The document provides an introduction to programming concepts, including definitions of programming languages, algorithms, and flowcharts. It explains the relationship between data structures and algorithms in programming, along with a discussion of high-level programming languages and their applications, particularly emphasizing Python. Additionally, it covers how programs are executed and the environments in which Python can be developed and run.

1. INTRODUCTION TO
PROGRAMMING
STRUCTURE

2. About Programming Concepts
What is Programming Language?
 A programming language is a computer
language programmers use to develop
software programs, scripts, or other sets
of instructions for computers to execute.

3. Program Structure
Algorithm
• Set of Instructions to write about the process of the program
Flow Chart
• Pictorial representation to describe the flow of the program
Programming Language
• Selection of program to develop the application
• Example : C, C++ , Java , Python

4. Algorithm
 An algorithm is a set of well-defined instructions in
sequence to solve a problem.
Rules for an writing an algorithm :
 Input and output should be defined precisely.
 An algorithm shouldn't include computer code.
Instead, the algorithm should be written in such a
way that it can be used in different programming
languages.

5. Example of Algorithm
 Write an algorithm to add two numbers entered by the
user.
 Step 1: Start
 Step 2: Declare variables num1, num2 and sum.
 Step 3: Read values num1 and num2.
 Step 4: Add num1 and num2 and assign the result to sum.
sum←num1+num2
 Step 5: Display sum
 Step 6: Stop

6. Flow Chart Understanding
 A flowchart is a graphical representations of
steps involved in the process of programs .
 Predefined Symbols used in Flowchart:

7. Example of Flowchart

8. Relation between Algorithm and
Program
Data Structure + Algorithm = Program
Data Structure = Time + space

9. Selection of Programming
Language
The programming Language selection depends on
the types of programming language and its
requirements :
1. High Level Programming Language : It is more
like human language and less like machine
language.
 Example :
BASIC, C, C++, COBOL, FORTRAN, Java, Pascal, P
erl, PHP, Python, Ruby, and Visual Basic.

10. What Type of Language the Python
is ??
 Object Oriented Programming
 Scripting Language
 Interpreted Language

11. Case - 1
 Company – XYZ - class
 Departments : HR , Marketing , accounts -
objects
 Role : HR – salary , recruitment
 Marketing : Promotion , advertising
 Accounts : administrative task of accounts
management

12. Case 2
 Shape – class
 Rectangle - object
 Square - object
 Triangle - object
 Data: side
 Function : area(), perimeter()

13. Cycle of OOPS
 Class –> Object –> Data –> Function
 Example: Automobile (class) : car ,
motorcycles , bus
 Data : wheels , engines , names
 Function : speed , velocity , distance

14. How Programs Run
 Programs run the source code into machine
code (.exe ) with the use of translation
software :
 Complier – high level language – machine
language
 Interpreter high level – machine level

15. Compiled languages (e.g. C, C++)

16. Interpreted programming
languages (e.g. Python, Perl)

17. And now for something different
... Java

18. Areas of Application where Python is
Used :
 Web Applications
 Desktop GUI Applications
 Software Development
 Data Analysis
 Business Applications
 Artificial Intelligence

19. Why Python for AI?
 Less Code
 Prebuilt Libraries
 Support
 Flexibility

20. Where to write and run the
program? Introduction about IDE
The ways with which we can run a Python
script.
 Interactive Mode of Python (IDLE)
 Python Shell
 IDE (PyCharm / Jupyter Notebook /
Spyder/IntelliJ )