This document provides guidance on an exercise to learn encapsulation and abstraction using C#. It instructs the reader to create a class called Employee with private member variables for ID and salary, and public properties to access these values. An event handler is created to instantiate an Employee object, set the property values, and display them, demonstrating encapsulation. The document further explains abstraction by describing how a class represents all behaviors and properties of an entity. It also discusses other access modifiers like protected.

1. 1
A Programme Under the compumitra Series
Programming Primer:
Encapsulation and Abstraction
LAB WORK GUIDE

2. 2
OUTLINE
 Encapsulation and Abstraction Using
C# in asp.net
Creating Example Event Handler.
Example Output an Explanation.
Home Exercise.
Summary Review.

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Encapsulation and Abstraction
Using C# in asp.net

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EncapsulationCS – Creating Button and Label Template
Button with 'Text' Property set
to 'Encapsulation'.
Two Labels to hold the place
for output display with 'text'
property set to NULL (blank).
• Follow Standard Website Creation Steps from C# and set your path
to C:Learner<student-id>ProgrammingPrimerEncapsulationCS
• Now Create the Execution Event Handler as a button and output
place holders as follows.

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EncapsulationCS –Copy and Paste Code
Go to 'Default.aspx.cs' and 'Paste' the Code in
'Button1_Click' handler.
Copy this Code
Employee emp = new Employee();
emp.EmployeeID = 100;
emp.Salary = 8500.30;
Label1.Text = "Employee ID = " + emp.EmployeeID.ToString();
Label2.Text = "Employee Salary = " + emp.Salary.ToString();
Employee emp = new Employee();
emp.EmployeeID = 100;
emp.Salary = 8500.30;
Label1.Text = "Employee ID = " + emp.EmployeeID.ToString() ;
Label2.Text = "Employee Salary = " + emp.Salary.ToString() ;

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EncapsulationCS –Copy Code
class Employee
{
private int _employeeID;
private double _salary;
public int EmployeeID //Properties
{
set
{ _employeeID = value; }
get
{ return _employeeID; }
}
public double Salary //Properties
{
set
{ _salary = value; }
get
{ return _salary; }
}
}
Copy this Code

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EncapsulationCS –Paste Code
Run Code By
pressing 'F5'
Paste code after the End
of '_Default' class
class Employee
{
private int _employeeID;
private double _salary;
public int EmployeeID //Properties
{
set
{ _employeeID = value; }
get
{ return _employeeID; }
}
public double Salary //Properties
{
set
{ _salary = value; }
get
{ return _salary; }
}
}
Label1.Text = emp.EmployeeID.ToString();
Label2.Text = emp.Salary.ToString();

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Employee emp = new Employee();
emp.EmployeeID = 100;
emp.Salary = 8500.30;
Label1.Text = emp.EmployeeID.ToString();
Label2.Text = emp.Salary.ToString();
EncapsulationCS –Output
Output after executing the
handler using the button.
This 'output' is generated, because we
are trying to fill values in public
properties that are accessible outside
class even though the values are
actually filled in private values such
as ' _salary ' '_employeeID'.
We are able to change this as
this is defined as 'public' in
original class.
Don't worry we shall soon learn 'private' declaration too.

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class Employee
{
private int _employeeID;
private double _salary;
public int EmployeeID //Properties
{
set
{ _employeeID = value; }
get
{ return _employeeID; }
}
public double Salary //Properties
{
set
{ _salary = value; }
get
{ return _salary; }
}
}
EncapsulationCS – Example Explanation
This has been defined as 'Private'. This
means that only code written inside
class Employee can modify it.
This is 'Public' as we would like to use a
way to change this property from an
object based on class Employee.
'Public' and 'Private' declarations are known
as access modifiers and they provide the
primary technique of ENCAPSULATION.
Are there other such modifiers? Surely Yes.

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class Employee
{
private int _employeeID;
private double _salary;
public int EmployeeID //Properties
{
set
{ _employeeID = value; }
get
{ return _employeeID; }
}
public double Salary //Properties
{
set
{ _salary = value; }
get
{ return _salary; }
}
}
EncapsulationCS – Example Explanation for ABSTRACTION
Lets Focus on this class 'Employee'.
Suppose I have to define an additional
property 'employ_name' then it is most
likely that I shall define it within this
class.
Means to external world 'Employee' is
an abstract representation of all
behaviours(methods) and
states(properties) of employee and it is
supposed to encapsulate everything
related to this class.
So! Encapsulation helps to attain
ABSTRACTION. Abstraction also
means that class is just a template or a
map. Actual embodiment or physical
usage is where we create an object
based on a class.

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emp._employeeID = 100;
emp._salary = 8500.30;
Label1.Text = "Employee ID = " + emp._employeeID.ToString();
Label2.Text = "Employee Salary = " + emp._employeeID.ToString();
emp._employeeID = 100;
emp._salary = 8500.30;
Label1.Text = "Employee ID = " + emp._employeeID.ToString();
Label2.Text = "Employee Salary = " +
emp._employeeID.ToString();
EncapsulationCS – Error Trial
Make necessary changes here and 'Run' code.
Here we shall try to use the same
code with a change to try using
'Private' variable _employeeID
and _salary.

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EncapsulationCS–Output after changing code
This program will generate a 'Compiler
Error Message: CS0122:
'Employee._employeeID' is not accessible as
it is 'Private'.
Here we see that variable '_employeeID' and '_salary' is actually hidden
behind the class ' Employee'. We can not initialize out side the class by using
object 'emp' of class 'Employee'.
This Error Output Actually proves that the concept of
'ENCAPSULATION' works. Code in Error but we are still very happy.

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EncapsulationCS : Home Exercise
 You are required to make a program where you can declare a
class 'Mobile'.
 Make a public method sendsms( ).
 Make a protected method typetext( ).
 Call typetext( ) within sendsms( ).
 Now write some eventhandler to show functionality if protected could
be called outside class or not.
 Now further create a class derived from class 'mobile' and name it as
'iphone'.
 Try to use the typetext( ) method now.
We have told you about 'Private' and 'Public' access modifiers. Another common
access modifier used is 'Protected'
A 'Protected' access modifier allows access within a derived (child) class, but not
outside class.
Are there other access modifiers. Try to search internet to find-out and understand.
Difficult?. 'Facing Difficulties is the prime goal of a programmer'. Play some music
and relax. Next is just a summary slide.

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EncapsulationCS : Learning Summary Review
 Concept of Encapsulation
 Encapsulation helps to provide controlled access to outside classes.
 Encapsulation also helps to bundle similar things together.
 Concept of Abstraction
 Encapsulation helps to attain Abstraction.
 Abstraction also relates to non-physical nature of classes.
 Trying to use a 'Private' data outside the class will give an
error. For this purpose 'Public' declaration should be done.
 A 'Protected' modifier is suitable for neat definition of access
restriction for access to derived classes only.
 Private properties or methods also serve an additional
purpose. If a property or method is private in a class means
the property or methods of same name can be freely
declared in another class.

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