penelitian

1. No Peneliti -
tahun
Judul Metode Hasil Kesimpulan
1 PatriciaE
Muirhead,
Geraldine
Butcher,Jean
Rankinand
Andrew
Munley –
2006
The effect of a
programme of
organised and
supervised
peer support
on the
initiation and
duration of
breastfeeding
A two-grouprandomised
controlledtrial of peer
supportfor breastfeeding
withevaluationof
breastfeedinginitiationand
durationonan intention-
totreatbasis.
Thirty-fiveof the 112 (31%) womeninthe
peersupportgroupwere breastfeeding
at 6 weekscomparedto33/113 (29%) in
the control group, a difference of 2%
(95% confidence interval =-10% to 14%).
The medianbreastfeedingdurationforall
womeninthe peersupportgroupwas 2
dayscomparedto 1 day forthe control
groupand the Kaplan–Meiersurvival plot
showsthe peersupportgroupoverall
breastfeedingslightlylongerthanthe
control group,withno statistically
significantdifferencebylogranktest(P=
0.5). The medianbreastfeedingduration
amongprimagravidae inthe peersupport
groupwas 7 days,comparedto 3 days for
the control group. Amongwomenwho
startedto breastfeedthe medianswere
72 days inthe peersupportgroupand 56
daysin the control
Peersupportdidnot
increase breastfeedingin
thispopulationbya
statisticallysignificant
amount.
2 ChristopherR.
Sudfeld,
Wafaie W.
Fawzi,
Chandrakant
Lahariya-
2012
PeerSupport
and Exclusive
Breastfeeding
Durationin
Low and
Middle-Income
Countries:A
Systematic
Reviewand
Meta-Analysis
Two authorsindependently
searched,reviewed,and
assessedthe qualityof
randomizedcontrolledtrials
utilizingpeersupportin
LMICs. Meta-analysisand
metaregressiontechniques
were usedtoproduce
pooledrelativerisksand
investigatesourcesof
heterogeneityinthe
estimates
Elevenrandomizedcontrolledtrials
conductedat 13 studysitesmetthe
inclusioncriteriaforsystematicreview.
We notedsignificantdifferencesinstudy
populations,peercounselortraining
methods,peervisitschedule,and
outcome ascertainmentmethods.Peer
supportsignificantlydecreasedthe riskof
discontinuingEBFas comparedto control
(RR: 0.71; 95% CI:0.61–0.82; I2 =92%).
The effectof peersupportwas
significantlyreducedinsettingswith.10%
Peersupportincreasesthe
durationof EBF in LMICs;
however,the effect
appearsto be reducedin
formulafeedingcultures.
Future studiesare needed
to determine the optimal
timingof peervisits,how
to bestintegrate peer
supportintopackaged
interventionstrategies,and
the effectivenessof

2. communityprevalence of formula
feedingascomparedtosettingswith
,10% prevalence (p=0.048).There wasno
evidence of effectmodificationby
inclusionof lowbirthweightinfants
(p=0.367) andno difference inthe effect
of peersupportonEBF at 4 versus6
monthspostpartum(p=0.398).
supplemental interventions
to peersupportinformula
feedingcultures.
3 Mona Nabulsi,
Haya
Hamadeh,
Hani Tamim,
Tamar
Kabakian,
Lama
Charafeddine,
Nadine Yehya,
Durriyah
Sinno
and Saadieh
Sidani - 2014
A complex
breastfeeding
promotionand
support
interventionin
a developing
country:study
protocol fora
randomized
clinical trial
A multi-centerrandomized
controlledtrial.Study
population:443 healthy
pregnantwomenin
theirfirsttrimesterwillbe
randomizedtocontrol or
interventiongroup.
Intervention:A“prenatal/post
natal”
professionalandpeer
breastfeedingsupport
package continuingtill 6
monthspostpartum,guided
by the Social
NetworkandSocial Support
Theory.Control groupwill
receive standardprenatal
and postnatal care.Mothers
will
be followedupfromearly
pregnancytill five yearsafter
delivery.Outcome measures:
Total andexclusive
breastfeedingrates,quality
of life at1, 3 and 6 months
postpartum,maternal
Exclusive breastfeedingisacost-effective
publichealthmeasure thathasa
significantimpactoninfant
morbidityandmortality.Inacountry with
limitedhealthcare resourceslike
Lebanon,developinganeffective
breastfeedingpromotionandsupport
interventionthatiseasilyreplicated
across varioussettingsbecomesa
priority.If positive,the resultsof this
studywouldprovide ageneralizable
model tobolsterbreastfeeding
promotion
efforts and contribute to improved child
health in Lebanon and the Middle East
and North Africa (MENA) region.

3. breastfeedingknowledge
and
attitudesat6 months
postpartum,maternal
exclusivebreastfeedingrates
of future infantsuptofive
yearsfrom
baseline,cost-benefitand
cost-effectivenessanalyses
of the intervention.Statistical
analysis:Descriptive and
regressionanalysiswillbe
conductedunderthe
intentiontotreatbasisusing
the most recentversionof
SPSS
4 AamerImdad,
Mohammad
Yawar Yakoob,
ZulfiqarA
Bhutta - 2011
Effectof
breastfeeding
promotion
interventions
on
breastfeeding
rates,with
special focus
on developing
countries
A systematicliterature was
conductedtoidentifyall
studiesthatevaluatedthe
impactof breastfeeding
promotional strategieson
any breastfeedingandEBF
ratesat 4-6 weeksandat 6
months
268 studieswere selectedforpotential
inclusion,of which53randomizedand
quasi-randomizedcontrolledtrialswere
selectedforfull abstraction.Thirtytwo
studiesgave the outcome of EBF at 4-6
weekspostpartum.There wasa
statisticallysignificant43%increase in
thisoutcome,with89% and 20%
significantincreasesindevelopingand
developedcountriesrespectively.Fifteen
studiesreportedEBFoutcomesat6
months.There wasan overall 137%
increase,withasignificant6times
increase inEBF indevelopingcountries,
comparedto 1.3 foldsincrease in
developedcountrystudies.Furthersub-
groupanalysesprovedthatprenatal
counselinghadasignificantimpacton
Breastfeedingpromotion
interventionsincreased
exclusiveandany
breastfeedingratesat4-6
weeksandat 6 months.A
relativelygreaterimpactof
these interventionswas
seenindeveloping
countrieswith1.89 and 6
foldsincrease inEBFrates
at 4-6 weeksandat 6
monthsrespectively.

4. breastfeedingoutcomesat4-6 weeks,
while bothprenatal andpostnatal
counselingwere importantforEBFat 6
months.
5 Sarah Haroon,
Jai K Das,
RehanaA
Salam,Aamer
Imdad,
ZulfiqarA
Bhutta - 2013
Breastfeeding
promotion
interventions
and
breastfeeding
practices:a
systematic
review
A systematicliterature
searchwas conductedfor
RCTs and quasi-experimental
studiescomparing
breastfeedingeducationor
supportto routine care.The
effectof interventionswas
observedforexclusive,
predominant,partial andno
breastfeedingrates.The
time intervalsof interest
were day1, <1 month,and1
to
5 months.Outcome-specific
evidence wasgraded
accordingto the ChildHealth
EpidemiologyReference
Group
(CHERG) rulesusingthe
adaptedGradingof
Recommendations,
Assessment,Development
and Evaluation(GRADE)
criteriaand
recommendationswere
made fromstudiesin
developingcountriesfor
inclusionintothe LivesSaved
Tool (LiST) model
72 studieswere selectedforfull text
screeningand110 of these studies
were finallyincluded.Statistically
significantincreasesinEBFratesas a
resultof breastfeedingpromotion
interventionswereobserved:43%at day
1, 30% at <1 month,and 90% at 1-5
months.Ratesof ‘no breastfeeding’
reducedby32% at 1 day,30% at <1
month,and 18% at 1-5 months.The
effectof interventionsonthe ratesof
predominantandpartial breastfeeding
were non-significan
Breastfeedingeducation
and/orsupportincreased
EBF rates anddecreasedno
breastfeedingratesat
birth,<1 monthand 1-5
months.Combined
individualandgroup
counselingappearedtobe
superiortoindividual
or group counselingalone.
Interventionsindeveloping
countrieshada greater
impactthan those in
developed
countries

5. 6 Cindy-Lee
Dennis,Ellen
HodnettRuth
Gallop,Beverle
y Chalmers-
2002
The effectof
peersupport
on breast-
feeding
duration
among
primiparous
women:a
randomized
controlledtrial
256 breast-feedingmothers
from2 semi-urban
community
hospitalsnearTorontoand
randomlyassignedtoa
control group (conventional
care) or a peersupport
group(conventional care
plustelephone-based
support,initiatedwithin48
hoursafterhospital
discharge,froma woman
experiencedwithbreast-
feedingwhoattendeda2.5-
hour orientationsession).
Follow-upof breast-feeding
duration,maternal
satisfactionwith infant
feeding
methodandperceptionsof
peersupportreceivedwas
conductedat 4, 8 and 12
weekspostpartum.
Significantlymore mothersinthe peer
supportgroupthan in the control
groupcontinuedtobreast-feedat3
monthspostpartum (81.1% v. 66.9%, p=
0.01) and didsoexclusively(56.8%v.
40.3%, p= 0.01). Breast-feedingratesat
4, 8 and 12 weekspostpartumwere
92.4%, 84.8% and 81.1% respectively
amongthe mothersinthe peersupport
group,as comparedwith83.9%, 75.0%
and 66.9% amongthose inthe control
group(p≤0.05 for all time periods).The
correspondingrelative riskswere 1.10
(95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–2.72)
at 4 weeks,1.13 (95% CI 1.00–1.28) at 8
weeksand1.21 (95% CI 1.04–1.41) at
12 weekspostpartum.Inaddition,when
askedforan overall ratingof their
feedingexperience,significantlyfewer
mothersinthe peersupportgroupthan
inthe control groupwere dissatisfied
(1.5% v.10.5%) (p= 0.02). Of the 130
motherswhoevaluatedthe peersupport
intervention,81.6%were satisfiedwith
theirpeervolunteerexperience and
100% feltthatall newbreast-feeding
mothersshouldbe offeredthispeer
supportintervention.
The telephone-basedpeer
supportinterventionwas
effectivein
maintainingbreast-feeding
to 3 monthspostpartum
and improvingsatisfaction
withthe infantfeeding
experience.The high
satisfactionwithand
acceptance of
the interventionindicates
that breast-feedingpeer
supportprograms,in
conjunctionwith
professionalhealth
services,are effective.
7 Lucy Ingram
BSc
(Midwifery),
Christine
MacArthur
PhD,Khalid
Effectof
antenatal peer
supporton
breastfeeding
initiation:a
systematic
a systematicreviewof
randomizedcontrolledtrials,
quasi-randomizedtrialsand
cohort studieswith
concurrentcontrols.
We selected11studies,whichinvolved
5445 womenintotal.Sevenof these
studies(involving4416 womenintotal)
evaluateduniversal peersupport,and
fourstudies(involving1029 womenin
total) targetedantenatal peersupport.In
Universal antenatal peer
supportdoesnotappear to
improve ratesof
breastfeedinginitiation,
but targetedantenatal
peersupportmaybe

6. KhanMBBS,
JonathanJ.
DeeksPhD,
Kate Jolly
MBChB - 2010
review the three high-qualitystudiesof universal
peersupport,all involvinglow-income
women,the relative riskfornotinitiating
breastfeedingwas0.96 (95% CI 0.76–
1.22). In the three highqualitystudiesof
antenatal peersupportthattargeted
womenconsideringbreastfeeding,the
relative riskfornotinitiating
breastfeedingwas0.64 (95% CI 0.41 –
0.99).
beneficial.Thiseffectmay
be relatedtocontext,
however,soanynewpeer-
supportprogram should
undergoconcurrenthigh-
qualityevaluation
8 JennyIngram-
2013
A mixed
methods
evaluationof
peersupportin
Bristol,UK:
mothers’,
midwives’and
peer
supporters’
viewsandthe
effectson
breastfeeding
Mothersreceivingthe peer
supportservice were invited
to complete anon-line
surveycoveringinfant
feeding;breastfeeding
support;and confidence in
breastfeeding(usingthe
BreastfeedingSelf-Efficacy
Scale).
Semi-structuredinterviews
and a focusgroup explored
perceptionsof mothers,
midwivesandpeer
supporters.
The effectsof the service on
breastfeedingrateswere
documentedandcompared
163 motherscompletedthe on-line
survey;25 participantswere interviewed
(14 mothers,7 peer
supportersand4 maternityhealth
professionals);exclusive andtotal
breastfeedingratesforinitiationandat
8 weekswere comparedfor12 months
before andafterthe service started.
The targetedpeersupportservice was
associatedwithsmall non-significant
increasesinbreastfeedingrates,
(particularlyexclusive breastfeeding),
comparedto the restof the city.The
service wasverypositivelyevaluated
by mothers,healthprofessionalsand
peersupporters.Mothersfeltthatpeer
supportincreasedtheirconfidence
to breastfeed;peersupportersfoundthe
contacts rewarding,enjoyableand
importantformothers;midwivesand
maternitysupportworkerswere positive
aboutthe continuityof anantenatal visit
and postnatal supportfrom
the same local supporter.
The introductionof a
targetedpeersupport
service wasassociatedwith
psycho-social benefitsfor
mothers,health
professionalsandpeer
supporters.Continuityof
peersupportwithan
antenatal visitand
postnatal
supportfromthe same
local supporterwasalso
thoughtto be beneficial

7. 9 Gabriel
Agboado,
Elaine Michel,
Elaine
Jackson,Arpan
a Verma–
2010
Factors
associatedwith
breastfeeding
cessationin
nursing
mothersina
peersupport
programme in
Eastern
Lancashire
Data on mothersfrom
BlackburnwithDarwen
(BwD) andHyndburnin
EasternLancashire whogave
birthat the Royal Blackburn
Hospital andinitiated
breastfeedingwhilein
hospital were linkedtothe
Index of Multiple
Deprivation(IMD).The data
were analysedtodescribe
infantfeedingmethodsupto
6 monthsandthe
associationbetween
breastfeedingcessation,and
maternal factorsand in-
hospital infantfeeding
practices.
The mean breastfeedingdurationwas
21.6 weeks(95%CI 20.86 to 22.37 weeks)
and the mediandurationwas27 weeks
(95% CI 25.6 to 28.30 weeks).White
motherswere 69% more likelytostop
breastfeedingcomparedwithnon-White
mothers(HR:0.59; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.67
[White motherswere the reference
group]).Breastfeedingcessationwasalso
independentlyassociatedwithparityand
infantfeedingpracticesinhospital.There
were nosignificantassociationsbetween
breastfeedingcessationandmarital
status,mode of delivery,timingof
breastfeedinginitiationandsocio-
economicdeprivation.
In thisstudyethnicity,
parityand in-hospital
infantfeedingpractices
remainedindependent
predictorsof breastfeeding
cessationinthispeer
supportsetting.However
otherrecognised
predictorssuchas marital
status,mode of delivery,
timingof breastfeeding
initiationandsocio-
economicdeprivationwere
not foundtobe associated
withbreastfeeding
cessation.
10 Kate
Jollys,Lucy
Ingram,Khalid
S Khan
,JonathanJ
Deeks,Nick
Freemantle
,Christine Mac
Arthur
Systematic
review of peer
supportor
breastfeeding
continuation:m
etaregression
analysisof the
effectof
setting,intensit
y,andtiming
Study selection,data
abstraction,and quality
assessmentwere carried out
independently and
induplicate.Risk ratios and
95% confidence intervals
were calculated for
individual studies and
pooled.Effects were
estimated for studies
groupedaccording to setting
(high income countries,low
or middle income
countries,and the United
Kingdom),intensity (<5 and
≥5planned contacts),and
Peer support interventions had a
significantly greater effect on any
breastfeeding in low or middle income
countries (P<0.001),reducing the risk of
not breastfeeding at all by 30%(relative
risk 0.70,95% confidence interval 0.60 to
0.82) compared with a reduction of 7%
(0.93,0.87 to 1.00) in high income
countries.Similarly,the risk of non-
exclusive breastfeeding decreased
significantly more in low or middle
income countries than in high income
countries:37%(0.63,0.52 to 0.78)
compared with 10%(0.90,0.85 to
0.97);P=0.01.No significant effect on
breastfeeding was observed in UK based
Although peer support
interventions increase
breastfeedingcontinuation
in low or middle income
countries,especially
exclusive
breastfeeding,this doesnot
seem to apply in high
income countries,
particularly the United
Kingdom,where
breastfeeding support is
part of routine post natal
healthcare.Peersupportof
low intensity does not
seemtobe effective.Policy

8. timing of peer
support(postnatal period
with or without antenatal
care),and analysed using
meta regression for anyand
exclusive breastfeeding at
last study follow-up.
studies.Peersupport had a greater effect
on anybreastfeedingrateswhengiven at
higher intensity (P=0.02)and only
delivered in the postnatal period
(P<0.001),although no differences were
observed of its effect on exclusive
breastfeedingrates byintensity ortiming.
relating to provision of
peer support should be
based on more specific
evidence on setting and
any new peer services in
high income countries
need to undergo
concurrent evaluation