidence. Taken together, these findings support the effectiveness and potential of this innovative solution for fire monitoring and prevention in densely populated urban areas.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Lab Monitoring and Device Control Using Atmega 328 Based wireless Network Sensorpaperpublications3
Abstract: The main objective of this project is to design an embedded based control warning system. In this project Wireless Sensor Nodes(WSN)technology is used with the help of microcontroller The Zigbee module is used to transmit the data With the help of GSM technology the data is collected in the mobile phone Here we have three sections. In the Sensor section it has humidity and temperature to monitor the Lab parameters. It has Zigbee module which will transmit the data to the intermediate section. In the intermediate section we have a Zigbee module and a GSM modem. The Zigbee module will receive the data from the Sensor section and analyses it. If the value gets abnormal it will send the message to the supervisor’s mobile.
Keywords: lab monitoring, wireless communication, sensors, Real-time monitoring, security.
Title: Lab Monitoring and Device Control Using Atmega 328 Based wireless Network Sensor
Author: Mohammed Sameer Hussain, Mirza Mohammed Abed Ullah Baig, Adnan Adil, Syed Samdani, Surrender Reddy
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
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Embedded systems in the range of from a tiny microcontroller-based sensor device to mobile smart phones
have vast variety of applications. However, in the literature there is no up to date system-level design of
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of specific features of embedded software/hardware and the embedded system designs for specific
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and algorithms for better diagnosis of diseases. We reveal the architecture of our, commercially available,
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Embedded systems in the range of from a tiny microcontroller-based sensor device to mobile smart phones
have vast variety of applications. However, in the literature there is no up to date system-level design of
embedded hardware and software, instead academic publications are mainly focused on the improvement
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researchers in the literature. Therefore, in this paper we first present how to design a state of art embedded
system including emerged hardware and software technologies. Bedside Patient monitor devices used in
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Paper Submission
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International Journal of Ambient Systems and Applications (IJASA)
International Journal of Grid Computing & Applications (IJGCA)
Important Dates
Submission Deadline : May 06, 2023
Authors Notification : May 25, 2023
Final Manuscript Due : June 08, 2023
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May 27 ~ 28, 2023, Vancouver, Canada
https://acsit2023.org/se/index
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Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of software engineering & applications. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following.
Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following
The Software Process
Software Engineering Practice
Web Engineering
Quality Management
Managing Software Projects
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering
Multimedia and Visual Software Engineering
Software Maintenance and Testing
Languages and Formal Methods
Web-based Education Systems and Learning Applications
Software Engineering Decision Making
Knowledge-based Systems and Formal Methods
Search Engines and Information Retrieval
Paper Submission
Authors are invited to submit papers through the conference Submission System by April 08, 2023. Submissions must be original and should not have been published previously or be under consideration for publication while being evaluated for this conference. The proceedings of the conference will be published by Computer Science Conference Proceedings (H index 35) in Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT) series (Confirmed).
Selected papers from SE 2023, after further revisions, will be published in the special issue of the following journals.
The International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications (IJSEA) -ERA indexed
International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA)
Important Dates
Submission Deadline : April 08, 2023
Authors Notification : April 29, 2023
Final Manuscript Due : May 06, 2023
11th International Conference on Software Engineering & Trends (SE 2023)ijesajournal
11th International Conference on Software Engineering & Trends (SE 2023) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Software Engineering. The goal of this conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern software engineering concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of software engineering & applications. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following.
PERFORMING AN EXPERIMENTAL PLATFORM TO OPTIMIZE DATA MULTIPLEXINGijesajournal
This article is based on preliminary work on the OSI model management layers to optimized industrial
wired data transfer on low data rate wireless technology. Our previous contribution deal with the
development of a demonstrator providing CAN bus transfer frames (1Mbps) on a low rate wireless channel
provided by Zigbee technology. In order to be compatible with all the other industrial protocols, we
describe in this paper our contribution to design an innovative Wireless Device (WD) and a software tool,
which will aim to determine the best architecture (hardware/software) and wireless technology to be used
taking in account of the wired protocol requirements. To validate the proper functioning of this WD, we
will develop an experimental platform to test different strategies provided by our software tool. We can
consequently prove which is the best configuration (hardware/software) compared to the others by the
inclusion (inputs) of the required parameters of the wired protocol (load, binary rate, acknowledge
timeout) and the analysis of the WD architecture characteristics proposed (outputs) as the delay introduced
by system, buffer size needed, CPU speed, power consumption, meeting the input requirement. It will be
important to know whether gain comes from a hardware strategy with hardware accelerator e.g or a
software strategy with a more perf
GENERIC SOPC PLATFORM FOR VIDEO INTERACTIVE SYSTEM WITH MPMC CONTROLLERijesajournal
Today, a significant number of embedded systems focus on multimedia applications with almost insatiable demand for low-cost, high performance, and low power hardware cosumption. In this paper, we present a re-configurable and generic hardware platform for image and video processing. The proposed platform uses the benefits offered by the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to attain this goal. In this context,
a prototype system is developed based on the Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA with the integration of embedded processors, embedded memory, DDR, interface technologies, Digital Clock Managers (DCM) and MPMC.
The MPMC is an essential component for design performance tuning and real time video processing. We demonstrate the importance role of this interface in multi video applications. In fact, to successful the
deployment of DRAM it is mandatory to use a flexible and scalable interface. Our system introduces diverse modules, such as cut video detection, video zoom-in and out. This provides the utility of using this architecture as a universal video processing platform according to different application requirements. This platform facilitates the development of video and image processing applications.
This paper presents an inverting buck-boost DCDC converter design. A negative supply voltage is needed
in a variety of applications, but only a few DCDC converters are available on the market. OLED, a new
display type especially suited for small digital camera or mobile phone displays. Design challenges that
came up when negative voltages have to be handled on chip will be discussed, such as
continuous/discontinuous mode transition problems, negative voltage feedback and negative over-voltage
protection. Both devices operate in a fixed frequency PWM mode or alternatively in PFM mode. The single
inductor topology is called inverting buck-boost converter or simply inverter. The proposed converter has
been implemented with a TSMC 0.13-um 2P4M CMOS process, and the chip area is 325 x 300 um2.
A Case Study: Task Scheduling Methodologies for High Speed Computing Systems ijesajournal
High Speed computing meets ever increasing real-time computational demands through the leveraging of
flexibility and parallelism. The flexibility is achieved when computing platform designed with
heterogeneous resources to support multifarious tasks of an application where as task scheduling brings
parallel processing. The efficient task scheduling is critical to obtain optimized performance in
heterogeneous computing Systems (HCS). In this paper, we brought a review of various application
scheduling models which provide parallelism for homogeneous and heterogeneous computing systems. In
this paper, we made a review of various scheduling methodologies targeted to high speed computing
systems and also prepared summary chart. The comparative study of scheduling methodologies for high
speed computing systems has been carried out based on the attributes of platform & application as well.
The attributes are execution time, nature of task, task handling capability, type of host & computing
platform. Finally a summary chart has been prepared and it demonstrates that the need of developing
scheduling methodologies for Heterogeneous Reconfigurable Computing Systems (HRCS) which is an
emerging high speed computing platform for real time applications.
A NOVEL METHODOLOGY FOR TASK DISTRIBUTION IN HETEROGENEOUS RECONFIGURABLE COM...ijesajournal
Modern embedded systems are being modeled as Heterogeneous Reconfigurable Computing Systems
(HRCS) where Reconfigurable Hardware i.e. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and soft core
processors acts as computing elements. So, an efficient task distribution methodology is essential for
obtaining high performance in modern embedded systems. In this paper, we present a novel methodology
for task distribution called Minimum Laxity First (MLF) algorithm that takes the advantage of runtime
reconfiguration of FPGA in order to effectively utilize the available resources. The MLF algorithm is a list
based dynamic scheduling algorithm that uses attributes of tasks as well computing resources as cost
function to distribute the tasks of an application to HRCS. In this paper, an on chip HRCS computing
platform is configured on Virtex 5 FPGA using Xilinx EDK. The real time applications JPEG, OFDM
transmitters are represented as task graph and then the task are distributed, statically as well dynamically,
to the platform HRCS in order to evaluate the performance of the designed task distribution model. Finally,
the performance of MLF algorithm is compared with existing static scheduling algorithms. The comparison
shows that the MLF algorithm outperforms in terms of efficient utilization of resources on chip and also
speedup an application execution.
Payment industry is largely aligned in their desire to create embedded payment systems ready for the
modern digital age. The trend to embed payments into a software platform is often regarded as first step
towards a broader trend of embedded finance based on digital representation of fiat currencies. Since it
became clear to our research team that there are no technologies and protocols that are protected against
attacks of quantum computing, and that enable automatic embedded payments, online or offline with no
fear of counterfeit, P2P or device-to-device to be made in real time without intermediaries, in any
denomination, even continuous payments per time or service, while preserving the privacy of all parties,
without enabling illicit activities, we decided to utilize the Generic Innovation Engine [1] that is based on
the Artificial Intelligence Assistance Innovation acceleration methodologies and tools in order to boost the
progress of innovation of the necessary solutions. These methodologies accelerate innovation across the
board. It proposes a framework for natural and artificial intelligence collaboration in pursuit of an
innovative (R&D) objective The outcome of deploying these Artificial Innovation Assistant (AIA)
methodologies was tens of patents that yield solutions, that a few of them are described in this paper. We
argue that a promising avenue for automated embedded payment systems to fulfil people’s desire for
privacy when conducting payments, and national security agencies demand for quantum-safe security,
could be based on DeFi and digital currencies platforms that does not suffer from flaws of DLT-based
solutions, while introducing real advantages, in all aspects, including being quantum-resilient, enabling
users to decide with whom, if at all, to share information, identity, transactions details, etc., all without
trade-offs, complying with AML measures, and accommodating the potential for high transaction volumes.
It is not legacy bank accounts, and it is not peer-dependent, nor a self-organizing network.
A NOVEL METHODOLOGY FOR TASK DISTRIBUTION IN HETEROGENEOUS RECONFIGURABLE COM...ijesajournal
Modern embedded systems are being modeled as Heterogeneous Reconfigurable Computing Systems
(HRCS) where Reconfigurable Hardware i.e. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and soft core
processors acts as computing elements. So, an efficient task distribution methodology is essential for
obtaining high performance in modern embedded systems. In this paper, we present a novel methodology
for task distribution called Minimum Laxity First (MLF) algorithm that takes the advantage of runtime
reconfiguration of FPGA in order to effectively utilize the available resources. The MLF algorithm is a list
based dynamic scheduling algorithm that uses attributes of tasks as well computing resources as cost
function to distribute the tasks of an application to HRCS. In this paper, an on chip HRCS computing
platform is configured on Virtex 5 FPGA using Xilinx EDK. The real time applications JPEG, OFDM
transmitters are represented as task graph and then the task are distributed, statically as well dynamically,
to the platform HRCS in order to evaluate the performance of the designed task distribution model. Finally,
the performance of MLF algorithm is compared with existing static scheduling algorithms. The comparison
shows that the MLF algorithm outperforms in terms of efficient utilization of resources on chip and also
speedup an application execution.
2 nd International Conference on Computing and Information Technology ijesajournal
2
nd International Conference on Computing and Information Technology Trends
(CCITT 2023) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and
results in theory, methodology and applications of Computing and Information Technology
Trends. The Conference looks for significant contributions to all major fields of the
Computer Science, Compute Engineering, Information Technology and Trends in theoretical
and practical aspects.
A NOVEL METHODOLOGY FOR TASK DISTRIBUTION IN HETEROGENEOUS RECONFIGURABLE COM...ijesajournal
Modern embedded systems are being modeled as Heterogeneous Reconfigurable Computing Systems
(HRCS) where Reconfigurable Hardware i.e. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and soft core
processors acts as computing elements. So, an efficient task distribution methodology is essential for
obtaining high performance in modern embedded systems. In this paper, we present a novel methodology
for task distribution called Minimum Laxity First (MLF) algorithm that takes the advantage of runtime
reconfiguration of FPGA in order to effectively utilize the available resources. The MLF algorithm is a list
based dynamic scheduling algorithm that uses attributes of tasks as well computing resources as cost
function to distribute the tasks of an application to HRCS. In this paper, an on chip HRCS computing
platform is configured on Virtex 5 FPGA using Xilinx EDK. The real time applications JPEG, OFDM
transmitters are represented as task graph and then the task are distributed, statically as well dynamically,
to the platform HRCS in order to evaluate the performance of the designed task distribution model. Finally,
the performance of MLF algorithm is compared with existing static scheduling algorithms. The comparison
shows that the MLF algorithm outperforms in terms of efficient utilization of resources on chip and also
speedup an application execution.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
DESIGN CHALLENGES IN WIRELESS FIRE SECURITY SENSOR NODES
1. International Journal of Embedded systems and Applications(IJESA) Vol.5, No.2, June 2015
DOI : 10.5121/ijesa.2015.5203 31
DESIGN CHALLENGES IN WIRELESS FIRE
SECURITY SENSOR NODES
S.R.Vijayalakshmi and S.Muruganand
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation, Bharathiar University,Coimbatore-46,
Tamilnadu, India.
Abstract
A design of simple hardware circuit with different kind of fire sensors enables every user to use this
wireless fire security system. The challenges in designing the nodes with various types of fire sensors are
discussed and the methods to overcome design problems are also analyzed. The circuit is interfaced with
the different types of sensor to sense different fire sources such as gas leakage, smoke, and heat. The cost,
circuit components, design requirements, power requirements of sensor node are minimized. The methods
to improve the quality of system to detect fire are analyzed. The system is fully controlled by the PIC
microcontroller. All the sensors and detectors are interconnected to PIC microcontroller by using various
types of interface circuits. The PIC microcontroller will continuously monitor all the sensors and if it senses
any security problem then the microcontroller will send the information to the PC central monitoring
station wirelessly for a short distance of 300m indoor/1500m outdoor using zigbee technology. The gas
sensor, light sensor, smoke detector sensor, IR sensor, temperature & humidity sensor, fire sensor are
interfaced with microcontroller to detect abnormal fire conditions in the environment in all possible ways.
Keywords
Security Systems - Smoke Sensor – wireless sensor nodes – wireless fire security sensor nodes.
1.INTRODUCTION
Fire security at industry or at home is the most important one. For everyone either in an individual
house or an apartment or industry or any place, security is required and they must ensure that their
industry/home is installed with the perfect and complete fire security monitoring system to protect
their own life and property. This system can be used to provide fire security for all types of
commercial, residential, domestic and industrial purposes using zigbee technique wirelessly. This
paper discusses the aim to overcome the design challenges made by interfacing many sensor
devices with PIC microcontroller to detect fire as it is most important in fire security. This
proposed system is cheaper, consume less power and can be maintained easily by the user. For
different type of fire sources such as smoke, electrical, gas leakage and heat can be detected by
this single fire security system.
This device operates in two different modes. They are manual-mode and auto-mode. In case of
manual mode, the user is inside the security area and for auto-mode the user is outside the
wireless security area. The sensor node is initialized with auto-mode operation.
When the manual-mode is selected by the user the following events will be executed by the
system.
2. International Journal of Embedded systems and Applications(IJESA) Vol.5, No.2, June 2015
32
a) The entire sensors will be activated to sense.
b) Wireless interface module and all other units of PIC µC will be in sleep mode to save
power.
c) The buzzer and actuators connected with the microcontroller will be activated for fire
protection activities.
d) The reason for the insecurity will be displayed in the LCD connected to the
microcontroller.
When the auto-mode is selected by the user the following events will be executed in sequence by
the system.
a) Wireless interface module is activated for transmission and reception of RF signal.
b) The entire sensor will be activated to detect abnormal conditions in the environment.
c) The security area number along with its location which is pre-programmed, with the fire
problem information will be sent to the PC central monitoring station wirelessly through
XBEEPRO transceiver to the short range of 300m indoor and 1500m outdoor.
d) The security area number, its location along with cause of fire information are sent to the
specified police station, fire station, security room and also to the user by the PC central
monitoring station at the time of accident sensed by the sensors through the Internet using
team viewer software.
This paper is organized as following chapters. The chapter 1 deals about the introduction. The
chapter 2 discusses about the background study. The chapter 3 deals about the design challenges
in interfacing various sensor to PIC microcontroller. The chapter 4 deals about experimental setup
of the system. The chapter5 discusses about how the circuit results are analyzed. Last chapter
deals about the conclusion.
2.BACKGROUND STUDY
The Sudipta Bhattacharjee [1] et al. analyzed about the wireless sensor network based fire
detection, alarming, monitoring and prevention system for Bord-and-Pillar coal mines. The Zujue
Chen [2] et al. discussed about the design of wireless sensor network node for carbon monoxide
monitoring. The Hakilo Sabit [3] et al. discussed about the wireless sensor network based wildfire
hazard prediction system modeling. The Andrey Somov [4] et al. analyzed about the deployment
and evaluation of a wireless sensor network for methane leak detection.
As per the statistics, in India, 5.9% [5] of total deaths during the year 2012 due to fires and related
causes. Every year about 25000 persons die due to natural and unnatural causes of fire. Probably
many of these deaths could have been prevented, if we had taken enough fire protection measures.
According to Fire Risk Survey (FRS) 2013, in India, fire accounted for 8.45% of the overall
ranking of risks. It also stated that the 5th highest risk [6] is fire in industry during the year 2013.
Cetin Elmas [7] et al. analyzed about the data fusion framework with novel hybrid algorithm for
multi-agent Decision Support System for forest fire. Yunus Emre Aslan [8] et al. discussed a
framework for use of wireless sensor networks in forest fire detection and monitoring. Laura Díaz
[9] dealt about the publishing sensor observations into geospatial information infrastructures for
use case in fire danger assessment.
Most of the works are concentrated in the forest fire detection algorithms and architecture. This
proposed work focuses on the different fire sources which causes fire accident in the
3. International Journal of Embedded systems and Applications(IJESA) Vol.5, No.2, June 2015
33
city/industry/home. The different fire sources are sensed by the sensors such as photo electric,
fire, smoke, light, Infrared, temperature and humidity.
Problem Analyze:From ancient days, fire represents threat to civil authorities. Fire threats are
recognized as not only to the well-being of individuals, but also more importantly to the welfare
and security of the community. In the days of wooden works, electrical items and high rise
buildings, any fire could ravage an entire building. So, it is in the interest of all concerned to
investigate fires, getting information about it and communicating it wirelessly to the short range.
The causes of fire are different for different cases. Fire accident may cause due to smoke, gas
leakage or electrical leakage.
The fire problem in India: Most of the State Fire Services do not have specialist fire fighting
communication facilities and lack of fire fighting equipments. In metropolitan cities, high-rise
buildings constitute major fire hazards. The buildings, therefore, can be death traps [6]. Urban fire
services suffer deficiencies of 72.75% in fire stations, and 22.43% [6] in fire fighting and rescue
vehicles. There is huge deficiency of fire fighting infrastructure in the towns having population
more than 1lakh. There is an urgent need for creation of adequate number of well equipped fire
stations in each State to extend fire cover to all areas within a reasonable time.
Problem statement: If the occupants of the place are alerted to fire quickly, the less risk of
death, injury and less damage to the property as per the fire statistics. Furthermore, the property
could be shifted to other places quickly, safely and immediately. But hard wired interconnection
is having disadvantage of cost expensive, long time consuming and disruptive. A hard wired
system is also very difficult and so expensive to reconfigure when circumstances change. If the
methods use at the design of the wireless system and the components employ revolve around a
compromise between effectiveness, compactness, low power requirements and cost.
Objectives: To develop the fire security system which is capable of checking and giving warning
information to owner/police/fire/emergency medical during initial stages of fire wirelessly to the
short range of 1500m indoor/300m outdoor and thereby giving considerable amount of time for
shifting to safe areas. The wireless home security fire sensor node which covers entire city (up to
maximum of 65536 nodes) communicates the information to the PC central monitoring section at
the distance of 1.5Km/300m.
Aim: The main aim of this project work is to develop a wireless fire security control system for
smoke, gas and fire detection. It uses wireless sensor networks (WSNs) concept to sense, process
and communicate the fire. This system can be used to detect the exact fire location by assigning
number and spreading direction. This also provides the fire prevention system to stop the spread
of fire to save the natural resources by activating actuators. The proposed system is capable of
detecting fire at its early stage and generating alarm and operating actuators in case of
emergencies. This information is communicated to PC central monitoring station wirelessly at the
distance of 1.5Km. The same information could be viewed / transmitted to the fire service station,
police station, owners and emergency medical care by the PC central monitoring station using the
team viewer software. This project work is to design an efficient and cheap security system,
which is accessible from any part of the world through the Internet.
4. International Journal of Embedded systems and Applications(IJESA) Vol.5, No.2, June 2015
34
3.Design Challenges In Interfacing Various Sensor To Pic
Microcontroller:
The challenges in designing the fire security sensor nodes are less cost, sensing different types of
fire causes, interfacing different types of sensors, compactness, minimizing circuit components
and less power requirements. This section discusses about the circuit which is interfaced with the
different types of sensor to sense different fire sources. Hence, the methods to improve the quality
of system by detecting fire are analyzed.
3.1 Gas And Smoke Sensor:
The MQ-2 sensor is used in this system to detect the gas leakage or smoke occurring in home/
industry. This sensor is used to detect gases like LPG/I-butane/propane/methane/
alcohol/hydrogen/ smoke. There are 7 different types of gas sensor are available based on
detecting different gases. They are also available with different calibrating concentration. Here,
this system is using an MQ-2 gas and smoke sensor which is capable to detect LPG and
combustible gas/smoke. These 7 different kinds of gas sensors are shown in table 1.The type of
sensor selected for the system is based on sensitivity of the sensor to detect gas based on the
industry requirements.
Table 1: Types of Gas & Smoke Sensor
Sensor type Detecting gas
MQ-2 LPG, I-butane, propane, methane ,alcohol, Hydrogen, smoke
MQ-3 Alcohol, Benzene, CH4, Hexane, LPG, CO
MQ-4 Natural Gas/Methane
MQ-5 Coal gas, methane, LPG, H2,CH4, CO, Alcohol
MQ-7 CO
MQ-8 COAL Gas
MQ-9 LPG, CO, CH4
+
Figure: 1 Parts Description of Gas & Smoke Sensor
The gas sensor consists of the heater, measuring electrode and tin dioxide sensitive layer. They
are made by plastic and a stainless steel net. The heater is a work sensitive component which
10k Ω
GND
+5v
Analog
input pin
GND
B
B
A
H
A
H
5. International Journal of Embedded systems and Applications(IJESA) Vol.5, No.2, June 2015
35
provides necessary work condition to detect gas. The figure 1 shows the parts description of gas
and smoke sensor. The selection of gas sensor are made by the system to meet the low power, low
cost, low interface circuits and type of gas to be detected.
The figure 2 shows that how the gas/smoke sensor MQ2 is interfaced with the PIC
microcontroller. The gas/smoke sensor (MQ-2) has 6 pins totally. The two pins are used for
providing heating current and 4 pins are used to catch the signal. The MQ-2 series IC is operated
with 5 Volts power supply. Whenever the gas/smoke leakage is detected by the sensor, current
passes through the heater coil to heat it. At particular temperature, the current passes through 1KΩ
variable resistor. Due to this effect, voltage across Base-Emitter of NPN transistor 2N2222 is
increased. At that time NPN transistor 2N2222 starts conducting. The resultant collector voltage
of NPN transistor goes to zero. PIC Microcontroller input port pin is connected to the collector of
NPN transistor 2N2222; hence microcontroller senses the gas leakage.
5V/AC
H
A/B A/B
Signal to µC
H
Gnd/0V
Figure: 2 Gas & Smoke Sensor to Microcontroller Interface Circuit
3.2 Humidity And Temperature Sensor Ic:
The humidity and temperature measurement are done by IC SHT75. IC SHT75 is selected
because of its features such as low power consumption, digital output, easy integration to circuits
and excellent long term stability. The sensor can be easily interfaced to an I2
C bus/serial bus of
PIC microcontroller without disturbing other devices connected to the I2
C bus of the PIC IC. The
figure 3 shows the operating conditions of the sensor IC SHT75 for different values of
temperature (C◦) versus relative humidity (%). The figure 4 shows the pin description of the
sensor IC SHT75 and interfacing circuit with the microcontroller.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
-50 0 50 100 150
maximum range
normal range
temperature(◦C)
Relative
humidity(%)
6. International Journal of Embedded systems and Applications(IJESA) Vol.5, No.2, June 2015
36
Figure:3 Operating values of the sensor for temperature(◦C) and relative humidity(%)
Figure: 4 SHT75 sensor pin descriptions and microcontroller interface circuit
3.3 Ir Smoke Sensor:
The smoke is detected by the optical smoke detector or photoelectric type device using a light
source. The Infra-Red LED is a light source in IR smoke sensor. It also consists of a lens that
shots a beam of light over a large area. If smoke is present in the environment, it enters into the
optical chamber of sensor. The smoke particles scatter the light. So that sensor senses the smoke
to indicate. In some case of IR smoke sensor, there are two optical detectors. They send the
straight line of infrared beam from a sender to a receiver. The output from the IR smoke sensor is
amplified to detect the smoke particles by the op-amp unit of PIC microcontroller. The figure 5
shows the working of IR sensor and interfacing circuit with the microcontroller. The smoke
sensor is also selected based on low power, less interface components and type of sensing
principle needed to detect smoke.
Figure 5: IR sensor working and microcontroller interface circuit
3.4 Fire Sensor:
The Fire sensor along with comparator is used to detect fire flames to the short range up to 1
meter. The +5V DC input voltage is needed to operate the unit. It sends the high voltage data to
any one of port pin of microcontroller, when it detects the fire. Figure 6 indicates interface of fire
sensor to PIC µC. It sends low voltage data to the input port pin of PIC microcontroller, if there is
no fire. This sensor is also used along with other sensor to ensure the fire accident situations.
+Vcc
Gnd
OA In-
To opamp
of µC
OA In+
2-Vdd
SHT
75
3-gnd
4.Data
1.SCK
To
IIC
of
µC
10k
7. International Journal of Embedded systems and Applications(IJESA) Vol.5, No.2, June 2015
37
Figure 6: Fire sensor and microcontroller interface circuit
3.5 Smoke Detector Sensor:
The RE46C190 has features of low power, low voltage photoelectric type smoke detector IC to
meet the design requirement of low power system. Hence this IC is selected to detect the smoke.
It is interfaced with PIC microcontroller with fewer components. 3V power supply is applied
between pin numbers 1 and 3. Pin 2 IRED provides a regulated and programmable pulsed current
for the infrared emitter diode. Pin number 6 and 7 are connected to anode and cathode of photo
diode respectively. The 8 and 9 output pins are connected to the microcontroller for alarm. Pin 11
of RE46C190 is used to charge the IR Led. Figure 7 indicates the smoke detector interface circuit
with µC.
Figure 7. Smoke detector interface with microcontroller
3.6 LIGHT SENSOR:
The OPT101 photodiode with on-chip trans-impedance amplifier is selected to use as light sensor.
The circuit is adjusted to give zero volts for no light and high voltage for a light. IC OPT101 is
operated with 5V DC power supply. Pin-5 of light sensor IC (Vout) is interfaced with the input
port pin of PIC microcontroller. This is used to detect whether the fire accident is happened
Smoke
chamber
RE46C190
1.gnd 16.
2 15. Vcc(5)
3.Vcc(3) 14.
4 13.
5 12.
6.IRP 11. IRCAP
7.IRN 10.
8.RLED 9. GLED
Monitor RLED
GLED to µC
Fire +Vcc
sensor
Data
Gnd
Micro
controller
Port
8. International Journal of Embedded systems and Applications(IJESA) Vol.5, No.2, June 2015
38
during day time or night time. This IC is also used to compare the sunshine with fire to avoid
mislead. The figure 8 shows the light sensor interfaced with PIC µC.
Figure 8. Light sensor OPT101 and interfacing with PIC µC
3.7 Tranceiver, Leds, Lcd, Switches And Buzzer Interface Circuit:
The buzzer is used to make warning sound against gas,fire and smoke detection during manual
mode selection. The output from the micro controller is 1.5V. The TPS61040IC high-frequency
boost converter is used to boost 1.8-V to 6-V for LCD bias and to activate the buzzer in this
system. UTXD0 and URXD0 of the PIC microcontroller are used to interface XBEE wireless
module. These XBee modules are selected because of low-power, low-cost to meet our design
requirements and application. These modules use the IEEE 802.15.4 networking protocol to meet
all type of networking. Due to these features, these modules are very much suitable for designing
fire security sensor nodes. The actuators are connected through relay circuit.
The LCD module is interfaced with PIC microcontroller for display of mode selection. The fire
information, temperature humidity values are also displayed in the LCD. JTAG is interfaced with
the microcontroller to program the PIC microcontroller. LEDs are connected with µC to indicate
the conditions. Switches are connected with µC to select the modes. The figure 9 shows the
XBEE pin description and microcontroller interface circuit.
Figure 9: Xbee pin description and microcontroller interface circuit
The selection of PIC Microcontroller is done to meet low power, low cost and the all peripheral
units to interface different types of sensors. MSP430 series is selected in this system. The PIC
microcontroller will consist of timer module, peripheral ports, EPROM of 4M, RAM of 4K, op-
amp module, IIC/serial module, UART module to meet minimum requirements for the system.
Microcontroller
UART module
UTXD0
URXD0
XBEE PRO
Transceiver
Rx
Tx
Vcc(3.3V)
Gnd
Light sensor
+Vcc
Pin 5
OPT101
GND
PIC µC
Input
port pin
9. International Journal of Embedded systems and Applications(IJESA) Vol.5, No.2, June 2015
39
4.Experimental Setup Of The System:
The system is fully controlled by the PIC microcontroller and the microcontrollers will
continuously monitor the sensors, detector and transceiver. The low power mode of PIC µC is
chosen to reduce power consumption. The sensors are active only whenever it senses the fire or
undesirable conditions. Immediately the sensed information is transmitted to the PC central
monitoring station through the transceiver XBEE of sensor node to the distance of 1500m
outdoor.
Figure 10. A simple method for interfacing sensors with microcontroller and transceiver
The figure 10 shows how different sensors are interfaced with microcontroller to sense the fire.
These sensor nodes have 3 main functional units. They are (i) The sensor and their interface (ii)
PIC microcontroller and (iii) The Communication Interface and actuators interface.
These wireless devices are offered to cover distance upto1.5km at line of sight/300m indoor. After
detecting smoke, gas or a high temperature (potential fire), the security sensor node sets off the
appropriate actions to prevent and inform. The security sensor node also transmits an RF signal to
the PC central monitoring station located at the distance of 1500 m (outdoor) / 300 m (indoor).
The PC monitoring station could able to monitor maximum of 65,536 sensor nodes that can cover
the entire building/city.
Working Principle: The signal sensed by fire sensor, light sensor, gas sensor, smoke detector,
temperature and humidity are sent to the microcontroller unit. In turn after processing data, PIC
µC activates the actuators such as alarm circuit, water sprinklers relay, ventilation relay during
10. International Journal of Embedded systems and Applications(IJESA) Vol.5, No.2, June 2015
40
abnormal condition and sends the information to the PC central monitoring station for display
located at the distance of 1.5Km (outdoor) / 300 m (indoor).
The temperature & humidity sensor unit is used as fire detection and control in this project and on
activation, a signal is sent to the monitoring station via the microcontroller. The alarm circuit is
also activated by comparing the temperatures. The light sensor is used to monitor day / night
environment and send the information to the monitoring station. The light sensor is used to detect
incident, whether it is night fire or day fire. The fire sensor also used to detect the fire accidents.
The PC central monitoring unit is entirely software based and forms the control and display unit
of the entire security system. All the detectors located entire building/city could be monitored
through the display unit of PC central monitoring station. This information and database is
available online and can be controlled from any internet-enabled computer. This information
could be viewed by the civil authorities through team viewer software on real time. At the PC
central monitoring station, a data base is maintained to store the locations of the security sensor
nodes (maximum of 65536 security sensor nodes to cover entire buildings) and store/update the
information collected by them.
Figure 11. Block diagram of wireless fire security node design
The data from the entire sensor nodes are passed to the PC central monitoring station. At the
sensor node the comparison algorithm is applied on the sensed temperature data of the observed
area for fire detection. The data is received by the sensor node at 1 second intervals from the
sensor. These data are compared with a specific threshold value using the algorithm. This process
is carried out for every temperature data sensed by SHT75 IC. This is given in the equation 1. The
timer module of PIC is used to generate 1s interval.
=
,| |Ɵ
,| |Ɵ
-----eq.(1)
In Equation (1) Alarm (t) represents the alarm state at t time. S (t) represents the temperature
value at t time, and S (t-1) represents the temperature value of 1 second ago at (t-1) time. If the
Antenna
Output devices/ Actuators
Audio Alarm (loud
speaker), LED,
Water Sprinklers relay,
Ventilation relay,
Back up relay,
Stepper motor for entrance
Power supply
Smoke
chambe
r with
sensor
Temperature
humidity Sensor,
IR sensor
RF Transceiver
(ZIGBEE)
Microcontrolle
r
Op Amp, ADC
Timer
IIC
CPU
SPI
System
controller
Ins
t.a
Fire sensor
Light sensor
11. International Journal of Embedded systems and Applications(IJESA) Vol.5, No.2, June 2015
41
difference between the temperatures values as per equation 1 exceeds the threshold value, the
alarm and warning message will be sent.
The actuator unit will be activated for one of the following situations.
(i) Fire sensor senses fire.
(ii) The smoke detector detects smoke.
(iii) IR detector detects any abnormal conditions in the environment.
(iv) Gas sensor senses the gas.
(v) Temperature and humidity sensor senses the temperature and humidity values
beyond the threshold.
Any one of these 5 conditions will indicate a fire at the observed area and system gets to the alarm
state. There is no need to determine a threshold value for the smoke detector that it anyway gives
alarm in case of smoke detection. The figure 11 gives the block diagram of wireless fire security
sensor node.
The two major modules of sensor nodes are (i) the hardware module and (ii) the software module.
The hardware module of security sensor node will be designed to interface all the ICs required.
The hardware module of monitoring section interface circuit will be designed to communicate
with the sensor node using XBeePro and Max IC.
The Software Module should possess the following capabilities:
• Ability to handle data collection from microcontroller based security system
• Information from the sensors in the hardware sub modules were encoded and transmitted (to
cover distance of 1.5Km/300m) wirelessly by the home security sensor node to the receiving
circuit interfaced with the computer.
• This information and database could be viewed by the civil authorities/ owner through team
viewer software on real time.
• At the PC, a data base is maintained to store the locations of the home/city security sensor
nodes (maximum of 65536 home security sensor nodes to cover entire building) and
store/update the information collected by them.
• Suitable algorithm to detect fire accidents.
5. Analyzing The Circuit Results:
The sensors are selected such that they could be directly interfaced with the modules available in
the microcontroller. So, the interfacing circuit components are very much reduced. Sensors are
also selected to give direct digital output, small size and less power requirements. Modules are
selected in low power mode and sleep mode whenever there is no emergency. During fire
detection the information is transmitted to monitoring station without delay wirelessly to the
distance of 1500m outdoor/ 300m indoor.
12. International Journal of Embedded systems and
Figure 7 a
Figure. 7 Screen outputs
Due to simple, easy design requirements the cost of the overall system is reduced.
requirements of the node are reduced by the careful design
to small size of the sensors, the entire node size is reduced much.
nodes located at a distance of 1.5km is indicated at the PC
in figure 7a. Green color indicat
value and relative humidity value are displayed at the PC
node as shown in figure 7 b and
Advantage of wireless home/city security sen
Wireless home/city security alarm s
leakage by monitoring the environmental changes and to provide an early warning of fire that will
notify people to evacuate and take immediate action to stop fire. This wireless
with other alarm devices and to cover distances of 1.5 km (LOS
Less power consumption:
In wireless sensor nodes power consumption is a
long time monitoring requirement
run for very long periods of time.
application. The sensor is pulsed periodically and sampled by the microcontroller.
sampling time and manual mode,
standby mode consumes less power.
100
150
International Journal of Embedded systems and Applications(IJESA) Vol.5, No.2, June
Figure 7 a figure 7 b
Figure 7 c
Figure. 7 Screen outputs a) node outputs at PC b) Temperature display
c) Relative humidity display
Due to simple, easy design requirements the cost of the overall system is reduced.
requirements of the node are reduced by the careful design of the hardware and software. Owing
the entire node size is reduced much. Fire or not sensed
nodes located at a distance of 1.5km is indicated at the PC central monitoring station is
indicates for no fire and red color indicates for fire. The temperature
value and relative humidity value are displayed at the PC monitoring station of selected sensor
in figure 7 b and 7c.
Advantage of wireless home/city security sensor node:
alarm system is designed to detect the presence of fire/
kage by monitoring the environmental changes and to provide an early warning of fire that will
notify people to evacuate and take immediate action to stop fire. This wireless system integrate
larm devices and to cover distances of 1.5 km (LOS outdoor)/300m (indoor).
In wireless sensor nodes power consumption is an important aspect. It should be reduced to meet
requirement. With the help of battery fire sensor nodes need to be able to
long periods of time. This makes the selection of low power microcontroller
application. The sensor is pulsed periodically and sampled by the microcontroller.
and manual mode, the units are shut down. When the PIC microcontrol
nsumes less power. The overall system is designed with low power consumption.
0
50
100
150
1:00
PM
2:00
PM
3:00
PM
4:00
PM
5:00
PM
humidity
temperature
Applications(IJESA) Vol.5, No.2, June 2015
42
Due to simple, easy design requirements the cost of the overall system is reduced. The power
of the hardware and software. Owing
sensed by the sensor
central monitoring station is as shown
The temperature
of selected sensor
ystem is designed to detect the presence of fire/smoke/gas
kage by monitoring the environmental changes and to provide an early warning of fire that will
ystem integrates
outdoor)/300m (indoor).
. It should be reduced to meet
. With the help of battery fire sensor nodes need to be able to
This makes the selection of low power microcontroller for the
application. The sensor is pulsed periodically and sampled by the microcontroller. Between
microcontroller is in a
The overall system is designed with low power consumption.
13. International Journal of Embedded systems and Applications(IJESA) Vol.5, No.2, June 2015
43
Conclusion:
It is a real-time monitor and remote controlled system. This system is developed with simple
hardware which simplifies the possibility of error free security system. This system can be easily
implemented with maximum reliability and high security. Low cost is a special enhancement from
the existing systems for fire security. This single node is sufficient to detect various types of fire
causes.
In future many other gas sensors can be interfaced with the fire node. In future, the algorithms are
also modified to find fire accident and to reduce power. In this fire security sensor node, the
challenges of interfacing all different type of sensors are analyzed and achieved. The node
consumes low power and battery operated. This system runs for long time. Different types of
sensors such as fire sensor, IR sensor, smoke sensor, light sensor, temperature-humidity sensor
and gas sensor are interfaced successfully with single PIC microcontroller. So that all different
fire sources which causes fire accidents could be detected easily by the node.
Acknowledgment:
This work is supported by the University Grants Commission, Government of India under grant
no. F.151/2014-15/PDFWM-2014-15-OB-TAM-24657.
REFERENCES:
[1] Sudipta Bhattacharjee et al., “Wireless sensor network-based fire detection, alarming, monitoring and
prevention system for Bord-and-Pillar coal mines”, The Journal of Systems and Software ,2012, vol.
85, pp. 571– 581.
[2] Zujue Chen et al. Design of wireless sensor network node for carbon monoxide Monitoring,
Telecommunication Systems, 2013, vol.53, pp.47–53.
[3] Hakilo Sabit et al.,Wireless Sensor Network Based Wildfire Hazard Prediction System Modeling,
Procedia Computer Science ,2011,vol.5,pp. 106–114.
[4] Andrey Somov et al., Deployment and evaluation of a wireless sensor network for methaneleak
detection, Sensors and Actuators, 2013 ,Vol.202 ,pp.217– 225.
[5] www.fsai.in http://www.ind-safety.com
[6] http://ndrfandcd.gov.in/Fire.aspx
[7] Cetin Elmas et al., A data fusion framework with novel hybrid algorithm for multi-agent Decision
Support System for Forest Fire, Expert Systems with Applications, vol.38,2011,pp.9225–9236.
[8] Yunus Emre Aslan et al., A framework for use of wireless sensor networks in forest fire detection and
monitoring, Computers Environment and Urban Systems, Vol.36, 2012, pp. 614–625.
[9] Laura Díaz et al., Publishing sensor observations into Geospatial Information Infrastructures: A use
case in fire danger assessment, Environmental Modelling Software, Vol.48, 2013, pp. 65-80.
Authors:
S.R.Vijayalakshmi is a Post Doctoral research Fellow in Department of Electronics and Instrumentation in
Bharathiar University. She received her B.Sc. M.Sc. M.Phil. and Ph.D in Electronics from the Bharathiar
University and also received M.Sc. in Computer Science from Bharathiar University and M.Phil. in
Computer Science from Avinashilingam University. She has experience in the teaching field and also in
14. International Journal of Embedded systems and Applications(IJESA) Vol.5, No.2, June 2015
44
research. Her research interests include digital image processing, embedded systems, real time systems,
wireless sensor networks and Microprocessors. She completed one DST-WOS-A project funded by
Government of India.
S.Muruganand is an Assistant Professor in Department of Electronics and Instrumentation in Bharathiar
University. He received his M.Sc. Physics from Madras University, M.Ed. from Annamalai University and
Ph.D from Bharathiar University. He has 25 years of experience in the teaching and research field. His
research interests include digital image processing, embedded systems, nano science, power electronics,
wireless sensor networks, thin films, biomedical and Microprocessors. He completed one UGC- Minor
project funded by Government of India. He is author of many papers in the referred journals.