Scientific management, developed by Frederic Winslow Taylor in the 1880s-1890s, aimed to improve economic efficiency, especially labor productivity, through analyzing and optimizing workflows. It involved time and motion studies to eliminate unnecessary movements, specialization of tasks, establishment of performance standards, and use of monetary incentives. While scientific management improved productivity and reduced costs, it also faced criticism for potentially exploiting workers and creating monotony. Many of its principles of efficiency and standardization, however, remain relevant to modern management.

2. Scientific management, also called Taylorism was a theory of management that
analyzed and synthesized workflows.
Its main objective was improving economic efficiency, especially labour productivity.
It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the processes and to
management.
Its development began with Frederic Winslow Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s within
the manufacturing industries.

3. 
There is a necessity of focusing on training rather than finding the “right man,”
stating “In the past the man has been first; in the future the system must be first.”

Taylor demonstrated that maximum prosperity can exist only as the result of
maximum productivity.

Motion and time study - Taylor noted the enormous saving of time and increase in
output that could be obtained by eliminating unnecessary movements and
substituting faster movements.

"initiative and incentive“.

No room for wastage.

Specialisation (division of work)

Unity of command & direction.

4. 
Work study

Differential payment

Reorganization of supervision: (parity between authority and responsibility).

Scientific requirement and training.

5. 
Efforts to be utilized to the maximum – no room for wastage

Fitting workers to a particular task.

Greater specialization of activities with proper job design and time standards.

Establishment of performance standards.

Use of monetary incentives for increasing the productivity of workers.

6. 
Increase in production and productivity

Reduction in the cost of production

Better quality products

Better utilisation of resources

Better division of labour

Better working condaitions

Increased wages

Gains to consumers

Proper training of workers.

7. 
Device to speed up the workers

Monotony

Exploitation of workers

Discrimination between workers

Expensive

Over production

Absence of non wage scheme

“one best way” of doing work

Separation of planning from doing

One side approach

Too much specialization.

8. Although scientific management as a distinct theory or school of thought was obsolete
by the 1930s, most of its themes are still important parts of industries and
management today. These include analysis; work ethic; efficiency and elimination of
waste; standardization of best practices; etc.