This document discusses productivity, including its definition, types, importance, measurement, and factors affecting it. Productivity is defined as the ratio of output to input. There are two types of productivity: partial, which measures individual resources, and total, which considers all resources. Improving productivity is important because it increases standards of living and efficient resource use. Productivity can be measured by changes in output per input unit or input per output unit. Factors influencing productivity include employee efforts, training, technology, management practices, and the external business environment. The document recommends better employee training, use of time studies, updated technology, incentives, and competition to increase productivity.

2. Presented by
Rajat Singh

3. SESSION OBJECTIVES
Productivity:-
 Introduction of productivity.
 Definition of productivity.
 Types of productivity.
 Importance of productivity.
 Measurement of productivity.
 Factor affecting productivity.
 Ways of increasing productivity.

4. INTRODUCTION
o Productivity is some relationship between inputs
and output of an enterprise.
o It is the quantitative relationship between what
we produce and resources used.

5. DEFINITION
 Productivity is measure of how much input is
required to produce a given output i.e. it is ratio of
output to input.
 According to Peter Drucker, “Productivity means
balance between all factors of production that will
give the maximum output with the smallest effort.”

6. EXAMPLE OF PRODUCTIVITY
 In case A, 10 products are made by spending 1000 rupees
and in case B, 15 products made by spending 2000 rupees.
Productivity in case A=10/1000
Productivity in case B=15/2000
In case B, it is an indication of reduced productivity.

7. TYPES OF PRODUCTIVITY
PRODUCTIVITY
PARTIAL TOTAL

8. PARTIAL PRODUCTIVITY
 The resources of productivity when measured
seprately are called partial productivity.
 e.g. “Apple to Apple” comparision.

9. TOTAL PRODUCTIVITY
 The method of calculating productivity considering
all the resources is called total productivity.
 It is systematic and qualitative approach to
compete in quality, price and time.
 Innovated by David J. Sumanth.

10. IMPORTANCE OF PRODUCTIVITY
 Productivity growth is the basic source of increases
in real wages and living standards.
 Optimum utilisation of resources so as to get
maximum satisfaction with minimum efforts and
expenditure.
 Productivity indicates improvement in the working
of inputs is possible to increase the output.
 Productivity improvement in construction industry
have significant impact on improving GDP.

11. MEASUREMENT OF PRODUCTIVITY
 Productivity is a measure of how well the
resources are utilised to achieve given
objectives.
 In terms of input performance by calculating
changes in output per unit of input.
 On the basis of ouput performance by
calculating change in input per unit of output.

12. FACTOR AFFECTING PRODUCTIVITY
 Primary factors (e.g. effort , working capacity etc).
 Organisational factors (e.g. nature of training , design and
transformation process).
 Technological factors (e.g. tool, raw material and technology
employed).
 External factors (e.g. taxes , tariffs and transport facilities).
 Managerial factors (e.g. material management , financial
management, work environment).
 Labour factors (e.g. work force, health , training , discipline etc).

13. WAYS OF INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY
 Better training and planning of employees.
 Use of time and motion studies.
 Better transportation system.
 Regular updation of technology.
 Competitive environment.
 Incentives in contract for good performance.

14. THANK YOU