How to build Peace?

1. Principles ofPrinciples of
PeacebuildingPeacebuilding
and Conflict Resolutionand Conflict Resolution
By: Mut Somoeun, M.EdBy: Mut Somoeun, M.Ed

2. 2
All people desire to live inAll people desire to live in
a world of peace anda world of peace and
harmony.harmony.

3. 3
BuddhaBuddha
“We are what we
think. All that we
are arises with our
thoughts. With our
thoughts, we make
the world.”

4. Conflict Begins within theConflict Begins within the
Individual.Individual.
SelfishnessUnselfishness

5. UNESCO ConstitutionUNESCO Constitution
“Since wars begin
in the minds of
men, it is in the
minds of men that
the defenses of
peace must be
constructed.”
Preamble

6. 6
Whole
Purpose
Mind
Body Self
Purpose
Dual PurposesDual Purposes

7. 7
SelfishnesSelfishnes
ss
Living only
for oneself
Lust
Exploitation
Prejudice
Gree
d
Vengeance
Arrogance
Basis for conflictBasis for conflict

8. 8
UnselfishnUnselfishn
essess
Living for others
Self-control
Service
Fairness
Generosity
Forgiveness
Humility
Basis for harmonyBasis for harmony

9. 9
Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela
“The first thing is to
be honest with
yourself. You can
never have an
impact on society if
you have not
changed yourself.”

10. o Spiritual sources of conflictSpiritual sources of conflict
Result of original ancestor’s separation from GodResult of original ancestor’s separation from God
and negative influence from evil spiritual forcesand negative influence from evil spiritual forces
o Individual sources of conflictIndividual sources of conflict
Disunity within the individual and confusion ofDisunity within the individual and confusion of
valuesvalues
o Family sources of conflictFamily sources of conflict
Family dysfunctions affect succeedingFamily dysfunctions affect succeeding
generations.generations.
o National/international sources of conflictNational/international sources of conflict
National policies affect future generations andNational policies affect future generations and
can lead to conflict within or between nations.can lead to conflict within or between nations.
Sources of ConflictSources of Conflict

11. 11
Individual CIndividual Choice:oice:
To resolve or repeat pastTo resolve or repeat past
conflictsconflicts
Past
Future
Each person passes
on either the problem
or the solution.

12. Does Fighting ResolveDoes Fighting Resolve
Conflict?Conflict?
Fighting can be necessaryFighting can be necessary
 For self-defenseFor self-defense
 To defend the weakTo defend the weak
Fighting does not resolve conflictFighting does not resolve conflict
 Defeating an enemy does not answerDefeating an enemy does not answer
his grievances or end his hatred.his grievances or end his hatred.
 The defeated are tempted to seekThe defeated are tempted to seek
revenge.revenge.

13. Basis for ConflictBasis for Conflict
ResolutionResolution
Lost Restored
State
of
Conflic
t
State of
Harmony
Indemnity conditions:Indemnity conditions:
Efforts to reverse theEfforts to reverse the
process by which theprocess by which the
original harmony was lost.original harmony was lost.

14. Restoration of ConflictRestoration of Conflict
Unselfishness
Selfishness
Right
Wrong
Broken
Relationship
Loving
Relationship

15. Steps in Conflict ResolutionSteps in Conflict Resolution
Step 1.Step 1. Self reflection &Self reflection &
reorientationreorientation
o Consider how one might haveConsider how one might have
dealt with the problemdealt with the problem
differently.differently.
o Take responsibility for one’sTake responsibility for one’s
contribution to the conflict.contribution to the conflict.

16. 16
“We never get rid of
an enemy by meeting
hate with hate; we
get rid of an enemy
by getting rid of
enmity.”
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

17. Steps in ConflictSteps in Conflict
ResolutionResolution
Step 2.Step 2. Reversal & restitutionReversal & restitution
o Address whatever caused the otherAddress whatever caused the other
to feel hurt and violated.to feel hurt and violated.
o Be open to efforts to reconcile.Be open to efforts to reconcile.
o Seek to correct injusticesSeek to correct injustices..

18. Steps in Conflict ResolutionSteps in Conflict Resolution
Step 3.Step 3. Reconciliation & renewalReconciliation & renewal
o Give up claim for retaliation.Give up claim for retaliation.
o Forgive and be open to receiveForgive and be open to receive
forgiveness.forgiveness.
o Resolve to help the other to change.Resolve to help the other to change.
o Foster good will.Foster good will.

19. Actions That Lead to PeaceActions That Lead to Peace
Humility:Humility: - Admitting to not always being right- Admitting to not always being right
- Being open to learn from others- Being open to learn from others
Generosity:Generosity: - Giving beyond convenience- Giving beyond convenience
- Giving unconditionally, without- Giving unconditionally, without
expectation of returnexpectation of return
Service:Service: - Showing acts of caring to meet others’- Showing acts of caring to meet others’
needsneeds
- Respecting the dignity of the recipient- Respecting the dignity of the recipient
- Reversing exploitation through service- Reversing exploitation through service

20. Giving even to those who have done oneGiving even to those who have done one
harmharm
o Converts the enemy into a friend.Converts the enemy into a friend.
o Reverses ancient patterns ofReverses ancient patterns of
abuse and revenge.abuse and revenge.
Greatest Act of Love:Greatest Act of Love:
Winning over one’s enemyWinning over one’s enemy

21. 21
Jesus ChristJesus Christ
“I say to you, love your
enemies, and pray for
those who curse you, do
good to those who hate
you, and pray for those
who persecute you, so
that you may be sons of
your Father in heaven.”
Matthew 5:44-46

22. 22
IslamIslam
“My Lord, who is the
greatest of Thy servants
in Thy estimation?”
“The one who forgives
when he is in a position
of power.”
Hadith of Baihaqi

23. What Is Needed?What Is Needed?
LeadershipLeadership
centered on truecentered on true
lovelove
AmbassadorsAmbassadors
for Peacefor Peace

24. Attitude of an Ambassador forAttitude of an Ambassador for
PeacePeace
o Show concern for both sides.Show concern for both sides.
o Affirm the value of both sides.Affirm the value of both sides.
o Gain trust from both sides that each is beingGain trust from both sides that each is being
treated fairly.treated fairly.
o Aim for a win-win outcome.Aim for a win-win outcome.
o Guide both sides beyond blame and accusation.Guide both sides beyond blame and accusation.

25. Mediation Skills: Towards theMediation Skills: Towards the
OffenderOffender
o Help the offender accept responsibility.Help the offender accept responsibility.
o Encourage admission of wrong.Encourage admission of wrong.
o Help the offender accept the challengeHelp the offender accept the challenge
of reconciliation.of reconciliation.
o Avoid labeling and blaming.Avoid labeling and blaming.
o Praise and offer a second chance.Praise and offer a second chance.

26. Mediation Skills: Towards theMediation Skills: Towards the
OffendedOffended
o Help the offended forgive and releaseHelp the offended forgive and release
grudges.grudges.
o Help the offended recognize own faults.Help the offended recognize own faults.
o Help the offended to accept an apology.Help the offended to accept an apology.
o Foster harmony and friendship with theFoster harmony and friendship with the
offender.offender.

27. Promoting Peace andPromoting Peace and
ReconciliationReconciliation
o Service programsService programs
o Sports competitionsSports competitions
o Cultural programsCultural programs
o Dialogue between religionsDialogue between religions
o Women as peacemakersWomen as peacemakers

28. 28
Mahatma GandhiMahatma Gandhi
“When I despair, I
remember that all
through history the
ways of truth and love
have always won.”

29. 29
Anwar SadatAnwar Sadat
“Any life that is lost in
war is a human life, be it
that of an Arab or Israeli.
Innocent children who
are deprived of the care
and compassion of their
parents are ours. They
are ours, be they living
on Arab or Israeli land.”
Speech to the Israeli
Knesset

30. 30
Rev. Sun Myung MoonRev. Sun Myung Moon
“The reason why God does
not punish an enemy is that
He is thinking of the
enemy’s parents, wife and
children who all love him.
When you understand that
heart of God, could you
take revenge on your
enemy?”

31. 31
Thank You!Thank You!