“The art of getting things done through people.”
- Mary Parker Follet
“Management is the process of planning, organising, leading and controlling the efforts of organisation members and of other organisational resources to achieve slated organisational goals.”
- James A.F. Stoner
This document provides an overview of management concepts. It begins by defining management and discussing its importance. It then examines the roles and functions of managers, including the four main functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. The document also explores theories of management including scientific management, administrative principles, and the Hawthorne studies. It analyzes how these theories shaped modern approaches to management and the importance of behavioral science concepts.
Management involves coordinating work through other people to be efficient and effective. Theories of management have evolved from classical approaches focusing on scientific principles to more modern behavioral approaches. Contemporary approaches emphasize contingency based on organizational circumstances. Management involves planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling at different levels from top management setting strategy to first-line supervision of entry-level employees.
The document traces the development of major management theories from historical backgrounds through current trends. It discusses early examples like Adam Smith's work on the division of labor. Major theories developed, including scientific management advocated by Taylor focusing on efficiency, administrative management by Weber and Fayol examining organizational structure, and behavioral management studying how managers motivate employees. Current trends addressed include globalization, workforce diversity, entrepreneurship, e-business, and the need for innovation and flexibility. Quantitative approaches using operations research and organizational behavior studies like Hawthorne also influenced management practices.
This document discusses organizational theories and management concepts. It begins by defining key terms like management, organization, and theories. It then summarizes three classic organization theories: classical, neoclassical, and modern structural. It also outlines principles and approaches within each theory. The document discusses strengths and weaknesses of each theory. Finally, it explores levels of management, management functions, skills, and styles.
The document discusses the evolution of management thinking over time from classical perspectives focused on efficiency and control to more humanistic approaches emphasizing employee satisfaction and engagement. It outlines management philosophies from scientific management to modern developments like learning organizations and knowledge management that seek flexible, adaptive solutions tailored to unique organizational contexts. The evolution reflects changing needs of organizations and new insights from fields like psychology about motivating and leading people.
This document provides a historical overview of management practices from 5000 BC to the present. It discusses early record keeping in Sumeria and Egypt, codes of law under Hammurabi, and wage incentives under Nebuchadnezzar. It then outlines the classical, humanistic, and management science perspectives on management and some of the key contributors to each, including scientific management theorists like Taylor, the bureaucratic model of Weber, and human relations researchers. Forces like social, political, and economic conditions are noted as shaping management approaches over time.
Chapter 2 The Evolution Of Management Theorymanagement 2
The document summarizes the evolution of management theory from the late 19th century to present. It traces the development of scientific management theory by Taylor and Gilbreth focused on efficiency. This was followed by administrative management theory emphasizing formal structure and Fayol's 14 principles of management. Behavioral management theory then arose, focusing on human factors, motivated by studies like Hawthorne and thinkers like Mary Parker Follett emphasizing participation. The evolution has involved an increasing focus on both efficiency and human/social aspects of organizing work.
Principle of Management lecture 05_classabir hossain
The document discusses the evolution of management thought from the pre-scientific period through classical, neo-classical, and modern theories. It covers key contributors and concepts including Taylor's scientific management principles, Fayol's administrative management principles, Weber's bureaucratic model, and the human relations movement led by Elton Mayo and the Hawthorne Experiments. The principles of management, importance of management theories, and criticism of scientific management are also summarized across multiple sections.
This document provides an overview of management concepts. It begins by defining management and discussing its importance. It then examines the roles and functions of managers, including the four main functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. The document also explores theories of management including scientific management, administrative principles, and the Hawthorne studies. It analyzes how these theories shaped modern approaches to management and the importance of behavioral science concepts.
Management involves coordinating work through other people to be efficient and effective. Theories of management have evolved from classical approaches focusing on scientific principles to more modern behavioral approaches. Contemporary approaches emphasize contingency based on organizational circumstances. Management involves planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling at different levels from top management setting strategy to first-line supervision of entry-level employees.
The document traces the development of major management theories from historical backgrounds through current trends. It discusses early examples like Adam Smith's work on the division of labor. Major theories developed, including scientific management advocated by Taylor focusing on efficiency, administrative management by Weber and Fayol examining organizational structure, and behavioral management studying how managers motivate employees. Current trends addressed include globalization, workforce diversity, entrepreneurship, e-business, and the need for innovation and flexibility. Quantitative approaches using operations research and organizational behavior studies like Hawthorne also influenced management practices.
This document discusses organizational theories and management concepts. It begins by defining key terms like management, organization, and theories. It then summarizes three classic organization theories: classical, neoclassical, and modern structural. It also outlines principles and approaches within each theory. The document discusses strengths and weaknesses of each theory. Finally, it explores levels of management, management functions, skills, and styles.
The document discusses the evolution of management thinking over time from classical perspectives focused on efficiency and control to more humanistic approaches emphasizing employee satisfaction and engagement. It outlines management philosophies from scientific management to modern developments like learning organizations and knowledge management that seek flexible, adaptive solutions tailored to unique organizational contexts. The evolution reflects changing needs of organizations and new insights from fields like psychology about motivating and leading people.
This document provides a historical overview of management practices from 5000 BC to the present. It discusses early record keeping in Sumeria and Egypt, codes of law under Hammurabi, and wage incentives under Nebuchadnezzar. It then outlines the classical, humanistic, and management science perspectives on management and some of the key contributors to each, including scientific management theorists like Taylor, the bureaucratic model of Weber, and human relations researchers. Forces like social, political, and economic conditions are noted as shaping management approaches over time.
Chapter 2 The Evolution Of Management Theorymanagement 2
The document summarizes the evolution of management theory from the late 19th century to present. It traces the development of scientific management theory by Taylor and Gilbreth focused on efficiency. This was followed by administrative management theory emphasizing formal structure and Fayol's 14 principles of management. Behavioral management theory then arose, focusing on human factors, motivated by studies like Hawthorne and thinkers like Mary Parker Follett emphasizing participation. The evolution has involved an increasing focus on both efficiency and human/social aspects of organizing work.
Principle of Management lecture 05_classabir hossain
The document discusses the evolution of management thought from the pre-scientific period through classical, neo-classical, and modern theories. It covers key contributors and concepts including Taylor's scientific management principles, Fayol's administrative management principles, Weber's bureaucratic model, and the human relations movement led by Elton Mayo and the Hawthorne Experiments. The principles of management, importance of management theories, and criticism of scientific management are also summarized across multiple sections.
The document discusses the history and evolution of management theories from the Industrial Revolution to modern times. It covers early theories like Taylorism that focused on scientific principles and efficiency. Later, theorists like Fayol, Weber, and McGregor proposed new frameworks related to bureaucracy, leadership behavior, and employee motivation. Contemporary theories addressed topics like Japanese business practices and the human aspects of organizations. Theories of management have important applications for nursing administration in areas like roles, behavior modification, and assessing motivation. Overall, the document emphasizes that workplaces are social environments and people are motivated by social and emotional factors beyond just economic interests.
Part of Management Process. How the management process evolved from the early years.
Many experts contributed for this evolution. I compiled the list and little bit history along with the theory developed by each contributor for this process.
The document discusses the classical approaches to management that emerged during the Industrial Revolution. It describes three major approaches: scientific management, which aimed to improve worker efficiency through time and motion studies; bureaucratic management, which emphasized rational organization structures and processes; and administrative management, which focused on management functions and principles like those outlined by Henri Fayol. The classical approaches sought to increase productivity and profitability in factories through principles of specialization, centralized decision-making, and rationalization of work.
This document provides an introduction to management concepts. It discusses the origins of management studies and some ancient writings on management. It defines management as the process of getting work done efficiently through others. The document outlines the nature, purpose, functions, levels of managers, managerial roles, skills, Fayol's 14 principles of management, recent trends, and the scientific management school established by Frederick Taylor which emphasized job analysis, time/motion study, and financial incentives. Taylor's approach was criticized for ignoring human factors and being dehumanizing.
This document provides an overview of classical management theories including scientific management, administrative management, and bureaucratic management. It discusses the key thinkers and principles of each theory such as Frederick Taylor's principles of scientific management focusing on efficiency, Henry Fayol's 14 principles of administrative management emphasizing the managerial functions of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling. It also notes some limitations of classical management theories such as their focus on economic incentives ignoring social and psychological needs, and assuming organizations are closed systems.
The document summarizes several theories of management thought and organizational theory that have evolved over time. It describes scientific management theory, administrative management theory including Weber's principles of bureaucracy, behavioral management/human relations theory, management science theory, and organizational environment/open systems theory. Each new theory built upon previous approaches to address their limitations and further the understanding of managing organizations effectively.
Classical & Neo classical theory of managementOliviaJustin
This document provides an overview of several management theories: classical theory, scientific management, administrative management, bureaucratic management, neo-classical theory, human relations theory, and behavioral science approach. It defines each theory, discusses their key contributors like Taylor, Fayol, and Mayo, and summarizes their main principles and concepts. The document traces the evolution of management thought from a focus on efficiency under classical theory to consideration of human factors in neo-classical, human relations, and behavioral theories.
The document summarizes the key contributors to classical organizational theory, including Frederick Taylor's scientific management theories, Henri Fayol's administrative management principles, Luther Gulick's expansion of Fayol's management functions, and Max Weber's ideal bureaucracy. It discusses some of their major ideas, such as Taylor's time and motion studies, Fayol's 14 management principles, Gulick's addition of budgeting as the 7th management function, and Weber's classification of authority and characteristics of rational-legal authority. The human relations movement emerged from the Hawthorne experiments in the 1920s-1930s, shifting focus to social and psychological factors.
Introduction to management and organizationBindu Bashini
This document defines management and outlines its key levels and functions. It provides definitions of management from Harold Koontz and discusses the three main levels of management - top, middle, and lower. For each level, it describes who makes up that level and their main roles and responsibilities. The document also outlines the main functions of management as planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It discusses the roles of managers as interpersonal, informational, and decisional. Finally, it discusses the skills needed by managers, including technical, human, and conceptual skills.
This document provides an overview of management principles and practices. It discusses key concepts from classical management thinkers like Taylor, Fayol, and Weber. It also summarizes more modern approaches like human relations theory, contingency theory, and systems theory. The document aims to give introductory ideas about basic management topics and encourage readers to use their knowledge to create social change as social entrepreneurs.
The document summarizes the evolution of management theory from the pre-scientific era through modern times. It traces the development of key theories like scientific management, administrative management, and behavioral management. Theories evolved in response to changing economic and social conditions from the industrial revolution onward as managers sought better ways to organize work and motivate employees for high performance.
The document outlines the evolution of management theory from the systematic approach of the late 19th century to the classical theories of scientific management, administrative management, and bureaucratic management that emerged in the early 20th century. It then discusses the human relations school and social system school that challenged aspects of the classical theories. The document provides definitions and background on key theorists and concepts within each approach to management theory.
This document provides an overview of management principles and concepts. It defines management as the process of guiding a group toward goals through planning, organizing, leading and controlling. It describes the key functions of management as planning, organizing, staffing, motivating and controlling. It discusses the evolution of management thought from scientific management to modern approaches. It also provides details on planning, organizing, objectives setting and types of organization structures.
Here are the key requirements for some common organizational resources:
Personnel:
- Recruit qualified candidates
- Onboard and train new hires
- Develop skills of current employees
- Manage performance and provide feedback
- Ensure adequate staffing levels
Technology:
- Hardware/software to support operations
- Systems for data management, security, backups
- Infrastructure for communication/collaboration
- Tools to improve efficiency and productivity
Finances:
- Revenue to cover expenses and growth needs
- Capital/funding sources for long-term investments
- Budgeting and expense management processes
- Financial reporting and accounting systems
Distribution:
- Warehousing and inventory management
- Transportation and logistics
The document traces the evolution of management theories from pre-historic times through scientific management, classical organizational theory, human relations approach, quantitative approaches, systems approaches, contingency approach, and total quality management. It summarizes key contributors and concepts within each approach.
Chapter two perspectives in management completeRam Kumar
The document discusses the evolution of early management theories from antiquity to modern times, including classical approaches like scientific management pioneered by Frederick Taylor which emphasized standardization, time studies, and incentives to increase efficiency. It also examines behavioral and quantitative perspectives and integrative frameworks incorporating different situational factors. The theories aimed to enhance organizational performance through principles of planning, organizing, controlling and motivating workers.
This document provides an overview of several foundational principles and theorists of management. It discusses the principles of management established by Henry Fayol including division of work, authority and responsibility, and unity of command. Frederick Taylor's scientific management approach is explained along with its elements like time and motion study. Other theorists covered include Peter Drucker, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Max Weber, and Mary Parker Follett. Their various contributions and perspectives on management concepts are summarized.
This document provides an overview of the evolution of management theory from early thinkers like Machiavelli and Sun Tzu to modern schools of management. It describes Scientific Management founded by Frederick Taylor based on time and motion studies. Classical Organization Theory developed by Henry Fayol emphasized division of work, authority, and discipline. Max Weber's bureaucratic model focused on hierarchy, rules, and impersonal relationships. Later theorists like Mary Parker Follett emphasized participative leadership and group network management.
The document discusses the key concepts and principles of management including the functions, roles, and evolution of management theory. It covers topics such as the definition of management, management functions like planning and organizing, types of managers, managerial roles and responsibilities, qualities of effective managers, and the historical development of management approaches from scientific management to modern human relations and contingency management.
Elton Mayo conducted the famous Hawthorne Experiments between 1927-1932 which studied how social and psychological factors impact productivity in the workplace. The experiments found that social bonds within work groups and feeling valued by management significantly increased worker output, more so than physical factors like lighting. Mayo concluded that work arrangements must satisfy both objective production needs but also employees' subjective needs for social satisfaction. The experiments demonstrated the importance of socio-psychological factors in maximizing productivity.
The document discusses key concepts in management including definitions, functions, levels, and the evolution of management thought. It provides definitions of management as a process involving planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The four main functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Management occurs at different organizational levels from first-line to middle to top managers. Early contributions to management concepts came from civilizations like the Romans, Babylonians, and Egyptians. Scientific management emerged in the late 19th/early 20th century focusing on operational efficiency. Other theorists like Fayol and Mintzberg further developed the field.
This document provides an overview of management principles and organizational behavior theories. It defines management and discusses it as both an art and a science. The document outlines the functions of management including planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It also discusses different management roles, skills needed by managers, and how the manager's job is changing with a focus on customers and innovation. Various approaches to management like scientific, human relations, and contingency approaches are introduced. The document also summarizes organizational behavior theories like Theory X and Theory Y that describe how employees may behave in organizations.
The document discusses the history and evolution of management theories from the Industrial Revolution to modern times. It covers early theories like Taylorism that focused on scientific principles and efficiency. Later, theorists like Fayol, Weber, and McGregor proposed new frameworks related to bureaucracy, leadership behavior, and employee motivation. Contemporary theories addressed topics like Japanese business practices and the human aspects of organizations. Theories of management have important applications for nursing administration in areas like roles, behavior modification, and assessing motivation. Overall, the document emphasizes that workplaces are social environments and people are motivated by social and emotional factors beyond just economic interests.
Part of Management Process. How the management process evolved from the early years.
Many experts contributed for this evolution. I compiled the list and little bit history along with the theory developed by each contributor for this process.
The document discusses the classical approaches to management that emerged during the Industrial Revolution. It describes three major approaches: scientific management, which aimed to improve worker efficiency through time and motion studies; bureaucratic management, which emphasized rational organization structures and processes; and administrative management, which focused on management functions and principles like those outlined by Henri Fayol. The classical approaches sought to increase productivity and profitability in factories through principles of specialization, centralized decision-making, and rationalization of work.
This document provides an introduction to management concepts. It discusses the origins of management studies and some ancient writings on management. It defines management as the process of getting work done efficiently through others. The document outlines the nature, purpose, functions, levels of managers, managerial roles, skills, Fayol's 14 principles of management, recent trends, and the scientific management school established by Frederick Taylor which emphasized job analysis, time/motion study, and financial incentives. Taylor's approach was criticized for ignoring human factors and being dehumanizing.
This document provides an overview of classical management theories including scientific management, administrative management, and bureaucratic management. It discusses the key thinkers and principles of each theory such as Frederick Taylor's principles of scientific management focusing on efficiency, Henry Fayol's 14 principles of administrative management emphasizing the managerial functions of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling. It also notes some limitations of classical management theories such as their focus on economic incentives ignoring social and psychological needs, and assuming organizations are closed systems.
The document summarizes several theories of management thought and organizational theory that have evolved over time. It describes scientific management theory, administrative management theory including Weber's principles of bureaucracy, behavioral management/human relations theory, management science theory, and organizational environment/open systems theory. Each new theory built upon previous approaches to address their limitations and further the understanding of managing organizations effectively.
Classical & Neo classical theory of managementOliviaJustin
This document provides an overview of several management theories: classical theory, scientific management, administrative management, bureaucratic management, neo-classical theory, human relations theory, and behavioral science approach. It defines each theory, discusses their key contributors like Taylor, Fayol, and Mayo, and summarizes their main principles and concepts. The document traces the evolution of management thought from a focus on efficiency under classical theory to consideration of human factors in neo-classical, human relations, and behavioral theories.
The document summarizes the key contributors to classical organizational theory, including Frederick Taylor's scientific management theories, Henri Fayol's administrative management principles, Luther Gulick's expansion of Fayol's management functions, and Max Weber's ideal bureaucracy. It discusses some of their major ideas, such as Taylor's time and motion studies, Fayol's 14 management principles, Gulick's addition of budgeting as the 7th management function, and Weber's classification of authority and characteristics of rational-legal authority. The human relations movement emerged from the Hawthorne experiments in the 1920s-1930s, shifting focus to social and psychological factors.
Introduction to management and organizationBindu Bashini
This document defines management and outlines its key levels and functions. It provides definitions of management from Harold Koontz and discusses the three main levels of management - top, middle, and lower. For each level, it describes who makes up that level and their main roles and responsibilities. The document also outlines the main functions of management as planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It discusses the roles of managers as interpersonal, informational, and decisional. Finally, it discusses the skills needed by managers, including technical, human, and conceptual skills.
This document provides an overview of management principles and practices. It discusses key concepts from classical management thinkers like Taylor, Fayol, and Weber. It also summarizes more modern approaches like human relations theory, contingency theory, and systems theory. The document aims to give introductory ideas about basic management topics and encourage readers to use their knowledge to create social change as social entrepreneurs.
The document summarizes the evolution of management theory from the pre-scientific era through modern times. It traces the development of key theories like scientific management, administrative management, and behavioral management. Theories evolved in response to changing economic and social conditions from the industrial revolution onward as managers sought better ways to organize work and motivate employees for high performance.
The document outlines the evolution of management theory from the systematic approach of the late 19th century to the classical theories of scientific management, administrative management, and bureaucratic management that emerged in the early 20th century. It then discusses the human relations school and social system school that challenged aspects of the classical theories. The document provides definitions and background on key theorists and concepts within each approach to management theory.
This document provides an overview of management principles and concepts. It defines management as the process of guiding a group toward goals through planning, organizing, leading and controlling. It describes the key functions of management as planning, organizing, staffing, motivating and controlling. It discusses the evolution of management thought from scientific management to modern approaches. It also provides details on planning, organizing, objectives setting and types of organization structures.
Here are the key requirements for some common organizational resources:
Personnel:
- Recruit qualified candidates
- Onboard and train new hires
- Develop skills of current employees
- Manage performance and provide feedback
- Ensure adequate staffing levels
Technology:
- Hardware/software to support operations
- Systems for data management, security, backups
- Infrastructure for communication/collaboration
- Tools to improve efficiency and productivity
Finances:
- Revenue to cover expenses and growth needs
- Capital/funding sources for long-term investments
- Budgeting and expense management processes
- Financial reporting and accounting systems
Distribution:
- Warehousing and inventory management
- Transportation and logistics
The document traces the evolution of management theories from pre-historic times through scientific management, classical organizational theory, human relations approach, quantitative approaches, systems approaches, contingency approach, and total quality management. It summarizes key contributors and concepts within each approach.
Chapter two perspectives in management completeRam Kumar
The document discusses the evolution of early management theories from antiquity to modern times, including classical approaches like scientific management pioneered by Frederick Taylor which emphasized standardization, time studies, and incentives to increase efficiency. It also examines behavioral and quantitative perspectives and integrative frameworks incorporating different situational factors. The theories aimed to enhance organizational performance through principles of planning, organizing, controlling and motivating workers.
This document provides an overview of several foundational principles and theorists of management. It discusses the principles of management established by Henry Fayol including division of work, authority and responsibility, and unity of command. Frederick Taylor's scientific management approach is explained along with its elements like time and motion study. Other theorists covered include Peter Drucker, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Max Weber, and Mary Parker Follett. Their various contributions and perspectives on management concepts are summarized.
This document provides an overview of the evolution of management theory from early thinkers like Machiavelli and Sun Tzu to modern schools of management. It describes Scientific Management founded by Frederick Taylor based on time and motion studies. Classical Organization Theory developed by Henry Fayol emphasized division of work, authority, and discipline. Max Weber's bureaucratic model focused on hierarchy, rules, and impersonal relationships. Later theorists like Mary Parker Follett emphasized participative leadership and group network management.
The document discusses the key concepts and principles of management including the functions, roles, and evolution of management theory. It covers topics such as the definition of management, management functions like planning and organizing, types of managers, managerial roles and responsibilities, qualities of effective managers, and the historical development of management approaches from scientific management to modern human relations and contingency management.
Elton Mayo conducted the famous Hawthorne Experiments between 1927-1932 which studied how social and psychological factors impact productivity in the workplace. The experiments found that social bonds within work groups and feeling valued by management significantly increased worker output, more so than physical factors like lighting. Mayo concluded that work arrangements must satisfy both objective production needs but also employees' subjective needs for social satisfaction. The experiments demonstrated the importance of socio-psychological factors in maximizing productivity.
The document discusses key concepts in management including definitions, functions, levels, and the evolution of management thought. It provides definitions of management as a process involving planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The four main functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Management occurs at different organizational levels from first-line to middle to top managers. Early contributions to management concepts came from civilizations like the Romans, Babylonians, and Egyptians. Scientific management emerged in the late 19th/early 20th century focusing on operational efficiency. Other theorists like Fayol and Mintzberg further developed the field.
This document provides an overview of management principles and organizational behavior theories. It defines management and discusses it as both an art and a science. The document outlines the functions of management including planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It also discusses different management roles, skills needed by managers, and how the manager's job is changing with a focus on customers and innovation. Various approaches to management like scientific, human relations, and contingency approaches are introduced. The document also summarizes organizational behavior theories like Theory X and Theory Y that describe how employees may behave in organizations.
This slide presentation will help students understand how management evolved and the significant approaches to make organizations more productive, effective, and efficient.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in management. It discusses the nature and definition of management, elements of management like planning and organizing, management theorists like Taylor and Fayol, and management functions. Some main points covered include:
- Management involves achieving organizational objectives through effective resource use.
- Planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling are core management functions.
- Taylor's scientific management principles aimed to optimize workflows while Fayol's principles focused on unity, authority and efficiency.
- The Hawthorne studies highlighted the social factors influencing worker productivity.
This document provides an overview of various models and theories of management thought from 1890 to present. It discusses early classical approaches from Taylor's scientific management to Fayol's administrative management. Contemporary approaches discussed include human relations theory, contingency theory and organizational behavior. Various management thinkers are summarized, including Follett, Mayo, Maslow, McGregor, Barnard, Mintzberg and Ouchi. The document also discusses models of nursing administration, including contextual factors, fields of inquiry, and the Canadian Association model and standards.
Principles of Management (MG 6851) Unit i AntBMaro
Topics Covered :
Definition of Management
Science or Art
Manager Vs Entrepreneur
Types of managers managerial roles and skills
Evolution of Management – Scientific, human relations , system and contingency approaches
Types of Business organization - Sole proprietorship, partnership, company-public and private sector enterprises
Organization culture and Environment
Current trends and issues in Management.
This document discusses the evolution of management thought over time from scientific management to modern systems approaches. It covers key theories and theorists such as:
1. Scientific Management by Taylor, focusing on controlling work through standardization.
2. Administrative Management by Weber and Fayol, emphasizing organizing the organization through principles of bureaucracy and management.
3. Behavioral Management influenced by Follett, focusing on leading and motivating employees by treating workers with respect and allowing their input.
4. Management Science applying quantitative techniques to planning and maximizing resources through tools like operations research.
5. Systems approaches viewing organizations as open systems that interact with their environment in planning.
The document also outlines common management functions
This document discusses concepts related to industrial management including administration, management, organization, and authority. It defines administration as decision making, policy making, and adjustments. Management is concerned with carrying out operations to accomplish aims. Organization determines duties and maintains authority relationships. Authority is the power to give orders and make decisions, while responsibility is the obligation to complete work.
Management involves achieving organizational goals through people. It includes planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. Early management theories focused on increasing efficiency and productivity. Scientific management emphasized analyzing tasks and establishing standards to optimize workflow. While increasing output, it was criticized for being too controlling and reducing creativity. Administrative management took a broader view of managing whole organizations. It laid the foundation for viewing management as a distinct function.
Performance management involves (1) identifying job functions and relating them to organizational goals, (2) developing performance standards, (3) providing regular feedback, and (4) conducting performance appraisals. The key benefits include focusing on results rather than activities, aligning work with goals, and treating employees fairly based on performance. Effective performance management includes establishing job descriptions, standards, observation, feedback, appraisal, and development.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key management concepts. It begins by defining management as "the art of getting things done through people" and as "a process consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling." It then discusses the nature and characteristics of management, functional areas of management including production, marketing, finance, and personnel, and levels of management from top to middle to front-line managers. The document also covers management theories including scientific management, administrative management, bureaucracy, and modern approaches such as quantitative, systems, and contingency theories. Finally, it addresses concepts related to the management functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling.
The document discusses several key concepts in management:
1. It defines management as tactfully managing men, technology, teams, competencies, objectives, and resources to achieve results.
2. Several management theorists are discussed, including their definitions of management and contributions to the field.
3. The five universal management functions are identified as planning, organizing, coordinating, motivating, and controlling.
Management involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the work of others to accomplish organizational goals. The key aspects of effective management include decision making, coordinating activities, utilizing resources, and adapting to changing environments. Management principles have evolved over time based on scientific experimentation and practical experience. Modern management approaches emphasize both the science of planning and measurement as well as the art of leadership and creativity. Effective management is important for organizations to function efficiently and achieve their objectives.
The document provides an introduction to management concepts including definitions of management, nature and characteristics of management, functional areas of management, levels of management, and approaches to management thought such as scientific management and administrative management. It discusses topics such as planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling as key functions of management. The document also outlines concepts like objectives, policies, procedures, and strategies that are important to the management process.
This chapter introduces key concepts of management and organizations. It defines management as the process of getting work done through others efficiently and effectively. The chapter outlines the four primary processes of management: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It differentiates between managers and operative employees and describes the three levels of managers. The chapter also discusses classical contributions to management theory, including scientific management pioneers like Taylor and administrative management theorists like Fayol and Weber.
The document summarizes the historical development of management perspectives from classical, scientific, administrative, and bureaucratic approaches to behavioral, quantitative, systems, contingency, and integrative frameworks. It discusses key contributors like Taylor, Fayol, Mayo, Maslow, and McGregor and their influences on management thought. Contemporary perspectives emphasize recognizing internal/external influences, contingency-based responses, and an integrative approach to enhance efficiency and understanding of individual/group behavior.
The document provides an overview of management and organizational concepts. It defines management as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources to efficiently and effectively achieve goals. Managers at different levels and in different areas carry out the management process. The management process and managerial roles have evolved over time through various classical and behavioral management perspectives that focused on scientific, administrative, and human aspects of organizations.
The document defines management and organizations, discusses the features and functions of management at different levels, and explores various management thinkers like Taylor, Fayol, and their contributions. It also covers managerial roles and functions, and the evolution of management thought over time from scientific management to administrative management. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the basic principles and concepts of management.
The document traces the evolution of management theory from early concepts like job specialization and scientific management to more modern approaches focused on human behavior, quantitative analysis, and adapting to environmental conditions. Early theories aimed to increase efficiency through specialized roles and standardized processes, while later concepts emphasized understanding worker motivation and allowing flexibility based on external factors facing the organization. A variety of perspectives have contributed to developing management practices suited to different situations over time.
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Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
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2. “The art of getting things done through people.”
- Mary Parker Follet
“Management is the process of planning, organising,
leading and controlling the efforts of organisation
members and of other organisational resources to
achieve slated organisational goals.”
- James A.F. Stoner
3. Science:
Any branch of knowledge to be considered a science (like – physics,
chemistry, biology etc.) should fulfill the following conditions:
The existence of a systematic body of knowledge encompassing a wide array
of principles;
The principle must explain a phenomenon by establishing cause – effect
relationship;
Over the years, thanks to the contributions of many thinkers and
practitioners, management, with its own principles has emerged as a
systematic body of knowledge.
4. Management may be considered as inexact
science because,
Management involves getting things done through people
The behavior of human beings cannot be accurately predicted
The output also varies
5. An Art:
refers to the ‘know-how’ – the ways of doing things to accomplish a
desired result.
As the saying goes ‘practice makes a man perfect; constant practice
of the theoretical aspects (knowledge base) contributes for the
formation and sharpening of the theory and practice. Therefore,
what is required is the right blend of the theory and practice.
6. Effective practice of any art requires a thorough understanding of
the science underlying it. The executives who attempt to manage
without the conceptual understanding of management principles
and techniques have to depend on luck or intuition.
Therefore, management is both a science and an art.
7. As a Profession:
These are the days where we are hearing a lot about
professional managers and their contribution to the
economic development of the nation.
Therefore, it is appropriate to know the other dimension
of management – whether it is a profession.
Since professionals are getting involved, it can be referred
to as a profession.
8. Environment: The environment of the business consists of two components
– internal and external environment.
Internal environment: refers to the various systems inside the
organization such as, technology, structure and people.
External environment: may be divided into two categories
1. Direct action environment: consisting of those factors
directly affecting the organization’s operations like suppliers, laws,
customers and competitors.
2. Indirect action environment: consists of those factors
that may not have an immediate direct effect like technology,
economic conditions, socio-cultural factors and political environment.
11. We can categorize organizational members in two ways:
Operatives work directly on a job or task and have no
responsibility for overseeing the work of others.
Managers direct the activities of other people in the
organization. Usually classified as top, middle, or first-line,
managers supervise both operative and lower-level managers.
1. First-line managers supervise the day-to-day activities of
operative employees.
2. Middle managers represent the level of management
between first-line managers and top management. These
managers translate the goals of top management into
specific details that lower-level managers can perform.
3. Top managers make decisions about the direction of the
organization and set policies that affect all organizational
members.
12. Conceptual skills for the top management
Human skills for the middle management
Technical skill for the lower management
13. “Business skills”
Using methods and techniques to perform a
task
Keeping up with the latest technology in your
job
13
14. “People skills”
Your relationships with all individuals and
groups
Understanding
Communicating
Motivating
Resolving conflict
Working as a team member
“It’s not what you know, it’s who you
know.”
Ethics
. 14
15. Select alternatives to solve problems
Take advantage of opportunities
Be able to conceptualize, diagnose and
analyze
Use math skills
Manage time
. 15
17. In the 1960s, Henry Mintzberg concluded that managers perform ten roles that can be
grouped around three themes: interpersonal relationships, information transfer,
and decision making.
Managers perform three types of interpersonal roles:
Figureheads perform ceremonial or symbolic roles.
Leaders train, motivate, and discipline employees.
Liaisons contact external information sources.
Managers perform three types of informational roles:
Monitors collect marketplace information from outside sources.
Disseminators transmit information to organizational members.
Spokespersons represent their organizations to outsiders.
Managers perform four types of decisional roles:
Entrepreneurs initiate and oversee new projects to improve organizational
performance.
Disturbance handlers take action to respond to unforeseen problems.
Resource allocators control human, mechanical, and monetary resources.
Negotiators bargain with others to gain advantage for their own units.
31. Adam Smith (18th century economist)
Observed that firms manufactured pins
in one of two different ways:
- Craft-style—each worker did all steps.
- Production—each worker specialized in
one step.
31
32. Adam Smith (18th century economist)
Realized that job specialization resulted in
much higher efficiency and productivity
Breaking down the total job allowed for the division of
labor in which workers became very skilled
at their specific tasks.
32
33. Scientific Management
The systematic study of the relationships between
people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the
work process for higher efficiency.
33
34. Defined by Frederick Taylor in the late
1800’s
Wanted to replace “rule of thumb”
Sought to reduce the time a worker spent on
each task by optimizing the way the task
was done.
34
35. 1) Study the ways jobs are performed now and
determine new ways to do them.
Gather detailed time and motion information.
Try different methods to see which is best.
2) Codify the new methods into rules.
Teach to all workers the new method.
3) Select workers whose skills match the rules.
4) Establish fair levels of performance and pay a
premium for higher performance.
Workers should benefit from higher output
35
36. Studied fatigue caused by lighting, heating, and
the design of tools and machines.
Time and motion studies
Breaking up each job action into its components.
Finding better ways to perform the action.
Reorganizing each job action to be more efficient.
36
38. 38
Rules – formal written instructions that specify
actions to be taken under different circumstances
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) – specific
sets of written instructions about how to perform
a certain aspect of a task
Norms – unwritten, informal codes of conduct
that prescribe how people should act in particular
situations
39. Division of Labor: allows for job specialization.
jobs can have too much specialization leading to poor
quality and worker dissatisfaction.
Authority and Responsibility
both formal and informal authority resulting from
special expertise.
Unity of Command
Employees should have only one boss.
39
40. Line of Authority
A clear chain of command from top to bottom of the
firm.
Centralization
The degree to which authority rests at the top of the
organization.
Unity of Direction
A single plan of action to guide the organization.
40
41. Equity - The provision of justice and the fair and
impartial treatment of all employees.
Order - The arrangement of employees where
they will be of the most value to the
organization and to provide career
opportunities.
Initiative - The fostering of creativity and
innovation by encouraging employees to act on
their own.
41
42. Discipline
Obedient, applied, respectful employees are
necessary for the organization to function.
Remuneration of Personnel
An equitable uniform payment system that motivates
contributes to organizational success.
42
43. Stability of Tenure of Personnel
Long-term employment is important for the development of
skills that improve the organization’s performance.
Subordination of Individual Interest to the Common
Interest
The interest of the organization takes precedence over that of
the individual employee.
Esprit de corps
Comradeship, shared enthusiasm foster devotion to the common
cause (organization).
43
44.
45. INTRODUCTION
The Hawthorne studies were conducted in
order to find out the role of human resource in
increasing the production of an organization.
The Hawthorne studies included the following
experiments..
46. Illumination Experiment
Relay Assembly Test Experiments
Plant Interview Group
Bank Wiring Observation Group
47.
48.
49.
50.
51. Research on productivity at massive manufacturing complexes like
the Hawthorne Works was made possible through partnerships
among industries, universities, and government. In the 1920s, with
support from the National Research Council, the Rockefeller
Foundation, and eventually Harvard Business School, Western
Electric undertook a series of behavioral experiments. The first, a
sequence of illumination tests from 1924 to 1927, set out to
determine the effects of lighting on worker efficiency in three
separate manufacturing departments. Accounts of the study
revealed no significant correlation between productivity and light
levels. The results prompted researchers to investigate other factors
affecting worker output.
52. Hawthorne Experiment
The Hawthorne experiment were first conducted in
November, 1924 at Western Electric Company’s Hawthorne
plant in Chicago
The initial tests were sponsored by The National Research
Council (NRC) of the National Academy of Sciences
In 1927, a research team from Harvard Business School
was invited to join the studies after the illumination test drew
unanticipated results
A team of researchers led by George Elton Mayo from the
Harvard Business School carried out the studies
(General Electric originally contributed funding, but they
withdrew after the first trial was completed)
53. • 1924-1927
• Funded by General Electric
• Conducted by The National Research Council (NRC) of the National
Academy of Sciences with engineers from MIT
• Measured Light Intensity vs. Worker Output
• Result :
– Higher worker productivity and satisfaction at all light levels
– Worker productivity was stopped with the light levels reached moonlight
intensity.
• Conclusions:
– Light intensity has no conclusive effect on output
– Productivity has a psychological component
• Concept of “Hawthorne Effect” was created
54. The next experiments beginning in 1927 focused on the
relay assembly department, where the electromagnetic
switches that made telephone connections possible were
produced. The manufacture of relays required the repetitive
assembly of pins, springs, insulators, coils, and screws.
Western Electric produced over 7 million relays annually.
As the speed of individual workers determined overall
production levels, the effects of factors like rest periods and
work hours in this department were of particular interest to
the company.
55. 1927-1929
Experiments were conducted by Elton Mayo
Manipulated factors of production to measure effect on output:
Pay Incentives (Each Girls pay was based on the other 5 in the group)
Length of Work Day & Work Week (5pm, 4:30 pm, 4pm)
Use of Rest Periods (Two 5 minutes break)
Company Sponsored Meals (Morning Coffee & soup along with sandwich)
Results:
Higher output and greater employee satisfaction
Conclusions:
Positive effects even with negative influences – workers’ output will increase
as a response to attention
Strong social bonds were created within the test group. Workers are
influenced by need for recognition, security and sense of belonging
57. • Conducted 20,000 interviews.
• Objective was to explore information, which could be used to improve
supervisory training.
• Initially used the method of Direct Questioning and changed to Non Directive.
• Results
- Giving an opportunity to talk and express grievances would increase the
morale.
- Complaints were symptoms of deep-rooted disturbances.
-Workers are governed by experience obtained from both inside and outside the
company.
58.
59. - The workers were satisfied or dissatisfied depending upon how they
regarded their social status in the company.
- Social groups created big impact on work.
- Production was restricted by workers regardless all financial incentives
offered as group pressure are on individual workers.
60. 1931-1932
Limited changes to work conditions
Segregated work area
No Management Visits
Supervision would remain the same
Observer would record data only – no interaction with workers
Small group pay incentive
Result:
No appreciable changes in output
Conclusions:
Preexisting performance norms
Group dictated production standards –
Work Group protection from management changes.
61. CONCLUSION
•The Hawthorne studies have had a remarkable impact on
management in organizations and how workers react to various
situations.
•The research carried out at the Western Electrics Hawthorne plant
during the 1920’s and early 1930’s helped to initiate a whole new
approach to human behaviour studies.
•The final result was “the organization of teamwork-that is, of
sustained cooperation leads to success”.
63. Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.
Maslow proposed that motivation is the result of a person's attempt at fulfilling
five basic needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization.
According to Maslow, these needs can create internal pressures that can
influence a person's behavior.
Physiological needs are those needs required for human survival such as air,
food, water, shelter, clothing and sleep. As a manager, you can account for
physiological needs of your employees by providing comfortable working
conditions, reasonable work hours and the necessary breaks to use the
bathroom and eat and/or drink.
Safety needs include those needs that provide a person with a sense of
security and well-being. Personal security, financial security, good health and
protection from accidents, harm and their adverse affects are all included in
safety needs. As a manager, you can account for the safety needs of your
employees by providing safe working conditions, secure compensation (such as
a salary) and job security, which is especially important in a bad economy.
64. Social needs, also called love and belonging, refer to the need to feel a sense
of belonging and acceptance. Social needs are important to humans so that they
do not feel alone, isolated and depressed. Friendships, family and intimacy all
work to fulfill social needs. As a manager, you can account for the social needs of
your employees by making sure each of your employees know one another,
encouraging cooperative teamwork, being an accessible and kind supervisor and
promoting a good work-life balance.
Esteem needs refer to the need for self-esteem and respect, with self-respect
being slightly more important than gaining respect and admiration from others. As
a manager, you can account for the esteem needs of your employees by offering
praise and recognition when the employee does well, and offering promotions and
additional responsibility to reflect your belief that they are a valued employee.
Self-actualization needs describe a person's need to reach his or her full
potential. The need to become what one is capable of is something that is highly
personal. While I might have the need to be a good parent, you might have the
need to hold an executive-level position within your organization. Because this
need is individualized, as a manager, you can account for this need by providing
challenging work, inviting employees to participate in decision-making and giving
them flexibility and autonomy in their jobs.
65. 1. Businesses typically do well satisfying lower
order needs.
2. Model stipulates that there are 5 needs and that
the order is “fixed”. Research indicates some
may only have 2-3 need hierarchy; others 5-6.
The order may also be inverted and meeting
needs outside of work not accounted for.
3. Model not developed from average employees
65
66. Douglas McGregor proposed the two different sets of assumptions
about workers.
Theory X
Assumes the average worker is lazy, dislikes work and
will do as little as possible.
Managers must closely supervise and control through
reward and punishment.
Theory Y
Assumes workers are not lazy, want to do a good job
and the job itself will determine if the worker likes the
work.
Managers should allow workers greater latitude, and
create an organization to stimulate the workers.
66