The Institute of Town Planners, India, owes its origin to a small group of Town Planners of Delhi, who in 1947 decided to set up a professional Town Planning Institute on the lines similar to the Royal Town Planning Institute, London. The number of planners, which then did not exceed six, was too small for a registered society to be set up and therefore, the small group formed itself into an Indian Board of Town Planners and started working towards establishing a professional Institute.
Council of Architecture | Architecture Design Competition GuidelinesGOVIND GOPAL NAIR
One of the principals aims of the competition is to explore hidden talents among younger Architects. To many competitors, it often is the first step to a successful career.
Competition Guidelines as laid down by the Council of Architecture protect and safeguard the interests both of the promoter and the competitor.
While ensuring the promoter a design of high standard and adjudged as such by prominent Architects acting as Assessors, it also ensures that each competitor competes on like conditions and within the same limitations.
Both the promoter and the competitor are assured by these guidelines that the entries will be judged only by those who are qualified to interpret the competitors' presentations and to judge if the design selected meets with the promoter's requirements.
The guidelines therefore lay considerable emphasis on the mandatory requirement of Assessors and the qualifications.
The appointment of the Assessors should therefore be the immediate and first step the moment the promoter decides to go in for a competition. The President of the Council of Architecture, if so, requested by the promoter, may suggest a panel of names experienced in this type of project proposed, for appointment as Assessors. Their responsibilities commence with the approval of the brief of the competition project. The Assessor may even help to prepare the brief.
For practical reasons, this responsibility is often taken by the Senior Assessor who would then be available to advise the promoter on all matters connected with the competition from the promoter's decision to hold the competition till the final award.
Council of Architecture | Architecture Design Competition GuidelinesGOVIND GOPAL NAIR
One of the principals aims of the competition is to explore hidden talents among younger Architects. To many competitors, it often is the first step to a successful career.
Competition Guidelines as laid down by the Council of Architecture protect and safeguard the interests both of the promoter and the competitor.
While ensuring the promoter a design of high standard and adjudged as such by prominent Architects acting as Assessors, it also ensures that each competitor competes on like conditions and within the same limitations.
Both the promoter and the competitor are assured by these guidelines that the entries will be judged only by those who are qualified to interpret the competitors' presentations and to judge if the design selected meets with the promoter's requirements.
The guidelines therefore lay considerable emphasis on the mandatory requirement of Assessors and the qualifications.
The appointment of the Assessors should therefore be the immediate and first step the moment the promoter decides to go in for a competition. The President of the Council of Architecture, if so, requested by the promoter, may suggest a panel of names experienced in this type of project proposed, for appointment as Assessors. Their responsibilities commence with the approval of the brief of the competition project. The Assessor may even help to prepare the brief.
For practical reasons, this responsibility is often taken by the Senior Assessor who would then be available to advise the promoter on all matters connected with the competition from the promoter's decision to hold the competition till the final award.
Architects Professional Liability
Whether a small architecture enterprise or a multinational million dollar conglomerate, the work of architects and engineers is constantly under the spotlight. No matter how careful and exact an architect or engineer is, their work is constantly scrutinized by clients, leaving the chance of facing a lawsuit alleging negligence or failure to render professional services. Working in an industry that continues to feel the negative effects of the economy, architects and engineers cannot afford to take this risk - and that is where we can help.
Architect's Act 1972 of India, Registration of Architects, Practise of Architecture, Standards of Education & traning of an Architect, Council of Architecture
Designed as per the climatology of Bangalore.
Designed by renowned architect bv doshi.
Inspired by the architecture of Fatehpur Sikri of Akbar and beautiful gardens of Bangalore.
Architecture practice- arbitration and conciliationAditi Garg
MEANING OF ARBITRATION
DEFINED AS A METHOD OF RESOLVING DISPUTES
BETWEEN TWO PARTIES BY A THIRD PARTY
NEED FOR ARBITRATION
DISPUTES ARISING BETWEEN
OWNER & ARCHITECT
QUALITY OF SERVICE, LACK OF SUPERVISION, PAYMENT OF FEES ETC
OWNER & CONTRACTOR
PAYMENTS,EXTENSION OF TIME, RECTIFICATION OF DEFECTS
ADVANTAGES OF ARBITRATION
RESOLVING DISPUTES IN COURTS IS EXPENSIVE,
TIME CONSUMING AND STAINS RELATIONSHIP
ARBTRATION IS QUICKER LESS EXPENSIVE
AND RELATIONS REMAIN CORDIAL
Role of Project Architect in Arbitration
Project architect has a dual role
As per clause 55 of IIA, he acts as a “Quasi-Arbitrator” to give his decision on “excepted matters” between the client and the contractor where his decision is final and binding.
He is required to supply whatever information( copies of correspondence, drawings, site supervision memos etc.) the Arbitrators require in connection with any reference
The Arbitration & Conciliation Act 1996
Arbitration Act 1940 has become outdated.
General Assembly of the UNO recommends that UNCITRAL adopted in 1985 be the basis of new law to bring about uniformity of law of arbitral procedures and the specific needs of the international commercial arbitration practice
Though UNCITRAL deals with international disputes, with certain modification they could serve domestic arbitration and conciliation.
New act seeks to consolidate and amend the laws relating to domestic arbitration, international commercial arbitration, enforce foreign arbitral award and define laws relating to conciliation
Lessons for Architects from Arbitration cases
One of the main reasons why disputes arise between owners and contractor as far as construction projects are concerned is that quite a few architects do not perform their roles as Project Architect and Quasi-Arbitrators early on in the project.
Some of the steps that he can do to prevent such disputes are
Production drawings.- Complete and freeze design and drawings prior to tender.
Notification formalities- Issue all notifications on time
Certification of bill- Approve/certify all bills on time and ensure payments
Time as “Essence of Contract”.- Avoid Holds that can lead to extension of time.
Final Accord and satisfaction-Ensure full and final payment is done.
Minutes of site meetings- Weekly meeting and minutes recorded and approved by all
Consultant fees: Payment for sub consultants is one on time
Predesign Investigation: Owner required to furnish information about site
Accepting assignments: Proper documentation and fee structure as recommended by COA
Premature termination of Architects services: Owner right on full payment of fees upto that stage.
PARKING GUIDELINES (STANDARDS) IN GDCR
What is the meaning of Parking?
Parking Requirements for Different Building Users
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PARKING
professional practice and valuation topic of ppt:-valuationtirath prajapati
Valuation is the technique of estimation or determining the fair price or value of property such as building, a factory, other engineering structures of various types, land etc.
Architects Professional Liability
Whether a small architecture enterprise or a multinational million dollar conglomerate, the work of architects and engineers is constantly under the spotlight. No matter how careful and exact an architect or engineer is, their work is constantly scrutinized by clients, leaving the chance of facing a lawsuit alleging negligence or failure to render professional services. Working in an industry that continues to feel the negative effects of the economy, architects and engineers cannot afford to take this risk - and that is where we can help.
Architect's Act 1972 of India, Registration of Architects, Practise of Architecture, Standards of Education & traning of an Architect, Council of Architecture
Designed as per the climatology of Bangalore.
Designed by renowned architect bv doshi.
Inspired by the architecture of Fatehpur Sikri of Akbar and beautiful gardens of Bangalore.
Architecture practice- arbitration and conciliationAditi Garg
MEANING OF ARBITRATION
DEFINED AS A METHOD OF RESOLVING DISPUTES
BETWEEN TWO PARTIES BY A THIRD PARTY
NEED FOR ARBITRATION
DISPUTES ARISING BETWEEN
OWNER & ARCHITECT
QUALITY OF SERVICE, LACK OF SUPERVISION, PAYMENT OF FEES ETC
OWNER & CONTRACTOR
PAYMENTS,EXTENSION OF TIME, RECTIFICATION OF DEFECTS
ADVANTAGES OF ARBITRATION
RESOLVING DISPUTES IN COURTS IS EXPENSIVE,
TIME CONSUMING AND STAINS RELATIONSHIP
ARBTRATION IS QUICKER LESS EXPENSIVE
AND RELATIONS REMAIN CORDIAL
Role of Project Architect in Arbitration
Project architect has a dual role
As per clause 55 of IIA, he acts as a “Quasi-Arbitrator” to give his decision on “excepted matters” between the client and the contractor where his decision is final and binding.
He is required to supply whatever information( copies of correspondence, drawings, site supervision memos etc.) the Arbitrators require in connection with any reference
The Arbitration & Conciliation Act 1996
Arbitration Act 1940 has become outdated.
General Assembly of the UNO recommends that UNCITRAL adopted in 1985 be the basis of new law to bring about uniformity of law of arbitral procedures and the specific needs of the international commercial arbitration practice
Though UNCITRAL deals with international disputes, with certain modification they could serve domestic arbitration and conciliation.
New act seeks to consolidate and amend the laws relating to domestic arbitration, international commercial arbitration, enforce foreign arbitral award and define laws relating to conciliation
Lessons for Architects from Arbitration cases
One of the main reasons why disputes arise between owners and contractor as far as construction projects are concerned is that quite a few architects do not perform their roles as Project Architect and Quasi-Arbitrators early on in the project.
Some of the steps that he can do to prevent such disputes are
Production drawings.- Complete and freeze design and drawings prior to tender.
Notification formalities- Issue all notifications on time
Certification of bill- Approve/certify all bills on time and ensure payments
Time as “Essence of Contract”.- Avoid Holds that can lead to extension of time.
Final Accord and satisfaction-Ensure full and final payment is done.
Minutes of site meetings- Weekly meeting and minutes recorded and approved by all
Consultant fees: Payment for sub consultants is one on time
Predesign Investigation: Owner required to furnish information about site
Accepting assignments: Proper documentation and fee structure as recommended by COA
Premature termination of Architects services: Owner right on full payment of fees upto that stage.
PARKING GUIDELINES (STANDARDS) IN GDCR
What is the meaning of Parking?
Parking Requirements for Different Building Users
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PARKING
professional practice and valuation topic of ppt:-valuationtirath prajapati
Valuation is the technique of estimation or determining the fair price or value of property such as building, a factory, other engineering structures of various types, land etc.
Data as an Art Material. Case study: The Open Data InstituteOReillyStrata
The Open Data Institute (ODI) sees the creative use of data as an intrinsic and essential part of our cultural landscape. As part of it’s ongoing operations, the it has an Art Programme committed to facilitating artists in the exhibition and creation of works which translate data into something that is meaningful to people’s lives.
Artists use data as an art material in many ways: materialising them physically, sonifying them to amplify natural phenomena, coalescing them to create new realities. They question how objective the treatment of data is, and how much truth do we expect from an artwork with statistical roots? And we are asked to consider whether it matters. If we accept that there is dogma in the artists code, do we accept that it plays a part in other code too?
Often at the critical edge of technological debate, artists are redefining how we perceive data and how it affects and reflects our lives. This presentation will showcase art curated for the on-going Data as Culture programme, from concept through the development process to the final work, and present findings on how the art programme has impacted the ODI, its visitors and its staff. By Julie Freeman
We are pleased to introduce you to our 154rd year celebration of Sir J. J. School Of Art through an exclusive event KALA MELA scheduled from Feb 2012. This festival is a platform for all the students to come together and exchange ideas and thoughts which will further enhance their knowledge about art work in this college. Sir J. J. School Of Art is the host of the festival and thereby invites you to be a part of us.
KALA MELA is an initiative by the students of Sir J. J. School Of Art to bring together all students from all over the STATE in the artistic, serene campus of Sir J. J. School Of Art to set a stage for all art students to come together exchange thoughts and learn about numerous things through Workshops, Lectures and Slide show.
This is a slide presentation of what an architect does, what are his roles in different stages of the construction industry and the types of drawings they produced.
Physics numerical solutions, kinematics numericals solutions karachi board, federal board physics, SUVAT problems, metric physics solutions karachi, Physics solved numericals of Karachi board,Numericals of Physics metric (X) Federal Board,Federal Board Class X Physics SSC (9th & 10th),9th class physics numerical,Q1. A car is moving on a straight road at 5 m/s. It is accelerated at 3 m/s. What will be its velocity after 4 seconds?Q.2. A bullet train starts from rest and moves with uniform acceleration of 0.12 m/s2. Find its final velocity and distance covered after 5 minutes?Q.3. A bus is moving with a velocity of 72 km/hr. By applying brakes, a deceleration of 0.4 m/s2 is produced. Find the distance, covered by the bus before it stops?Q.4. What is the acceleration of an object which accelerates along a straight path from rest, and attains a velocity of 20 m/s after covering a distance of 50 m in 5 s?Q.5. a wicket keeper catches a ball moving at 30 m/s.
(a) if he does not move his hand the ball comes to rest in his glove over a distance of 1 cm. What is the average acceleration?(b) If he moves his hand as the ball is caught so that it comes to rest over 10 cm. What is its acceleration?
for complete solutions visit our blog: http://hometuitionsinkarachi.over-blog.com
Professional practice in Architecture
Difference between profession and business
History of architectural practice
Principles of profession to be followed
Role of COA and IIA in the field
Architect's Act 1972
Why architecture became a profession
Need and identity of architecure as a profession
The Indian Institute of Architects- paper.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Besides promoting formal education in architecture, the Institute of Architects is also credited with creating opportunities of higher learning and improving the career options, through an informal system. However, this facility remains limited to the in-service three-year diploma holders, engaged/ working, under the continued supervision and guidance of professional architects, rendering architectural services in the country. To cater to these needs of higher professional learning for diploma holders, the Institute runs a dedicated program for granting Associate Membership of The Indian Institute of Architects (by examination). After successful completion/ qualifying the prescribed exam, such candidates become eligible for election as Associate members of IIA and also for registration as architects under the Architects Act, 1972.
Introduction of the examination for the Associate Membership of IIA , was the outcome of a number of interventions/ evaluations/ reviews/ decisions made at the levels of the Ministry of Education and Social Welfare, Department or of Education, Government of India, the Parliament, All India Board of Technical Studies in Architecture & Regional Planning.
· The genesis of the introduction of granting Associate Membership lies in the detailed representation made by the Association of Architectural Assistantship, Diploma holders in September 1972 to the Ministry of Education and Social Welfare, Department, Government of India, regarding providing opportunities for higher studies and career promotion.
·Ministry of Education and Social Welfare to the All India Board of Technical Studies in Architecture & Regional Planning, (then responsible for guiding, directing and regulating the profession of architecture and planning in the country), forwarded the request to the Ministry for consideration and taking appropriate decisions.
· “While accepting that the revised syllabus of the Diploma in Architectural Assistantship covers the syllabus of the first two years of the five-year full-time Degree/ Diploma Course in Architecture, successful diploma students would be eligible for admission to the 3rd year of the B.Arch. Course”. The Board recommended that the Indian Institute of Architects, Bombay be requested to conduct
AICTE Full Form: All India Council for Technical Education.
want to Learn more about Aicite visit:- https://www.ndimdelhi.org/all-you-need-to-know-about-aicte-full-form-there-logo/
HOSPITAL
A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment by specialized staff and equipment..
Hospitals are usually funded by the public sector, by health organizations (for profit or nonprofit), health insurance companies, or charities, including direct charitable donations.
Historically, hospitals were often founded and funded by religious orders or charitable individuals and leaders.
Today, hospitals are largely staffed by professional physicians, surgeons, and nurses, whereas in the past, this work was usually performed by the founding religious orders or by volunteers.
Hospitals vary widely in the services they offer and therefore, in the departments (or "wards") they have. They may have acute services such as an emergency department or specialist trauma centre, burn unit, surgery, or urgent care. These may then be backed up by more specialist units such as:
Emergency department
Cardiology
Intensive care unit
Pediatric intensive care unit
Neonatal intensive care unit
Cardiovascular intensive care unit
Neurology
Oncology
Obstetrics and gynecology
Adolescent medicine Allergy/Immunology Anesthesia
Cardiac Surgery
Center for Communication Enhancement Critical Care medicine
Dentistry
Dermatology
Division of Developmental medicine Division of Developmental medicine Emergency medicine
Endocrinology Gastroenterology/Nutrition.
General Pediatrics
Genetics
Gynecology
Infectious Diseases
Nephrology
Neurology
Neurosurgery
Newborn medicine
Ophthalmology
Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement Plastic and Oral Surgery Psychiatry
Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases
Radiology
Rheumatology
Ophthalmology
Surgery
Urology
Some hospitals will have outpatient departments and some will have chronic treatment units such as behavioral health services, dentistry, dermatology, ward, rehabilitation, and physical therapy.
Common support units include a dispensary or pharmacy, pathology, and radiology, and on the non-medical side, there often are medical records departments, release of information departments, Information Management (IM)(aka IT or IS), Clinical Engineering (aka Biomed), Facilities Management, Plant Ops (aka Maintenance), Dining Services, and Security departments
Housing is a basic human requirement of any civilised society. With the growth of urbanisation, cities have been expanding alarmingly in the last few decades, which has resulted in haphazard growth of urban areas as well as acute housing shortage.
Housing and Urban Planning Department was established to ensure planned development of urban areas and create an enabling environment to provide affordable housing.
UAPVP launched many schemes available for different segments of the society including EWS, LIG, MIG, BPL and HIG categories.
UPAVP the development agency of Uttar Pradesh know as Uttar Pradesh Awas Vikas Parishad is going to implement the government housing mission, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.
About 20,000 houses will be constructed in the state.
On the construction of housing units, the UPAVP will spend about Rs. 3,000 Crore and the implementation work will be started once it get the approval from the government.
The comprehensive plan for Fiscal year 2017-18 has been prepared by the agency and the houses units in these projects will be constructed under UP government Vrindavan & Awadh Vihar Yojana.
Under PMAY UP, about 2,000 houses have been registered by the government and creating further plan for the scheme, the UPAVP is planning to open the registrations for additional 3,000 houses.
UAPVP launched many schemes available for different segments of the society including EWS, LIG, MIG, BPL and HIG categories.
UPAVP the development agency of Uttar Pradesh know as Uttar Pradesh Awas Vikas Parishad is going to implement the government housing mission, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.
About 20,000 houses will be constructed in the state.
On the construction of housing units, the UPAVP will spend about Rs. 3,000 Crore and the implementation work will be started once it get the approval from the government.
The comprehensive plan for Fiscal year 2017-18 has been prepared by the agency and the houses units in these projects will be constructed under UP government Vrindavan & Awadh Vihar Yojana.
Under PMAY UP, about 2,000 houses have been registered by the government and creating further plan for the scheme, the UPAVP is planning to open the registrations for additional 3,000 houses.
UAPVP launched many schemes available for different segments of the society including EWS, LIG, MIG, BPL and HIG categories.
UPAVP the development agency of Uttar Pradesh know as Uttar Pradesh Awas Vikas Parishad is going to implement the government housing mission, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.
About 20,000 houses will be constructed in the state.
On the construction of housing units, the UPAVP will spend about Rs. 3,000 Crore and the implementation work will be started once it get the approval from the government.
The comprehensive plan for Fiscal year 2017-18 has been prepared by the agency and the houses units in these projects will be constructed under UP government Vrindavan & Awadh Vihar Yojana.
Under PMAY UP, about 2,000 houses have been registered by the government and creating further plan for the scheme, the UPAVP is planning to open the registrations for additional 3,000 houses.
UAPVP launched many schemes available for different segments of the society including EWS, LIG, MIG, BPL and HIG categories.
UPAVP the development agency of Uttar Pradesh know as Uttar Pradesh Awas Vikas Parishad is going to implement the government housing mission, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.
About 20,000 houses will be constructed in the state.
On the construction of housing units, the UPAVP will spend about Rs. 3,000 Crore and the implementation work will be started once it get the approval from the government.
The comprehensive plan for Fiscal year 2017-18 has been prepared by the agency and the houses units in these projects will be constructed under UP government Vrindavan & Awadh Vihar Yojana.
Under PMAY UP, about 2,000 houses have been registered by the government and creating further plan for the scheme, the UPAVP is planning to open the registrations for additional 3,000 houses.
Housing is one of the basic necessities of life and the right to housing and adequate shelter is guaranteed in the Directive Principles of State Policy enshrined in the Constitution of India.
The rapid pace of urbanisation in India has resulted in severe shortage of housing and basic services like potable water, well laid out drainage system, sewerage network, sanitation facilities, electricity, roads and appropriate disposal of solid waste.
AREA OF SCHEME MINIMUM 5 ACRE, MAXIMUM 100 ACRES.
MINIMUM 60% AREA SHALL BE USED FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSING & CARPET AREA OF DWELLING UNIT SHALL NOT EXCEED 75 SQM.
40% AREA MAY BE UTILIZED FOR HIG, COMMERCIAL, INSTITUTIONAL,
RECREATIONAL & COMMUNITY FACILITIES.
MINIMUM 20% HOUSES SHALL BE PROVIDED FOR EWS & UG AGAINST HIG UNITS BUT NOT COMPULSARY IN AN EXCLUSIVE AFFORDABLE HOUSING SCHEME.
CEILING COST OF AFFORDABLE HOUSE IN NCR-RS.3000 PER SQ. FT., METRO CITIES-RS.2800 PER SQ.FT. & TOWNS-RS.2500 PER SQ.FT. ON SUPER BUILD UP AREA (TO BE REVISED BASED ON COST INDEX)
Green architecture defines an understanding of environment-friendly architecture under all classifications, and contains some universal consent, It may have many of these characteristics:
x Ventilation systems designed for efficient heating and cooling
x Energy-efficient lighting and appliances
x Water-saving plumbing fixtures
x Landscapes planned to maximize passive solar energy
x Minimal harm to the natural habitat
x Alternate power sources such as solar power or wind power
x Non-synthetic, non-toxic materials
x Locally-obtained woods and stone
x Responsibly-harvested woods
x Adaptive reuse of older buildings
x Use of recycled architectural salvage
x Efficient use of space1.Interaction
The relationships between construction site and architecture, green space and architecture, and also with people and form are emphasized here.
2.Form
With the new design thinking and process, concern for sustainable needs and computer aided technology, the form of architecture, or the use of building envelops may be redefined in the digital-green environment.
3.Construction:
With the aid of computer technology and 3D modelling techniques
Housing is a basic human requirement of any civilised society. With the growth of urbanisation, cities have been expanding alarmingly in the last few decades, which has resulted in haphazard growth of urban areas as well as acute housing shortage.
Housing and Urban Planning Department was established to ensure planned development of urban areas and create an enabling environment to provide affordable housing.
India needs about 19 million low-cost homes - roughly defined as costing a million rupees ($16,700) and below - to shelter an urban population expected to nearly double to 600 million by 2030 from 2011.
Samajwadi Awas Yojana is one the most popular and affordable government scheme which is launched for urban areas for full filling the needs of Houses in very affordable price for different categories of Uttar pradesh.
Uttar pradesh government initiated this samajwadi avas yojana by the help of Public private partnership. Chief Minister of uttar pradesh has already given there approval regarding the Samajwadi Avas Vikas Yojana.
Environment has positive
effects on human behaviour.
The Environment we live in
provides us all the natural
resources necessary for human
survival for instance-food,
minerals, water, land ,air etc.
amount of energy used is equal to amount of renewable energy created on the site
reduce carbon emissions & reduce dependence on fossil fuels
Buildings that produce a surplus of energy over the year are called “Energy Surplus Buildings”
During the last 20 years more than 200 reputable projects claiming net zero energy balance have been realized all over the world.
NZEB buildings consequently contribute less overall greenhouse gas to the atmosphere than similar non-ZNE buildings. They do at times consume non-renewable energy and produce greenhouse gases, but at other times reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas production elsewhere by the same amount. Traditional buildings consume 40% of the total fossil fuel energy in all over the world and are significant contributors of greenhouse gases.
More from Hamzah Meraj, Faculty of Architecture, Jamia Millia Islamia, New delhi (20)
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Professional practice notes-jamia millia islamia - 5th year
1. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES
ARCASIA FORUM
One of the key features of ARCASIA is the ARCASIA Forum which is a platform for the on-
going discussion of current architectural ideas pertinent to the region. This is a gathering of
prominent architects and thinkers intended to serve as an Asian 'catapult of minds' on
matters concerning architectural and environment in the Asian context.
FIIA
Foreign Investment Implementation Authority India
Government of India has set up the Foreign Investment Implementation Authority (FIIA) to
facilitate quick translation of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) approvals into implementation,
to provide a pro-active one stop after care service to foreign investors by helping them
obtain necessary approvals, sort out operational problems and meet with various
Government agencies to find solution to their problems.
Foreign Investment Implementation Authority (FIIA) has been set up by the government of
India in order to encourage the implementation of the proposals for FDI in the country. By
doing this, Foreign Investment Implementation Authority (FIIA) has given a major boost to
the Indian economy.
Various objectives of Foreign Investment Implementation Authority (FIIA) are -
To encourage fast translation of the approval of foreign direct investment and also
its implementation.
To offer the foreign investors proactive services such as, getting them the approvals
that are necessary.
To solve their problems by meeting the various agencies of the government, and also
to solve the various operational problems.
2. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
AITP
The Association of Information Technology Professionals (AITP) is a professional
association that focuses on information technology education for business professionals.
AIIA
An Associate of the Indian Institute of Architects
CAA
Commonwealth Association of Architects (CAA)
Commonwealth Association of Architects, formed in 1965, is an organisation for national
and regional institutes representing architects in Commonwealth countries.
As such, under the Commonwealth family, the association validates courses in architecture
and convenes international boards to educational institutions to assess course components
against set criteria. Its current membership list is 34 nations.
Under the umbrella of the Commonwealth CAA subscribes to its core values, and in
particular, developmental support to the smaller and younger members.
3. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
UIA
The International Union of Architects is an international non-governmental
organization that represents over a million architects in 124 countries.
The UIA was founded in Switzerland, in 1948 to unite the architects of all countries in a
federation of their national organizations. The General Secretariat is located in Paris. It is
recognized by most United Nations agencies as the only association in its field,
including UNESCO, UNCHS, UNIDO, and the WHO, as well as the WTO.
The current (2014 - 2017) president is Esa Mohamed from Malaysia.
The mission of UIA is to represent all architectural organizations and individual architects of
different countries, with parallel non-government organizations of other disciplines, and
with intergovernmental institutions.
The organization also manages international competitions for some of the most important
spaces of our age, as well as attempts to improve human habitats through architecture and
technology.
The UIA managed international competitions resulting in the construction of:
1. Georges Pompidou Centre, Paris
2. Indira Gandhi Centre, New Delhi
3. Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris
4. National Museum of Seoul
5. Prado National Museum, Madrid (rehabilitation and extension)
6. Opera House, Sydney
4. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
ITPI- Institute of Town Planners, India
The Institute of Town Planners, India, owes its origin to a small group of Town Planners of
Delhi, who in 1947 decided to set up a professional Town Planning Institute on the lines
similar to the Royal Town Planning Institute, London. The number of planners, which then
did not exceed six, was too small for a registered society to be set up and therefore, the
small group formed itself into an Indian Board of Town Planners and started working
towards establishing a professional Institute.
After three years of continuous work, the members of the Indian Board of Town Planners,
who then numbered about fifteen, evaluated the possibility of forming the Institute of Town
Planners, India and later on finalized the Memorandum, Articles of Association and Bye-laws
of the Institute.
OBJECTIVES
1. To advance the study of town planning, civic design and kindred subjects and of the
sciences and arts as applied to those subjects
2. To promote planned, economic, scientific and artistic development of towns, cities
and rural areas.
3. To promote the general interests of those engaged in the practice in town and
country planning.
5. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
ABOUT THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS –IIA
Explain the role of Indian institute of architects in promotion of architecture in India.
Enlist the type of membership offered by the IIA.
The Indian Institute of Architects (IIA) is the national body of Architects in the country.
Having started in the year 1917, the institute today has more than 15000 members.
ROLE OF IIA
1. The Institute has a major role to play in promoting the profession of architecture by
organising and uniting in fellowship the Architects of India to promote aesthetic,
scientific and practical efficiency of the profession both in Practice and in Education.
2. It encourages the science and the art of planning and building the standards of
architectural education, training and practice, by making grants to Technical Institutions,
or by paying or assisting to pay the fees and expenses of students or by providing and
giving scholarships, prizes or other rewards to such students, or by any or all such
methods.
3. It looks into all the factors affecting the practice of architecture & holds conferences or
meetings for the discussion of, and the exchange of goods and matters affecting or
relating to architecture.
4. It formulates and notifies the law and practice relating to architecture to members and
the public ,and to compile, collect, collate, revise, print and publish statistics,
professional records or periodicals relating to any of the objects of the Institute;
5. IIA is represented on various national and international committees connected with
architecture, art and the building industry and is also actively associated with
6. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
International Union of Architects (UIA) Commonwealth Association of Architects (CAA)
and South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation of Architects (SAARCH).
HEAD OFFICE- MUMBAI
THOSE WORKING UNDER IIA
IIA has six classes of memberships:-
a) HONORARY FELLOWS - any individual who is not necessarily a qualified architect but has
contributed to the growth of architectural profession
b) ASSOCIATES - any person who has attained the age of 21 and graduated from one of the
institutions registered with council of architecture
c) LICENTIATES - any person who is registered with COA is eligible to apply for licentiate
member.
d) STUDENTS - a student enrolled in any one of the architectural institutions – can on
application, become a student member.
e) RETIRED MEMBERS - any fellow, associate or licentiate after attaining the age of 55 and
on completely retiring from service or profession can apply for this post.
f) SUBSCRIBERS - a subscriber shall be either a person who was a member of the Bombay
architectural association at the time of adoption of the original constitution of the institute,
now amended or a person who in the opinion of the council is likely to render assistance in
promoting the objects of the institute.
7. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
IIA IS A SOCIETY WHERE AS COA IS A STATUARY BODY.
IIA-
IIA consist of like-minded people governed by their own norms and values within a
dominant, larger society. This is sometimes referred to as a subculture, a term used
extensively within criminology.
In so far as it is collaborative, a society can enable its members to benefit in ways that would
not otherwise be possible on an individual basis; both individual and social (common)
benefits can thus be distinguished, or in many cases found to overlap.
COA-
It is a non-constitutional body. This body is created by statute i.e. act of parliament. A
cabinet resolution can be passed to establish this body. It has to rely upon its statute to
derive power. Ex: Planning commission, National commission for OBCs, SEBI etc.
8. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
TITLE OF ARCHITECT IS PROTECTED UNDER ARCHITECTS ACT 1972 –COA
HOW DID COA CAME INTO EXISTENCE? AND WHAT ROLE DOES IT PLAYS?
The Council of Architecture (COA) has been constituted by the Government of India under
the provisions of the Architects Act, 1972, enacted by the Parliament of India, which came
into force on 1st September, 1972. The Act provides for registration of Architects, standards
of education, recognized qualifications and standards of practice to be complied with by the
practicing architects.
The Council of Architecture is charged with the responsibility to regulate the education and
practice of profession throughout India besides maintaining the register of architects. For
this purpose, the Government of India has framed Rules and Council of Architecture has
framed Regulations as provided for in the Architects Act, with the approval of Government
of India.
9. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
CODES OF CONDUCT FOR INDIAN ARCHITECTS- COA
A code of conduct is a set of rules that outlines the duties and responsibilities of a particular
person, groups or organization. All professions are bound by these codes, including
architecture which is a process of designing, planning and construction of buildings and
other structures.
In India, just like other countries, architects do have codes of conduct. Indian architects are
required to register with a government body called the council of architecture so that one
can be able to carry out the professional practice.
It is illegal to conduct any architectural activities without getting registered by this body.
When they register with this body each architect gets a unique registration number. They
also have to follow the Indians architects act 1972, which states the following.
•All architects are to be bound by this act and are to follow it.
•The council of architecture shall be the body responsible for all architects. Through this
body contracts can be made. One can sue or be sued.
•The head office shall be in Delhi unless stated otherwise by the central government, which
will be put in the gazette.
•Specifies the number of members who are to be on the council and there mode of
election.
•It talks about the registration of architects. That with them they should have their birth
certificate, national identification card, relevant school documents and a degree from a
known institution.
•Punishments to those who give false representation are also stated.
10. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
The Indian government also did establish a code of conduct in the Indian constitution. It is
under the professional code of conduct 1989. It states that:
1. Every architect who's either employed or practicing is subject to the provisions of the
central civil services.
2. An architect should make sure that his professional activities do not conflict with his
responsibilities and what he is entitled to do, his responsibility to the society and
environment.
3. He or she should apply and use his skills’ responsibly for the economic development of
India.
4. The architect shall provide professional services of high quality and to the best of his
ability.
5. Should always inform the client on the conditions of engagement and the terms of
agreement especially if one is on private practice. These are to form the basis of an
appointment.
6. One should not sub commission work to another or other architects without an
agreement with his client.
7. He should not give or take discounts, gifts, commissions or any form of inducement for
introduction of a client or work.
8. He should act with impartiality and fairness when administering a contract.
9. The architect should maintain very high standards of integrity.
10. Should promote the advancement of architecture, research, training, architectural
education and also training.
11. He should respect and recognize professional responsibilities of consultants.
11. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
EXPLAIN THE PROCESS OF REGISTRATION OF ARCHITECTS IN INDIA
Any person desirous of practising as an ‘Architect’ in India is required to be registered in the
Register, with the Council of Architecture (CoA). He shall be entitled on payment of the
prescribed fees to have his name entered in the register.
For the purpose of registration, one must possess the requisite qualification as appended
to the Architects Act, after having undergone the education in accordance with the
Council of Architecture Regulations, 1983. The registration with Council of Architecture
entitles a person to practice the profession of architecture. The registration also entitles a
person to use the title and style of Architect.
1) Application Form
A Registration Application form for registration filled in and signed by the candidate, along with a
recent colour passport size photograph duly pasted on the form.
2) Birth Certificate
3) 10 + 2 Mark sheet
4) Architectural Qualification Certificate In Original
The final recognised architectural qualification certificate on the basis of which registration is sought
i.e. 5-year B.Arch. Degree
5) Copies Of Mark sheets –
The copies of marksheets (including Practical Training certificate, if any) for all the semesters/years of
the recognised architectural education, duly attested by a Gazetted Officer
6) For All Semesters/Years
7) Demand Draft
A demand draft for Rs.600/- (non-refundable) drawn in favour of “Council of Architecture”, payable at
Delhi/New Delhi towards registration fee.
8) Self-Addressed Envelope
9) Registered Post
12. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
ARCHITECTURE IS A PROFESSION BECAUSE
It can be practised only by those who are fully trained and requires a bonafide degree to
practice at it.
The practionoers of architecture serve/practice the profession for the betterment of the
society. They do not seek to amalgamate money. They receive their just fees in lieu of the
service provided, but money making is not the main aim of the architecture.
There is a government /central body that propounds a code of conduct. Each practicing
architect as to register himself and practice the said code of conduct. Any architect found to
be not following the said code, can be punished or even debarred. Therefore there is a
dignity to practising architecture and like most other professions, an architect is answerable
for his work and conduct-legally to the government and OCA and morally to his own guild
and fellow professionals.
13. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
WHAT ROLE DOES AN ARCHITECT PLAY IN THE SOCIETY?
1. The architect can play several roles and contribute to the society in numerous ways:
2. He can contribute by designing urban spaces and reducing congestion and improving
lifestyle
3. He can get involved in slum rehabilitation projects and create better housing
projects with required sanitation and improving health and lifestyle
4. He can design energy efficient building and work towards sustainability and optimum
usage of energy
5. He can work as faulty and towards academics and research to increase the
knowledge base within architecture and train the future generation.
6. He can work in conservations and help to conserve the architectural heritage of a
space.
7. He can pay the role of the arbitrator in case of a dispute within the construction
industry. In this case his decision would be considered a legal decision.
8. Architect can play the role of an estimator or valuer.
9. Responsible designing and execution of regular lead to a good overall urban
morphology and increase the liveability within the building.
14. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
VARIOUS METHOD OF VALUATION OF PROPERTY
The following the methods of valuation being adopted in General practice by a practicing
valuer are:
Land and Building Method
Rent Capitalization Method
Development Method
Profit Method
Direct Comparison Method
Land Building Method:
By this method, the value of the land and the value of Building are assessed separately and
added to get the present value of the property. Depreciation is calculated either by straight
line method or applying linear method.
Rental or Capitalisation Method:
Rental method of valuation consists in capitalising the Net Annual Rental Income (NARI) at
an appropriate rate of interest or rate of capitalisation.
Net annual rent income equals to Gross Annual Rental Income (GARI) minus outgoings like
Property Tax, repairs, maintenance, Service Charges, Insurance Premium, Rent Collection
and Management Charges etc.
Development Method (or Residual Method):
This method is used to evaluate such property where there is a development potential, so
that the value of the property after development will be increased more than the
expenditure incurred. For example, a large portion of land can be divided into small plots
and developed fully so as to provide plots of land for a residential Colony or a large complex
of multi-storied buildings, housing ownership flats in a Co-operative Housing Society.
Profit Method:
This method is applicable to Hotels, Cinema Theatres, Marriage Halls and Public Places. This
15. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
method as the name suggests deals in working the profit from a property and subsequently
capitalizing the same at appropriate rate of return depending upon a number of factors.
VALUATION
In finance, valuation is the process of estimating what something is worth. Items that are
usually valued are a financial asset or liability. Valuations can be done on assets
(For example, investments in marketable securities such as stocks, options, business
enterprises) or on liabilities (e.g., bonds issued by a company)
PROFESSIONAL TAX
Professional tax is the tax by the state governments in India. Anyone earning an income
from salary or anyone practicing a profession such as chartered accountant, company
secretary, lawyer, doctor etc. are required to pay this professional tax.
16. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
SIGNIFICANCE OF ARCHITECTURE COMEPTITIONS & EXPLAIN OPEN AND LIMITED
COMPETITIONS
Architecture competitions are organised by various bodies, be it government or private
organizations, where in a project is floated by the said organization, where in a notice is
floated along with eligibility and prize. All interested partied register for the competitions
and send in their entries, in the specified format by a set data.
A jury is than organised by the organizations party and the various entries are judged on
their merits and demerits and certain entries chosen by the jury are declared winner. The
winner is then given the already declared prize which can be the right to execute the project
or specified prize money.
These competitions are significant because
They increase awareness among the profession
They give a platform for interactions and discussion
They allow the professionals to indulge in healthy competition and push their limits within
their subject encourages research and perfection.
It allows for experimentation
Certain competitions that give projects to be executed, allow for new faces to come up in
the field, fresh talent.
It is an oblique way towards advertisement as most competitors display their entries and
they are often covered in media.
17. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
OPENCOMPETITION
An open competition is an international competition. An open competition can be entered
by any one.
(International, national or regional)
CharacteristicsofanOpenCompetition
An open competition occurs in one or two stages:
One-stage: Any architect may submit a design.
Two-stage: Sponsor wishes to narrow the number of invited architects from the original
number.
LIMITED COMPETITION
The purpose of a limited competition is to restrict entry to a specific group of architects.
CharacteristicsofaLimitedCompetition
One-stage: Sponsor allows any registered architect who falls within the limits of
competition to enter the competition.
Two-stage: Sponsor wishes to narrow the number of registered architects who fall within
the limits of the competition.
18. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
WHAT IS CONTRACT? How it is different from agreement?
The contract is an elaborate legal document, which is signed in agreement by both the
parties-contractor and contractee; stating all the typical details and covering all the typical
details and covering all possible situations and their outcome.
The law will consider a contract to be valid if the agreement contains all of the following
elements:
1. offer and acceptance;
2. an intention between the parties to create binding relations;
3. consideration to be paid for the promise made;
4. legal capacity of the parties to act;
5. genuine consent of the parties; and
6. Legality of the agreement.
In contrast, an agreement is a basic document signed by both the partied stating the work
to be done and the basic necessary details.
For example, if the agreement states that the conservation work of a project is to be done,
the contract would state the typical work involved like waterproofing of the terrace, the
material preferably to be used, the timespan within which the work is to be completed, the
quality of expected work and so on.
Therefore a contract is a more elaborate and fool proof version of an agreement, where
each loophole has been contemplated on and each scenario has been looked into
predetermined.
19. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
L1 IN TENDERING
The person / entity that has bid the lowest in a tender out of all the pre-qualified bidders is
called L1. Typically, the entire or the majority quantity / work is then offered to the L1
bidder. Where other qualifying bidders are also offered part of the quantity / work, they are
then required to match the price and conditions offered by the L1 bidder.
Who Floats a Tender?
A buyer which can be either Government or Large Private Company can float a Tender as
and when they need to buy Goods, hire services or construct something. Generally tenders
are floated by Government as it is a mandatory requirement for them.
A Seller which can be either Government or Large Private Company , can float a tender for
selling used machinery, scrap or surplus products. Generally Government floats sell tenders
it is a mandatory requirement for them.
Why Tenders?
Tenders are open invitation to buy or sell goods/services/contracts. Those who are
interested in supplying what has been advertised can respond to a Tender & submit their
best competitive offer. The best competitive offer (Lowest Bidder or L1)is generally selected
& the contract is awarded to L1 Bidder.
20. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
WHAT IS EARNEST MONEY? HOW DOES IT DIFFER FROM TENDER COST AND SECURITY
DEPOSIT?
Earnest money is the amount required to be paid by all interested parties who submit the
tender, as an amount to display their activity to handle the project monetarily. This amount
is returned to all the partied except for the one who gets the contract
Tender cost is the non-refundable amount payed by all the interested parties who want to
fill the tender for the document of the tender. It is often dispersed by the architect. This
money is the cost of the form and is not returned.
The security deposit is the amount that is given by the contractor once the project is
awarded to him. This money stays with the contractee incase the contractor does not fulfil
his side of the deal. It can be payable via a D.D
21. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
UNDER WHAT CONDITIONS CHEQUE CAN BE DISHONOURED?
There are various reasons why bank checks are not being accepted from drawers:
1. Insufficient Fund: When the amount written on a check is more than what the
drawer has in his account in the bank.
2. Irregular Signature: If the signature the drawer signs on the check differs from the
specimen signature in the bank.
3. Non-Existing Account
4. Bankruptcy: If one is judged by a law court to be unable to pay his debts in full, the
bank will dishonour any check presented on behalf of that customer.
5. A Stale Check: A check that has been delayed for more than six months of the date
written on it.
6. If There Is a Difference Between The Amount Written In Words And That in Figures:
If for instance, the drawer writes thirty dollars only in words and $20 in figure.
22. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
'SERVICE TAX'
Definition: Service tax is a tax levied by the government on service providers on certain
service transactions, but is actually borne by the customers. It is categorized under Indirect
Tax and came into existence under the Finance Act, 1994
NO SERVICE TAX ON ARCHITECTS INCOME, RULES CDBT
The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has clarified that services provided by architects
do not fall under the ambit of service tax leviable on engineering consultants.
However, in case a consultancy firm providing both consultancy and architectural services
against which a lumpsum payment has been received, then service tax will be leviable on
the entire amount.
INCOME TAX
An income tax is a government levy (tax) imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) that
varies with the income or profits (taxable income) of the taxpayer. Details vary widely by
jurisdiction. Many jurisdictions refer to income tax on business entities as companies tax
or corporate tax
Income tax is the tax that is charged to your income that can be paid with the preparation of
tax forms or is withheld from your paycheck. Service tax refers to the tax that is charged for
services, like care repair.
23. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
EARNEST MONEY
An earnest payment is a specific form of security deposit made in some major transactions
such as real estate dealings to demonstrate that the applicant is serious and willing to
demonstrate an earnest of good faith about wanting to complete the transaction.
SECURITY DEPOSIT
A security deposit is a sum of money held in trust either as an initial part-payment in
a purchasing process (often used to prevent the seller selling an item to someone else
during an agreed period of time while the buyer verifies the suitability of the item, or
arranges finance) - also known as an earnest payment, or else, in the course of a rental
agreement to ensure the cost of repair in relation to any damage explicitly specified in
the lease and that did in fact occur.
24. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
3 CLAUSES OF A TYPICAL CONTRACT FOR EXECUTION OF A CIVIL PROJECT
25. HAMZAH MERAJ- JAMIA MILLIIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI- 5TH YEAR EXAM NOTES
IMPLICATION OF CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT ON ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICES
Consumer Protection Means Safeguarding The Interest And Rights Of Consumers. It Provide
Them Speedy Redressal Of Their Grievances.
The Necessity Of Adopting Measures To Protect The Interest Of Consumers Arises Mainly
Due To The Helpless Position Of The Consumers. There Is No Denying Fact That The
Consumers Have The Basic Right To Be Protected From The Loss Or Injury Caused On
Account Of Defective Goods And Deficiency Of Services.