Cheese is made through a multi-step production process. Milk is standardized, pasteurized, cooled, and inoculated with starter bacteria. Rennet is added to coagulate the milk into a curd. The curd is cut, heated, drained, pressed, salted, and aged. The aging process can last from a few months to years depending on the cheese variety. The finished cheese is then packaged.
Cheese is a very popular food produced worldwide from the milk of ruminants using a combination of physical treatments. Key milk components for the transformation of milk into curd are casein and calcium. The majority of cheese varieties are based on the curd of modified casein micelles that result from the enzymatic rennet clotting of milk in the presence of calcium ions. The remarkable ability of the spontaneous syneresis of rennet-induced curds can be adjusted to the desired level by biological acidification, cutting, stirring, heating, pressing and salting in order to achieve the desired level of water removal in the form of whey. The mode of curdling (acid or rennet coagulation), the conditions, and the combinations of curd treatments result in numerous cheese varieties with different appearances, textures, flavors and shelf lives. Moreover, most of them are kept under specific temperature and humidity conditions to ripen for a short or a considerable amount of time. The classification of cheese varieties is not unambiguous and can be based on various criteria. For example, cheeses can be classified according to their moisture content related to yield and shelf life or according to specific features related to the treatments applied during cheesemaking and ripening. During ripening, the main solid constituents of young cheese—fat and caseins—undergo changes that increase the concentration of small size compounds in cheese—such as peptides, amino acids, small volatile molecules—control moisture loss and configure textural properties. In particular, the compounds of mature cheese flavor result from complicated biochemical pathways that take place during cheese ripening or even storage.
Introduction to cheese
history of cheese
Production of cheese and it's steps of production
types of cheese
ripened cheese, unripened cheese,
Gauda cheese, mozarella cheese, cheddar cheese, swiss cheese, blue cheese, hard cheese and soft cheese.
manufacture, nutrition value
Cheese manufacturing technology by hrisikesh an saurabh.pptxSaurabhDas44
In this PPT you will find how the cheese manufacturing is done.
"Cheese means the product obtained by draining after the coagulation of milk with a harmless milk coagulating agent, under the influence of harmless bacterial cultures.
It shall not contain any ingredients not found in milk , except coagulating agents like Sodium Chloride, Calcium Chloride(anhydrous salt) not exceeding 0.02 %weight, annatto or carotene colour; and may contain certain emulsifiers like citric acid, sodium citrate or sodium salts of orthophosphoric acid and polyphosphoric acid not exceeding 0.2% by weight.
Wax used for covering the outer surface should not contain anything harmful to the health . Only permitted food colours may be used. Hard cheese shall contain not more than 43.0 % moisture and not less than 42.0 % milk fat of the dry matter. Hard cheese may contain 0.1 % of Sorbic acid or its sodium, potassium or calcium salts; or 0.1% of nicin.
"
"Cheese can be defined as a product made from the curd obtained from milk by coagulating the Casein with the help of rennet or similar enzymes in the presence of lactic acid produced by added or adventitious micro-organisms, from which part of the moisture has been removed by cutting, cooking and/or pressing, which has been shaped in a mould, and then ripened by holding it for some time at suitable temperatures and humidities .
The Word Cheese comes from the Latin term “Caseus”.
"
"Preparation of Equipment:
Cleaning and Sanitization of Cheese making equipment and accessories.
These equipment and accessories should be sterilized just before use by contact with hot water at 82 ֯C/180֯ F or Chlorine solution having 100 ppm available chlorine for at least 2mins.
Receiving Milk: Only high grade milk can yield high grade cheese. Cheese factories should follow a system of daily efficient grading of all milk received. These are-
No off flavour milk should not be accepted in each can/tanker.
The appearance of the milk should be free from all extraneous matter.
Performing MBR , Resazurin and Rennet-curd test, titratable acidity on the milk frequently.
Examining milk for bacteriophage, antibiotics and inhibitory substances.
"
"Adding colour: It is added just before renneting. The usual amount is 30 to 200 ml. or more (for buffalo milk) for 1000 kg milk. The colour is diluted with approximately 20 times its volume of (potable) water for even distribution. It is vigorously agitated to ensure uniform and rapid distribution. The colour of cheese is usually an alkaline solution of annatto. Rennet and colour should not be mixed together before being added to the milk.
Renneting:
Rennet: It’s a set of enzymes produced in the stomach of ruminant mammals like cow, sheep, goat etc. It contains two principle enzymes rennin(powerful clotting enzyme) and pepsin(induces proteolysis).
The enzyme rennin is used for coagulation, aided by the starter activity."
This presentation involves with the fermented products of dairy items and their manufacturing procedures. This presentation includes production of cheese, buttermilk, yoghurt, kefir and sour cream
Cheese is a very popular food produced worldwide from the milk of ruminants using a combination of physical treatments. Key milk components for the transformation of milk into curd are casein and calcium. The majority of cheese varieties are based on the curd of modified casein micelles that result from the enzymatic rennet clotting of milk in the presence of calcium ions. The remarkable ability of the spontaneous syneresis of rennet-induced curds can be adjusted to the desired level by biological acidification, cutting, stirring, heating, pressing and salting in order to achieve the desired level of water removal in the form of whey. The mode of curdling (acid or rennet coagulation), the conditions, and the combinations of curd treatments result in numerous cheese varieties with different appearances, textures, flavors and shelf lives. Moreover, most of them are kept under specific temperature and humidity conditions to ripen for a short or a considerable amount of time. The classification of cheese varieties is not unambiguous and can be based on various criteria. For example, cheeses can be classified according to their moisture content related to yield and shelf life or according to specific features related to the treatments applied during cheesemaking and ripening. During ripening, the main solid constituents of young cheese—fat and caseins—undergo changes that increase the concentration of small size compounds in cheese—such as peptides, amino acids, small volatile molecules—control moisture loss and configure textural properties. In particular, the compounds of mature cheese flavor result from complicated biochemical pathways that take place during cheese ripening or even storage.
Introduction to cheese
history of cheese
Production of cheese and it's steps of production
types of cheese
ripened cheese, unripened cheese,
Gauda cheese, mozarella cheese, cheddar cheese, swiss cheese, blue cheese, hard cheese and soft cheese.
manufacture, nutrition value
Cheese manufacturing technology by hrisikesh an saurabh.pptxSaurabhDas44
In this PPT you will find how the cheese manufacturing is done.
"Cheese means the product obtained by draining after the coagulation of milk with a harmless milk coagulating agent, under the influence of harmless bacterial cultures.
It shall not contain any ingredients not found in milk , except coagulating agents like Sodium Chloride, Calcium Chloride(anhydrous salt) not exceeding 0.02 %weight, annatto or carotene colour; and may contain certain emulsifiers like citric acid, sodium citrate or sodium salts of orthophosphoric acid and polyphosphoric acid not exceeding 0.2% by weight.
Wax used for covering the outer surface should not contain anything harmful to the health . Only permitted food colours may be used. Hard cheese shall contain not more than 43.0 % moisture and not less than 42.0 % milk fat of the dry matter. Hard cheese may contain 0.1 % of Sorbic acid or its sodium, potassium or calcium salts; or 0.1% of nicin.
"
"Cheese can be defined as a product made from the curd obtained from milk by coagulating the Casein with the help of rennet or similar enzymes in the presence of lactic acid produced by added or adventitious micro-organisms, from which part of the moisture has been removed by cutting, cooking and/or pressing, which has been shaped in a mould, and then ripened by holding it for some time at suitable temperatures and humidities .
The Word Cheese comes from the Latin term “Caseus”.
"
"Preparation of Equipment:
Cleaning and Sanitization of Cheese making equipment and accessories.
These equipment and accessories should be sterilized just before use by contact with hot water at 82 ֯C/180֯ F or Chlorine solution having 100 ppm available chlorine for at least 2mins.
Receiving Milk: Only high grade milk can yield high grade cheese. Cheese factories should follow a system of daily efficient grading of all milk received. These are-
No off flavour milk should not be accepted in each can/tanker.
The appearance of the milk should be free from all extraneous matter.
Performing MBR , Resazurin and Rennet-curd test, titratable acidity on the milk frequently.
Examining milk for bacteriophage, antibiotics and inhibitory substances.
"
"Adding colour: It is added just before renneting. The usual amount is 30 to 200 ml. or more (for buffalo milk) for 1000 kg milk. The colour is diluted with approximately 20 times its volume of (potable) water for even distribution. It is vigorously agitated to ensure uniform and rapid distribution. The colour of cheese is usually an alkaline solution of annatto. Rennet and colour should not be mixed together before being added to the milk.
Renneting:
Rennet: It’s a set of enzymes produced in the stomach of ruminant mammals like cow, sheep, goat etc. It contains two principle enzymes rennin(powerful clotting enzyme) and pepsin(induces proteolysis).
The enzyme rennin is used for coagulation, aided by the starter activity."
This presentation involves with the fermented products of dairy items and their manufacturing procedures. This presentation includes production of cheese, buttermilk, yoghurt, kefir and sour cream
Cheese is a food derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep
cheese ,cheese ,making of cheese ,types of cheese ,classification of cheese ,characterstics of cheese ,catagories of cheese ,soft cheese ,semi hard cheese ,hard cheese ,cheddar cheese
Fermented milk products, also known as cultured dairy foods, cultured dairy products, or cultured milk products, are dairy foods that have been fermented with lactic acid bacteria.
This particular presentation describes all the fermented milk products like yoghurt, cheese etc. VIEW, SHARE, ENJOY!
Lecture for the general student (third year) at faculty of veterinary medicine, Benha university. the lecture was taken on 20.2.2020. it presented a summary in cheese technology including some faults occur during storage and manufacture. in addition the nutritive value of cheese.
Cheese is a food derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep
cheese ,cheese ,making of cheese ,types of cheese ,classification of cheese ,characterstics of cheese ,catagories of cheese ,soft cheese ,semi hard cheese ,hard cheese ,cheddar cheese
Fermented milk products, also known as cultured dairy foods, cultured dairy products, or cultured milk products, are dairy foods that have been fermented with lactic acid bacteria.
This particular presentation describes all the fermented milk products like yoghurt, cheese etc. VIEW, SHARE, ENJOY!
Lecture for the general student (third year) at faculty of veterinary medicine, Benha university. the lecture was taken on 20.2.2020. it presented a summary in cheese technology including some faults occur during storage and manufacture. in addition the nutritive value of cheese.
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productionofcheese-200608212335.pdf
1. PRESENTED BY:
K.KAVYA PRIYA
M.Sc. Biochemistry
Semester IV
Registration Number: 121822201003
Department of Biochemistry and
Bioinformatics.
GITAM Institute of Science.
GITAM ( Deemed to be University).
2. WHAT IS CHEESE?
Cheese is a dairy product derived from milk that is produced in a wide
range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk
protein casein. It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk
of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep.
The word cheese comes from Latin word caseus, from which the modern
word casein is also derived.
Over a thousand types of cheese from various countries are produced.
MOZZARELLA CHEDDAR PARMESAN
3. Their styles, textures and flavors depend on:
•The origin of the milk ,
• Whether they have been pasteurized,
•The butterfat content,
• The bacteria and mold,
•The processing, and aging.
TYPES OF CHEESE
•Herbs, spices, or wood smoke may be
used as flavoring agents.
•Other ingredients may be added to
some cheeses, such as black
pepper, garlic, chives or cranberries.
Mozzerella, Feta
Brie, Camembert
Cheddar, Gouda
Romano, Provolone
Danish blue,
Roquefort
Examples
4. HISTORY:
Cheese is an ancient food.
Earliest proposed dates for the origin of cheese making range from around
8000 BC, when sheep were first domesticated.
PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION:
The European Union (EU) is by far the top producer of cheese worldwide. In
2018 European Union produced 10.16 million metric tons of cheese.
It also accounts for the highest consumption of cheese which is about 96
million metric tons.
The US ranks second after EU in production as well as consumption of
cheese.
5. CHEESE PRODUCTION:
Ingredients:
Milk ,coagulant : acid, rennet ,fllavorings.
General Manufacturing Procedure:
The temperatures, time, and target pH for different steps, the sequence of
processing steps, the use of salting or brining, block formation, and aging vary
considerably between cheese types.
General Cheese Processing Steps:
Standardize Milk
Pasteurize/Heat Treat Milk
Cool Milk
Inoculate with Starter & Non-Starter Bacteria and Ripen
Add Rennet and Form Curd
Cut Curd and Heat
Drain Whey
Texture Curd
Dry Salt or Brine
Form Cheese into Blocks
Store and Age
Package
6. 1. Standardize Milk:
Milk is often standardized before cheese making to optimize the protein to
fat ratio to make a good quality cheese with a high yield.
2. Pasteurize/Heat Treat Milk:
Depending on the desired cheese, the milk may be pasteurized- High-
Temperature Short-Time, where milk is heated to 72°C for 15 seconds or
mildly heat-treated to reduce the number of spoilage organisms and improve
the environment for the starter cultures to grow.
Some varieties of milk are made from raw milk so they are not pasteurized
or heat-treated.
Raw milk cheeses must be aged for at least 60 days to reduce the possibility
of exposure to disease causing microorganisms (pathogens) that may be
present in the milk.
3. Cool Milk:
Milk is cooled after pasteurization or heat treatment to 90°F (32°C) to bring
it to the temperature needed for the starter bacteria to grow. If raw milk is
used the milk must be heated to 90°F (32°C).
7. 4. Inoculate with Starter Bacteria and Ripen:
The starter cultures bacteria are added to the milk and
held at 90°F (32°C) for 30 minutes to ripen. The
ripening step allows the bacteria to grow and begin
fermentation, which lowers the pH and develops the
flavor of the cheese.
LACTATE LACTIC ACID
Streptococcus species for cheddar, gouda and cottage
cheese.
Lactobacillus species ( Lactobacillus. bulgaricus and
Lactobacillus. acidophilus) for Swiss and Grana cheese.
5. Add Rennet and Form Curd:
The rennet is the enzyme that acts on the milk proteins to form the curd.
It is added to the milk at 32°C, which destabilizes the casein micelle in a
two step reaction: 1.Primary (enzymatic) phase.
2.Secondary (non enzymatic) phase.
8. In the primary phase the Chymosin cleaves phenylalanine-methionine bond of k-
Casein, thus eliminating its stabilizing k-action on calcium sensitive α,β caseins.
In the secondary phase micelles without intact k-Casein aggregate in the presence
of ionic calcium in milk and form a gel (curd).
After the rennet is added, the curd is not disturbed for approximately 30 minutes so
a firm coagulum forms.
CASEIN AGGREGATION OF CASEIN
9. 6. Cut Curd and Heat:
The curd is allowed to ferment until it reaches pH 6.4. The curd is then cut with cheese
knives into small pieces and heated to 100°F (38°C). The heating step helps to separate
the whey from the curd.
7. Drain whey:
The whey is drained and the curd forms a mat.
10. 8. Texture curd:
The curd mats are cut into sections and piled on top of each other and flipped
periodically. This step is called cheddaring.
Cheddaring helps to expel more whey, allows the fermentation to continue
until a pH of 5.1 to 5.5 is reached, and allows the mats to "knit" together and
form a tighter matted structure.
The curd mats are then milled (cut) into smaller pieces.
CHEDDARING
11. 9. Dry Salt or Brine:
For cheddar cheese, the smaller, milled curd pieces are put back in the vat and
salted by sprinkling dry salt on the curd and mixing in the salt. In some cheese
varieties, such as mozzarella, the curd is formed into loaves and then the loaves
are placed in a brine (salt water solution).
SPRINKLING OF DRY SALT CHEESE IN BRINE
12. 10. Form Cheese into Blocks:
The salted curd pieces are placed in cheese hoops and pressed into blocks to form the
cheese.
CHEESE HOOPS
11. Store and Age:
The cheese is stored in cheese cellars until the
desired age is reached. Depending on the
variety, cheese can be aged from several
months to several years.
CHEESE CELLAR