This document provides an introduction to project management. It defines a project as a temporary endeavor with a unique set of activities aimed at creating a product or service. Projects are classified in various ways such as by type (defensive or aggressive), size (large, medium, small), and area (technical, organizational, economic, social). The key phases of a project lifecycle are initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and control, and termination. Important aspects of project management include scheduling, risk management, and using tools such as work breakdown structures, network diagrams, and Gantt charts. The overall goal of project management is to deliver projects on time, within budget, and according to specifications.

1. INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT
MANAGEMENT

2. CONTENTS
❑ Introduction to project
❑Classification
❑ Project management
❑ Project life cycle
❑ Project appraisal
❑ Project planning
❑ Project scheduling
❑ Project implementation

3. WHAT IS A PROJECT?
•“A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product
or service”
•Unique set of inter-related activities
•Common activities
•Consumes resources
•Specified durations

4. EXAMPLES
▪Construction of a Building /Dam
▪Setting up a factory
▪Conceive a new product
▪Development of a software
▪Erection of a power plant
▪Implementation of SAP

5. CLASSIFICATION OF PROJECT
•The projects are basically defined in two aspects or categories : one is
defensive project and other is aggressive project.
•Defensive Project: This type of the project initiated to stabilize and sustain
the current business situation.
•Aggressive Project: This type of the project initiated to enter into new
business in a commercial manner and majorly depends upon the future
prospective rather than the current scenario.

6. •There is other classification of projects as well which is based on the need of
execution and the time, these can be categorized as:
i. Normal Project: Where the time limits are set and adequate.
ii. Brash Project: Where additional cost are involved to gain time.
iii. Disaster Project: Anything is allowed to gain time.
•Projects can be further classified into various other
classifications:-
i. National and International Projects:
ii. Industrial and Non-industrial Projects:
iii. Projects based on its size:

7. •Project based on ownership: This can be further classified as:-
i. Public Sector Projects
ii. Private Sector Projects
iii. Joint Sector Projects
•Need based projects:
i. Balancing Project
ii. Modernization Project
iii. Expansion Project
iv. Diversification Project:
v. Rehabilitation Project:
vi. Plant Relocation Project

8. CLASSIFICATION OF PROJECTS BY TYPE AND AREA
8
Mixed
projects
Technical
projects Organizational
projects
Economical
projects
Social
projects
Types of
projects by
area
•Privatization of the
company;
•Introduction of
financial planning
and budgeting;
•Introduction of a
new taxation
system.
•Construction of a
building or
structure;
•Developing of a
new product line;
• Software
development.
• Reorganizing or
creating a new
company;
• Implementation of a
new system of
management;
• Execution of an
international
conference or
exhibition.
•Reform of welfare;
• Social protection of
vulnerable
population;
•Overcoming the
effects of natural
and social
disasters.
Restructuring plan of
the company,
including the
introduction of a
system of financial
planning and
budgeting,
development and
implementation of
special software

9. LARGE, MEDIUM AND SMALL PROJECTS
Large
Project
Medium
Project
Small
Project
Project
size
Project complexity
9
Phases Large Project Medium Project Small Project
Initiation Establish Terms of
Reference
Develop a Business Case Develop a Business
Case
Planning Create a Project Plan Create a Project Plan Create a Project Plan
Execution Build Deliverables Build Deliverables Build Deliverables
Closure Review Project
Completion
Review Project
Completion
Undertake
Post-Implementation
Review
How the Project category is determined and
what activities are done within each phases in
each categories?
• Project size
• Project complexity

10. CHARACTERISTICS OF A PROJECT
❖ Focus
❖ Uniqueness
❖ Common objectives
❖ Optimality
❖ Risk and uncertain
❖ Team work
❖ Life cycle
❖ Customer specific (customization)
❖ Life span
❖ Flexibility

11. PROJECT VS PRODUCTION
•Project is done only once, whereas production is done repetitively or
continuously.
•Example:-
• Setting up a factory produce component
• Construct a Dam store the water

12. IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT
•Project contributes and increases the economic growth and development of
the country.
•Project offers jobs, development and generation of income.
•Project design the road map for the future activities of the organization.
•Project builds trends for the future services.
•Project facilitates infrastructure and quality of life and hence increases the
social environment for good and brings out the necessary changes.

13. PROJECT MANAGEMENT
•Project management is the application of knowledge, skills,
tools and techniques to project activities in order to meet the
objective of the project.
•Main objective:- to minimize project completion time and its
cost.
•Project constraint : - Time, Cost and Quality

14. WHY PROJECT MANAGEMENT IS IMPORTANT
?
1. Strategic Alignment
Project management is important because it ensures what is
being delivered, is right, and will deliver real value against the
business opportunity.
2. Leadership
it brings leadership and direction to projects.
3. Clear Focus & Objectives

15. 4. Realistic Project Planning
it ensures proper expectations are set around what can be delivered, by when, and for
how much.
5. Quality Control
it ensures the quality of whatever is being delivered, consistently hits the mark.
6. Risk Management
•it ensures risks are properly managed and mitigated against to avoid
becoming issues.
7. Orderly Process
• it ensures the right people do the right things, at the right time – it ensures
proper project process is followed throughout the project lifecycle.

16. 8. Continuous Oversight
•Project management is important because it ensures a project’s progress
is tracked and reported properly.
9. Subject Matter Expertise
•Project management is important because someone needs to be able to
understand if everyone’s doing what they should.
10. Managing and Learning from Success and Failure
•Project management is important because it learns from the successes
and failures of the past.

17. PROJECT MANAGEMENT PHASES:-
1. Project Initiation
2. Project planning
3. Project Execution
4. Project Monitor and control
5. Project termination

18. PROJECT SCHEDULING
Scheduling
tools
Charts
1. Horizontal Bar chart
(Gantt Chart)
2. Milestone chart
3. Linked Bar chart
Network Diag.
1. CPM
2. PERT

19. MILESTONE CHART

20. LINKED BAR CHART

21. PROJECT MANAGEMENT BODY OF KNOWLEDGE
(PMBOK)
•Project scope Management
•Project time Management
•Project cost Management
•Project quality Management
•Project Risk Management
•Project procurement Management

22. PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS
1. Project selection Techniques
a. Cost benefit analysis
b. Risk and Sensitivity Analysis
2. Project planning techniques
a. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
b. Project Execution Plan(PEP)
c. Project Responsibility Matrix
d. Project management manual

23. 3. Project scheduling techniques
a. Bar Charts
b. Network Diagram
c. Line Of Balance (LOB)
d. Life Cycle Curves
4. Project monitoring and progress techniques
a. project progress measurement Techniques(PROMPT)
b. Performance monitoring techniques (PERMIT)
C. Updating, Reviewing And Reporting Techniques (URT)

24. LIFE CYCLE OF PROJECT
PROJECT
CYCLE
CONCEPTIO
N
PROJECT
PLANNING
PROJECT
SCHEDULIN
G
IMPLEMENTATIO
N
PROJECT
TERMINATI
ON

25. PROJECT LIFE CYCLE

26. WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS)
•The WBS is a hierarchial structure which is best presented by a
graphical subdivision of the scope of work in boxes.

27. WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS)

28. PROJECT IMPLIMENTATION
•THE implementation phase involves to putting the project plan into action.
Its here that the project manager will co ordinate and direct project resources
to meet the objectives of the project plan.
•The implementation phase is where project manager and project team
actually do the project work to produce the deliverables.

29. PROJECT COMPLETION
•Every project needs to end and that’s what project completion is
all about in the last phase of the project life cycle.
•The key activities in project completion is gathering project record
and disseminating information to formalize acceptance of the
product, service or project as well as to perform project closure.
•Contracts come to a close just as projects come to a close.
Contracts closer is concerned with completing and settling the
terms of the contracts.

30. PROJECT TERMINATION
1. Releasing project team
2. Final payments
3. Post project evaluation
4. Schedule and budget management
5. Procurement contracts
6. Customer satisfaction