Web offset printing is a printing technique where the ink is transferred to a rubber blanket cylinder before being printed onto the paper. There are two main types of web offset printing machines: newspaper printing machines capable of printing at speeds up to 900 meters per minute, and commercial web offset machines. Key aspects of web offset printing include the multi-unit design where each unit has plate cylinders, blanket cylinders, and drying processes to print and dry the ink between each successive color. The document then provides diagrams and descriptions of the various components involved in web offset printing, from the printing units to the reeling, drying, and folding of the finished printed material.
Printing is one of those inventions that have revolutionized our world and is the most important fundamental practices in our society. Nothing is more essential to civilization intellectually or commercially, than printing. Printing is widely used in our society to pass on information and to decorate objects. Printing is a process for reproducing text and images, typically with ink on paper using a printing press. It is often carried out as a large scale industrial process, and is an essential part of publishing and transaction printing.
Tags
Aluminium Offset Printing Plate, Aluminum Printing Plate, Application of Screen Printing, cheap ways to do screen printing, Computer Forms & Security Printing Press, desktop publishing tutorial, Digital Printing Inks, flexographic printing business plan, Flexographic Printing Inks, Flexographic Printing: Technical Process, Flexography Printing Process, Gravure Printing industry, gravure printing process, gravure printing technology pdf, Great Opportunity for Startup, How to Make a Screen Print, how to make offset printing plate full processes, how to set up a printing press business, How to Start a Printing Press Business - Startup Business, How to Start a Successful Printing Press Business, How to Start My Own Small Printing Business, How to Start Printing Industry in India, How to Start Up a Printing Business, Modern Printing Process, Modern Printing Technology book, Modern Printing Technology, Modern Technology of Printing & Writing Inks, Most Profitable Printing Business Ideas, Offset printing plates, offset printing press business plan, Offset printing technology, Offset Printing: Start Your Business, Opening a Printing Press Business, Pad Printing Inks, Printing and paper Technology, Printing Based Small Scale Industries, printing business ideas in India, Printing Business, Printing Industry in India, printing inks types, printing press business ideas, printing press business plan, Printing processes: Offset, Flexo, Gravure, Printing Technologies –Flexo Printing –Gravure Printing, Process technology books, Profitable Small Scale Printing Business, project for startups, Rotogravure printing - Rotogravure printing process, Scrap Offset Printing Aluminium PS Plate, Screen Printing Inks, screen printing process, Screen Printing Techniques, screen printing tutorial, Security Printing and Integrated Forms, Security Printing, Setting up and opening your Printing Business, Small Start-up Business Project, Start a Security Printing Business, Start up India, Stand up India, Starting a Printing Business, Starting an Offset Printing Press, Start-up Business Plan for Printing Process, startup ideas, Startup Project for Printing Business, startup project plan, Web Offset Machines, What Equipment Do I Need to Start a Printing Business?, What is Desktop Publishing?,
Description: Colour is used to impress and strengthen the brand of advertised products or the magazine itself Colour management is standardising how colour is reproduced in different stages of the workflow from camera to proofing and printing
Flexographic Printing vs. Digital PrintingLabelValue.com
Ever wondered what the difference was between flexographic printing and digital? Learn the difference and what the benefits and drawbacks of each printing solution are.
This presentation is brought to you by FESPA thanks to Ad Versteeg of Evident. It is for viewing only. If you would like to purchase a copy in English, please contact chris.smith@fespa.com.
Printing is one of those inventions that have revolutionized our world and is the most important fundamental practices in our society. Nothing is more essential to civilization intellectually or commercially, than printing. Printing is widely used in our society to pass on information and to decorate objects. Printing is a process for reproducing text and images, typically with ink on paper using a printing press. It is often carried out as a large scale industrial process, and is an essential part of publishing and transaction printing.
Tags
Aluminium Offset Printing Plate, Aluminum Printing Plate, Application of Screen Printing, cheap ways to do screen printing, Computer Forms & Security Printing Press, desktop publishing tutorial, Digital Printing Inks, flexographic printing business plan, Flexographic Printing Inks, Flexographic Printing: Technical Process, Flexography Printing Process, Gravure Printing industry, gravure printing process, gravure printing technology pdf, Great Opportunity for Startup, How to Make a Screen Print, how to make offset printing plate full processes, how to set up a printing press business, How to Start a Printing Press Business - Startup Business, How to Start a Successful Printing Press Business, How to Start My Own Small Printing Business, How to Start Printing Industry in India, How to Start Up a Printing Business, Modern Printing Process, Modern Printing Technology book, Modern Printing Technology, Modern Technology of Printing & Writing Inks, Most Profitable Printing Business Ideas, Offset printing plates, offset printing press business plan, Offset printing technology, Offset Printing: Start Your Business, Opening a Printing Press Business, Pad Printing Inks, Printing and paper Technology, Printing Based Small Scale Industries, printing business ideas in India, Printing Business, Printing Industry in India, printing inks types, printing press business ideas, printing press business plan, Printing processes: Offset, Flexo, Gravure, Printing Technologies –Flexo Printing –Gravure Printing, Process technology books, Profitable Small Scale Printing Business, project for startups, Rotogravure printing - Rotogravure printing process, Scrap Offset Printing Aluminium PS Plate, Screen Printing Inks, screen printing process, Screen Printing Techniques, screen printing tutorial, Security Printing and Integrated Forms, Security Printing, Setting up and opening your Printing Business, Small Start-up Business Project, Start a Security Printing Business, Start up India, Stand up India, Starting a Printing Business, Starting an Offset Printing Press, Start-up Business Plan for Printing Process, startup ideas, Startup Project for Printing Business, startup project plan, Web Offset Machines, What Equipment Do I Need to Start a Printing Business?, What is Desktop Publishing?,
Description: Colour is used to impress and strengthen the brand of advertised products or the magazine itself Colour management is standardising how colour is reproduced in different stages of the workflow from camera to proofing and printing
Flexographic Printing vs. Digital PrintingLabelValue.com
Ever wondered what the difference was between flexographic printing and digital? Learn the difference and what the benefits and drawbacks of each printing solution are.
This presentation is brought to you by FESPA thanks to Ad Versteeg of Evident. It is for viewing only. If you would like to purchase a copy in English, please contact chris.smith@fespa.com.
Offset printing has the largest range of printing products, from visiting cards to newspapers, magazines, catalogues or illustrated books.
We distinguish between sheet offset printing and web offset printing.
Offset printing is one of the best latest computerized method. China sign co offer offset printer services at competitive prices , For more information contact at http://www.chinasignco.com
High Speed,Superior Print Quality,Industrial Grade Robust Build,Best Indoor Outdoor Application Printer,Super-effective Evaporative Drying System,independent drive technology IN polo TURBO drives each nozzle independently to achieve high speed production up to 2800 sq ft/hr
The fully Automatic high performance Paper Cone production line from Sodaltech is designed for efficient manufacturing of paper cones in various sizes required by the spinning industry. The production line comprises the following machines:
1. Automatic Cone Making Machine with Cone Drier
2. Automatic Cone Finishing Machine
This production line facilitates cost-effective results in comparison with production with individual operation.
For any other assistance, please contact our sales team on sales@sodaltech.net or call us @ (+91)9952429595.
whatsapp:+91-8754987519
www.sodaltech.com
Presentation done at Printwear & Promotion Live 2016 during the Screen Printing Workshops.
Explore how to design a screen making room.
Summary:
Screen making is the most important part of the screen printing process
Designing a practical, efficient screen making department does not cost much and can mean the difference between profit and loss
Start Your Own Printing Business. Offset, Gravure, Flexo and Screen PrintingAjjay Kumar Gupta
Printing is one of those inventions that have revolutionized our world and is the most important fundamental practices in our society. Nothing is more essential to civilization intellectually or commercially, than printing. Printing is widely used in our society to pass on information and to decorate objects. Printing is a process for reproducing text and images, typically with ink on paper using a printing press. It is often carried out as a large scale industrial process, and is an essential part of publishing and transaction printing. From newspapers, books, the covers of magazines, of books, dictionaries, clothes, down to the different labels, printing is an art that pervades our entire day.
See more
http://goo.gl/ZORcis
https://goo.gl/nAxYS2
https://goo.gl/zFa9BR
https://goo.gl/WCBeqF
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Easy and Profitable Manufacturing Business Ideas You Can Start Now, Most Profitable New Manufacturing Business Ideas, Top Business Ideas in India with Low Budget, Low Investment Business Ideas in India, How You Can Start Small Business with Low Investment, Top Entrepreneur Ideas in India, How to Start Money Making Business - Start Your Own Profitable Business, Top Small Business Ideas for Beginners, Best Business Ideas in India with Small Investments for 2017, Startup Business Ideas, Top Best & Unique New Business Ideas to Start, Business Startup Ideas-Best Small Business Ideas, Small Business Ideas with Low Investment & High Profit, Top Best Small Business Ideas in India for Starting Small Business, New Profitable Small Business Ideas to Start Your Own Business, Business Ideas for Women Startups in India, Small Business Ideas to Start Today, New Small Business Ideas in India, How to Start Business?, Highly Profitable Small & Medium Industries for Entrepreneurs, Top Profitable Small Business Ideas with Small Capital, Manufacturing Business Ideas, Small Business Ideas in India with Low Budget, Best Small Business Ideas for Women in India, Popular Small Business Ideas in India for New Startup, Newest Innovative Small Business Ideas, Tips for Starting Your Own Business, Small Business Ideas in India for Small Towns, Profitable Small Business Ideas-How to Make Money, How to Start Business Ideas Startup Plan, Small Business Ideas in India with Best Capital, Easy Small Business Ideas to Start, Low Investment Business Ideas, Small Business Ideas to Start Today, Ways to Make Money, Simple Low Cost Business Ideas, Very Low Budget Best Business Idea, Small Business But Big Profit in India, Low Investment Business Ideas, Self-Employment Ideas, Low Cost Small Business Ideas that Actually Work
A.T.E. provides a range of solutions for textile printing including screen engraving, printing paste preparation, sample, rotary and flat-bed printing, steaming, curing and washing, from some of the best-known textile machinery manufacturers in the world. Click on the link below to learn more.
Printing Technology - How to Start a Successful Printing Press Business (Offs...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Printing is one of those inventions that have revolutionized our world and is the most important fundamental practices in our society. Nothing is more essential to civilization intellectually or commercially, than printing. Printing is widely used in our society to pass on information and to decorate objects. Printing is a process for reproducing text and images, typically with ink on paper using a printing press. It is often carried out as a large scale industrial process, and is an essential part of publishing and transaction printing.
See more
http://goo.gl/ZORcis
http://goo.gl/jxLaKP
http://goo.gl/RxDCzn
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Application of Screen Printing, best small and cottage scale industries, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Flexible Packaging Printing Processes Overview, flexographic printing business plan, flexographic printing process pdf, Flexographic Printing: Technical Process, Flexography Printing Process, gravure printing process, gravure printing technology pdf, Great Opportunity for Startup, halftone process: printing, how much does it cost to start a printing business, How to Make a Screen Print, how to set up a printing press business, How to Start a Printing Business, How to Start a Printing Press Business - Startup Business, How to Start a Successful Printing Press Business, How to Start and Operate a Printing Press Business, How to Start My Own Small Printing Business, How to Start Printing Industry in India, How to Start Up a Printing Business, Modern Printing Technology, modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Printing Business Ideas, new small scale ideas in Printing industry, NPCS, offset printing press business plan, Offset Printing: Start Your Business, Opening a Printing Press Business, Printing Based Small Scale Industries, printing business equipment, printing business ideas, printing business ideas in india, Printing Business, Printing Industry in India, printing press business ideas, printing press business plan, Printing processes: Offset, Flexo, Gravure, screen, Printing Technologies –Flexo Printing –Gravure Printing, Printing Technology book, Process technology books, profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Printing Business, project for startups, Rotogravure printing - Rotogravure printing process, screen printing process, screen printing tutorial, Setting up and opening your Printing Business, Setting up of Printing Business, Small Start-up Business Project, Start up India, Stand up India, Starting a Printing Business, Starting an Offset Printing Press, Start-up Business Plan for Printing Process, startup ideas, Startup Project, Startup Project for Printing Business, startup project plan,
Advance Research in Textile Engineering is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Textile Engineering.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for researchers to find most recent advances in all areas of Textile Engineering. Advance Research in Textile Engineering accepts original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of Textile Engineering.
Advance Research in Textile Engineering strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Austin Chemical Engineering is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles related to original and novel fundamental research in the field of Chemical Engineering. We are endowed with a faculty who are dedicated Editorial members and distinguished researchers that carry out cutting-edge research in all modern areas of chemical engineering, as well as in inter-disciplinary areas like nanosciences and technology, biosciences, soft matter physics, novel materials, high-performance computing and large multicentre studies of new therapies. It also provides state-of-the-art reviews on clinical and experimental therapies in chemical Engineering.
The journey through our website will provide you the information on our research efforts in science and engineering, the people, the place, the future plans and opportunities.
Austin Chemical Engineering is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles related to original and novel fundamental research in the field of Chemical Engineering.
Advance Research in Textile Engineering is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Textile Engineering.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for researchers to find most recent advances in all areas of Textile Engineering. Advance Research in Textile Engineering accepts original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of Textile Engineering.
Advance Research in Textile Engineering strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Advance Research in Textile Engineering is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Textile Engineering.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in all areas of Textile Engineering. Advance Research in Textile Engineering accepts original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of Textile Engineering.
Advance Research in Textile Engineering strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Austin Tissue Engineering is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Tissue Engineering.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in all areas of Tissue Engineering. Austin Tissue Engineering accepts original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of Tissue Engineering.
Austin Tissue Engineering strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Printer’s Discussion Points with Clients
What issues do you experience with short runs?
Describe your typical concerns with job turnaround times
Have you any concerns regarding print quality?
Are your print runs longer than you need?
In what way would you want more flexibility?
Do you have customer retention problems?
Are your environmental objectives being met by your current print provider?
Customer Needs – Generic Issues
How to reduce the price paid for print
Desire to maintain / increase print quality
Concerned about their run lengths e.g. obsolescence
Questioning the lack of flexibility of their current provider
May want to version their printed collateral
May want to personalize their content
How to be more inspirational to their customers
What is your value proposition for the following application types?
Short-run
On demand
Proofing (e.g. proofing for packing is high value)
Versioning
Printing shels & overprint
Implement web-to-print
Printer’s Needs – Generic Issues
Concern regarding decreasing profit margins
Desire to grow turnover
Need to reduce waste and other costs
Difficult to strengthen relationships with clients
Need to grow revenue from targeted customers
Concerned as to how to differentiate yourselves from the competition
What are we selling?
Improved flexibility
Speed of turnaround
Industry leading quality
Highest level of service
Improved ROI based on print spend
Web-to-Print versatility / convenience
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
5. Printing technology Web offset printing Drying oven Hot air Inlet temperature > 200°C Web temperature approx. 120°C The length of the oven is very important
6. Printing technology Web offset printing 1 Automatic storage web changer 2 Drawing-in apparatus 3 Floating indent apparatus 4 Rubber against rubber printing apparatus 5 Continuous main shaft 6 Paper catching device 7 Dryer 8 Cooling unit 9 Numbering apparatus 10 Silicon-coating 11 Perforating apparatus 12 Wet coating unit 13 Plough fold 14 Turning bars 15 Former MAN-Roland Octoman
10. Printing technology Web offset printing Paper web in one unit Plate cylinder Blanket cylinder Plate cylinder Blanket cylinder Paper web Colour absorption Water absorption Moisture resistance pH5 No deformation Resistant against cracking of the colour
Ovens; drying principle : A Heatset offset printing machine is provided with a hot air oven to let the colour dry more quickly. The modern ovens are divided in two or three segments with respectively different temperatures , from approx. 250°C to approx. 100°C. At the end of the oven, the paper has a temperature of approx. 120°C, depending on the paper quality and the gram weight. The colours include pigment, fixing agents and solvents. By evaporating the solvents out of the colour, the colour dries. The length of a drying oven is very important. As rule of thumb it can be assumed that the paper has to be 1 second in the oven to let the colour dry, this means one press running with 10 m per second requires an oven length of 10 m.
Paper guidance in the press: With the Heatset Rotation Offset printing is carried out from a web. The section of the machine, in which the web is suspended and unwound is called unwinder or “paster". It is possible to suspend two webs at the same time, in order to be able to change nonstop while printing. In order to obtain the correct tensile stress for the paper web, the unwinding unit is provided with a brake which is adjusted depending on the weight. The paper is running from the web via a storage chamber (this is required for a nonstop-change) to the feeding system, where the web is kept in the centre by means of web controls. Once the paper web is running slightly to the left or right, a correction is immediately carried out. Afterwards, the paper web is reaching the printing units where the paper is printed on both sides at the same time. After printing, the web with wet colour is running through an oven, where the colour is dried by means of hot air. The paper web heated up in the oven is afterwards cooled down by several chill rolls. By varying the speed of the chill rolls, it is possible to adapt the tensile strength of the web also in this section. After the chill rolls, a thin silicon coating is applied on the printed web, which is afterwards folded.
Web profile : The web profile of the reel must be optimal in order to guarantee a good paper guidance. The word sound hardness, meaning the winding hardness of a reel, will surely be familiar to you. Important is that the winding hardness is uniform over the entire width. A simple control method is to tap off the web on the width with a wooden slat with the sound nearly being the same everywhere. If hard and soft sounds are audible the web profile is not good. In Germany, this phenomenon is called water pocket. A professional measuring method of the control is the one with a Schmidt hammer, with which the winding hardness can be measured and shown in the width in a graphic. Reels with bad web profile, among other things with soft edges, often create passer and doubler problems. The part of the web with a low winding hardness is not drawn tightly by the web tension control and will start to hurl. In extreme cases, this problem may even generate cockles which my sometimes lead to a web cracker. Doubling is a phenomenon which occurs if one or several colours are double printed so that a shadow picture is generated at the same time. Passer difference means that the colours are not above each other. The general rule for this type of problems is to produce 2 to 3000 sections and if the problem still occurs, the reel has to be taken out of the press and has to be sorted out.
Rotary press: 1 unit In the prepress phase the original picture is separated into 4 single-colour pictures by means of filters. In the four colour offset printing there are thus 4 plates: black, cyan, magenta and yellow. The printing process described above is therefore passed through four times in order to receive a full colour print. In case of the sheet printing presses this is carried out in one or several passages depending on the number of printing units in the press. With web presses this is principally carried out in one working phase. The printing unit on the picture is a Blanket-to-blanket-type: the paper web is printed at both sides at the same time. The two rubber blankets rest on each other. The paper web is led through the two rubber blankets. Rotary offset therefore means: Printing from the web, according to the offset process. With the high rates in the rotary offset on coated paper types, self-drying of the colour is insufficient. Additional drying is necessary. This additional drying is carried out by means of a hot-air oven coupled to the press. The colours are matched hereto. The full term for the printing process we mostly use for our web qualities is thus : Heatset Rotation Offset .
Relation colour / water / paper : The paper quality plays an important roll in relation to the water and the colour absorption capability in the printing result and has to meet several requirements, among which you can find: A good absorption to support drying and adhesion of the colour. The paper has to absorb the water quickly and uniformly to avoid that the following colour is badly printed after printing the first colour as the water film coming onto the paper when printing the single colours is not completely absorbed by the paper (repelling of the colour). If insufficient water is absorbed by the paper, the colour may start to emulsify (= to mix with water), influencing the printing quality and the drying properties extremely in a negative way. The paper has to be resistant against fountain solution with a pH of approx. 5 (the coating layer should not detach). In case of a contact with moisture the paper should practically not deform . The paper surface has to be resistant against the forces being released during cracking of the colour if the paper loosens from the rubber blanket.
Folding and folding problems : A rotation press is provided with a folding unit in which the printed paper is folded in line to the folds. The first fold is mostly carried out on a funnel , the so-called former. After this former, the paper web is cut-off. An A4-size machine is mostly cut off in a length of 63 cm. The second fold is a cylinder fold , the third is a knife fold . Now we have a completely ready fold . The paper web is fairly dried out in the drying ovens. This has a negative influence on the solidity of the paper which becomes fragile. During folding this may lead to a breaking of the paper on the fold which becomes so thin that it even tears. During the quality control in the paper mill the paper is checked among other things for the remaining break load, i. e. the strength which the paper shows after drying and folding. The breaking on the fold may be the result of a too low remaining break load; however, often it can be put down to the strong drying in the pressure press, to too sharp folding or to a faulty stitching on the gather stitcher.
![Printing Technology Web offset printing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)