Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
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Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Retention of maxillofacial prosthesis./cosmetic dentistry courseIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
One of the best seminar of the author. Covered in detail regarding the increasing vertical dimension, centric relation, methods to record centric relation, philosophies of occlusion and in detail everything about full mouth rehabilitation.
One of the best seminar of the author. Covered in detail regarding the increasing vertical dimension, centric relation, methods to record centric relation, philosophies of occlusion and in detail everything about full mouth rehabilitation.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Description :
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offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
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Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Similar to Principles and concepts of designing obturators/ orthodontic seminars (20)
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1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
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--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
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Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Principles and concepts of designing obturators/ orthodontic seminars
1. Principles And Concepts OfPrinciples And Concepts Of
Designing Obturators In DentateDesigning Obturators In Dentate
SubjectsSubjects
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
The presence of a palatal defect can causeThe presence of a palatal defect can cause
functional, aesthetic and social distress forfunctional, aesthetic and social distress for
patients.patients.
The provision of a suitable prosthesis thatThe provision of a suitable prosthesis that
obturates the defect presents clinical andobturates the defect presents clinical and
technical challenges to the clinician, but intechnical challenges to the clinician, but in
recent times useful progress in the provision ofrecent times useful progress in the provision of
satisfactory obturator appliances has beensatisfactory obturator appliances has been
made.made.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. DEFINITIONDEFINITION
The name obturator is derived from the LatinThe name obturator is derived from the Latin
verb “verb “obturare”obturare” which means close or to shut off.which means close or to shut off.
According to the glossary of prosthodonticAccording to the glossary of prosthodontic
terms obturator is defined as prosthesis used toterms obturator is defined as prosthesis used to
close a congenital or an acquired tissue opening,close a congenital or an acquired tissue opening,
primarily of hard palate and or contiguous alveolarprimarily of hard palate and or contiguous alveolar
structures..structures..
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. Ambroise Pare (1541) : probably the first
person to close a defect.
In one variation of his device a dry sponge
was attached to the upper surface of the disc.
When the sponge becomes moist by the
secretion it expands and hold the prosthesis in
place.
In another variation he used turnbuckle type
of mechanism to hold the prosthesis in place.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. Pierre Fouchard (1728) :
Father of modern
dentistry contributed
significantly to
maxillofacial prosthetics.
He described two types
of palatal obturators.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. One of the types has a
wings in the shape of
propellers which can be
folded together while
being inserted and
spread out after
insertion with a special
key.
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10. In the other type, the retainingIn the other type, the retaining
feature is in the form of afeature is in the form of a
butterfly wings which arebutterfly wings which are
made to open by a key after themade to open by a key after the
closed wings have beenclosed wings have been
inserted through the palatalinserted through the palatal
perforationperforation.
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11. MATERIALS USED FOR OBTURATORMATERIALS USED FOR OBTURATOR
Primitive man used stone, wood, gum, cotton, toPrimitive man used stone, wood, gum, cotton, to
obturate the defect.obturate the defect.
Towards the end of the nineteenth century,Towards the end of the nineteenth century,
vulcanite proved value in prosthodontics andvulcanite proved value in prosthodontics and
maxillofacial prosthetics and replaced most ofmaxillofacial prosthetics and replaced most of
the earlier materials.the earlier materials.
Gelatin : gelatin glycerin compound (Gelatin : gelatin glycerin compound (byby
Hennig)Hennig) was developed and was widely usedwas developed and was widely used
during and after the first world war.during and after the first world war.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. The most common material used for theThe most common material used for the
fabrication of the intra and extra oral prosthesesfabrication of the intra and extra oral prostheses
are polymeric in nature.are polymeric in nature.
These includes : vinyl chloride polymer andThese includes : vinyl chloride polymer and
copolymers, acrylic types and silicon rubberscopolymers, acrylic types and silicon rubbers
(heat-vulcanizing and room temperature(heat-vulcanizing and room temperature
vulcanization (RTV) type).vulcanization (RTV) type).
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13. FUNCTIONS OF AN OBTURATORFUNCTIONS OF AN OBTURATOR
The obturator fulfills many functions:The obturator fulfills many functions:
It can be used to keep the wound or defectiveIt can be used to keep the wound or defective
area clean, and it can enhance the healing ofarea clean, and it can enhance the healing of
traumatic or post surgical defects.traumatic or post surgical defects.
It can help to reshape or reconstruct the defect.It can help to reshape or reconstruct the defect.
It also improves or in some instances makesIt also improves or in some instances makes
speech possible.speech possible.
In important area of esthetics the obturator canIn important area of esthetics the obturator can
be used to correct lip and cheek position.be used to correct lip and cheek position.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. It can benefit the morale of patients withIt can benefit the morale of patients with
maxillary defects.maxillary defects.
When deglutition and mastication are impaired,When deglutition and mastication are impaired,
it can be used to improve functions.it can be used to improve functions.
It reduces the flow of exudates into the mouth.It reduces the flow of exudates into the mouth.
The obturator can be used as a stent to holdThe obturator can be used as a stent to hold
dressing or packs postsurgicallydressing or packs postsurgically.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. General principlesGeneral principles
1.1. Need for a rigid major connector.Need for a rigid major connector.
2.2. Guide planes and other components thatGuide planes and other components that
facilitate stability ad bracing.facilitate stability ad bracing.
3.3. A design that maximizes supportA design that maximizes support
4.4. Rests that place supporting forces along theRests that place supporting forces along the
long axis of the abutment tooth.long axis of the abutment tooth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. 5. Direct retainers that are passive at rest andDirect retainers that are passive at rest and
provide adequate resistance to dislodgementprovide adequate resistance to dislodgement
without overloading the abutment teeth.without overloading the abutment teeth.
6. Control of occlusal plane that opposes the6. Control of occlusal plane that opposes the
defect, especially when it involves naturaldefect, especially when it involves natural
teeth.teeth.
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17. BASIC OBJECTIVES OF AN OBTURATORBASIC OBJECTIVES OF AN OBTURATOR
It should be comfortable.It should be comfortable.
Should restore adequate speech, deglutition,Should restore adequate speech, deglutition,
and masticationand mastication
Should be acceptable cosmetically.Should be acceptable cosmetically.
To achieve all these objectives, the obturatorTo achieve all these objectives, the obturator
should have adequate support, retention andshould have adequate support, retention and
stability.stability.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. Indications of obturator:Indications of obturator:
To act as framework over which tissues mayTo act as framework over which tissues may
be shaped by the surgeon.be shaped by the surgeon.
To serve as temporary prosthesis during theTo serve as temporary prosthesis during the
period of surgical correction.period of surgical correction.
To restore a patients cosmetic appearanceTo restore a patients cosmetic appearance
rapidly for social contacts.rapidly for social contacts.
When patients age contraindicates surgery.When patients age contraindicates surgery.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. When local avascular condition of tissuesWhen local avascular condition of tissues
contraindicates surgery.contraindicates surgery.
Inability of the patient to meet theInability of the patient to meet the
expenses of surgery.expenses of surgery.
When patient is susceptible to recurrenceWhen patient is susceptible to recurrence
of original lesionof original lesion..
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20. RATIONALERATIONALE
The need for the study of obturator design wasThe need for the study of obturator design was
evident because ofevident because of
(1) The increase in the number of partially(1) The increase in the number of partially
edentulous patients undergoing partial resectionedentulous patients undergoing partial resection
of the maxilla,of the maxilla,
(2) The increase in the life expectancy after(2) The increase in the life expectancy after
surgery, creating a need for definitivesurgery, creating a need for definitive
restorations, andrestorations, and
(3) An ever-increasing percentage of younger(3) An ever-increasing percentage of younger
patients in the maxillary resection patientpatients in the maxillary resection patient
population.population. www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION
To discuss metal framework design forTo discuss metal framework design for
maxillectomy patients in a systematic manner,maxillectomy patients in a systematic manner,
In 1978 the late Dr Mohammed AramanyIn 1978 the late Dr Mohammed Aramany
presented the first published systempresented the first published system
classification of postsurgical maxillary defects.classification of postsurgical maxillary defects.
The classification is divid-ed into six differentThe classification is divid-ed into six different
groups based on the relationship of the defectgroups based on the relationship of the defect
area to the remaining abutment teeth.area to the remaining abutment teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. Classification for partially edentulous maxillectomy dental arches: Class I, Midline
resection. Class II, Unilateral resection. Class III, Central resection. Class I V, Bilateral
anterior-posterior resection. Class V, Posterior resection. Class VI, Anterior resection.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. Class IClass I
The resection in thisThe resection in this
group is performed alonggroup is performed along
the midline of the maxilla;the midline of the maxilla;
the teeth are maintained onthe teeth are maintained on
one side of the arch.one side of the arch.
This is the most frequentThis is the most frequent
maxillary defect, and mostmaxillary defect, and most
patients fall into thispatients fall into this
category.category.
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24. Class IIClass II
The defect in thisThe defect in this
group is unilateral,group is unilateral,
retaining the anteriorretaining the anterior
teeth on theteeth on the
contralateral side.contralateral side.
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25. Class IIIClass III
The palatal defect occurs
in the central portion of the
hard palate and may
involve part of the soft
palate.
The surgery does not
involve the remaining
teeth..
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26. Class IVClass IV
The defect crosses the
midline and involves
both sides of the
maxillae.
A few remaining
posterior teeth in a
relatively straight line
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27. Class VClass V
The surgical defect in
this situation is bilateral
and lies posterior to the
remaining abutment teeth.
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30. SUPPORT:
Support gives the resistance to movement of
the prosthesis towards the tissue.
Support is available from
Residual maxilla
Within the defect
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31. I. Residual maxilla support : includes:I. Residual maxilla support : includes:
A. Residual teethA. Residual teeth
1.carious involvement of the remaining teeth1.carious involvement of the remaining teeth
should be treated and their periodontal statusshould be treated and their periodontal status
made optimal.made optimal.
2.Support is also provided by the placement of2.Support is also provided by the placement of
occlusal rests, cingulum rest and incisal rest.occlusal rests, cingulum rest and incisal rest.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. B. Alveolar RidgeB. Alveolar Ridge
1.Large, broad and square ridge provide better
support than the small, narrow ridge with a
tapering contour.
2.In patient with a retained premaxillary
segment or a tuberosity, the arch form is
improved and also the support.
3.The healthy well formed edentulous ridge
with extensive sulci will enhance support.
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33. C. Residual Hard PalateC. Residual Hard Palate
1.The palate shelf is located perpendicular to the
direction of the occlusal stress and provides
considerable support during function.
2.The broad, flat palate is more supportive than the
high tapering palate.
3.Large palatal tori and pendulous soft tissues should
be removed because the process will require relief
and this will decrease the support.
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34. IIII WITHIN THE DEFECT SUPPORTWITHIN THE DEFECT SUPPORT
It is necessary to prevent the rotation of theIt is necessary to prevent the rotation of the
prosthesis into the defect.prosthesis into the defect.
a.a. Floor of the OrbitFloor of the Orbit
Use of the floor of the orbit for support shouldUse of the floor of the orbit for support should
be minimal. It cannot be used for support, ifbe minimal. It cannot be used for support, if
orbital floor has been removed then the orbitalorbital floor has been removed then the orbital
contents will move with the movement of thecontents will move with the movement of the
prosthesis.prosthesis.
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35. Drawbacks:
i)If prosthesis is extended up to the orbital
floor it would make insertion through the oral
opening difficult, unless a two piece sectional
prosthesis is used.
ii)Additional weight
iii)Problems of fabrication
iv)Alteration in speech quality due to too
much obturation of the resonating chamber.
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36. b. Pterygoid Plate or Temporal Bone
Positive contact of the prosthesis with this
bony structure can be relatively extensive and
adequate to support for an obturator prosthesis.
c. The Nasal Septum
It is a poor support for extensive prosthesis
because,
- It is partly cartilage
- Has little bearing area
- Is covered with nasal epithelium.
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37. RETENTIONRETENTION
Retention is the resistance to vertical
displacement of the prosthesis.
Retention is provided by
- Within the residual maxilla
- Within the defect
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38. Residual Maxilla Retention is provided by
a. Teeth
i) If the defect is small and remaining teeth are
stable, intra coronal retainer can be used.
ii) If the defect is large and all teeth are weak,
extra coronal retainers should be used.
b. Alveolar Ridge
A large and broad ridge with flat palate is more
retentive than small ridge with tapering ridge crest
and high tapering palate.
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39. Within the defect RetentionWithin the defect Retention Provided byProvided by
a) Residual soft palatea) Residual soft palate
i) Provides posterior palatal seal and preventi) Provides posterior palatal seal and prevent
ingress of food.ingress of food.
ii)Extension of the obturator prosthesis intoii)Extension of the obturator prosthesis into
the nasopharyngeal side of the soft palatethe nasopharyngeal side of the soft palate
provides retention.provides retention.
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40. b) Residual Hard Palateb) Residual Hard Palate
--Undercuts along the line of palatal resection intoUndercuts along the line of palatal resection into
nasal or paranasal cavity or superolateral wall ofnasal or paranasal cavity or superolateral wall of
defect can increase retention.defect can increase retention.
-Obturator extension into the undercut is best-Obturator extension into the undercut is best
provided by a soft denture base material.provided by a soft denture base material.
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41. c) Lateral Scar Band
For adequate surgical closure, most maxillary
resections are lined with split – thickness skin
graft along the anterior lateral and postero –
lateral walls of defects.
This results in the formation of scar band which
is more prominent in laterally and postero–
laterally as compared to scar band anterior to
premolar region.
These act as good undercuts for retention.
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42. d) Height of lateral
wall
Engaging lateral wall
of defect provides
indirect retention.
Longer radius
undergoes less vertical
displacement than the
shorter radius.
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43. Quality of retention depends onQuality of retention depends on
Muscular control.Muscular control.
Size of surgical cavitySize of surgical cavity
availability of tissue undercut around the cavityavailability of tissue undercut around the cavity
Direct and indirect retention provided by anyDirect and indirect retention provided by any
remaining teeth.remaining teeth.
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44. Retentive regions areRetentive regions are
Fibrous tissue scar bands in the buccal sulcus.Fibrous tissue scar bands in the buccal sulcus.
Rolled edge of the palatal remnantsRolled edge of the palatal remnants
Base of the nasal mucosa of the nasal septum.Base of the nasal mucosa of the nasal septum.
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45. Forces on ObturatorsForces on Obturators
These forces can beThese forces can be
Vertical dislodging forceVertical dislodging force
Occlusal vertical forceOcclusal vertical force
Torque or rotational forceTorque or rotational force
Lateral forceLateral force
Anterior posterior force.Anterior posterior force.
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46. Dislodging and rotational forcesDislodging and rotational forces
The weight of the nasal extension of the obturatorThe weight of the nasal extension of the obturator
exerts dislodging and rotational forces on abutmentexerts dislodging and rotational forces on abutment
teeth.teeth.
To resist these forcesTo resist these forces
-weight of the obturator be minimal-weight of the obturator be minimal
-direct retention-direct retention
-extending the buccal wall of the nasal-extending the buccal wall of the nasal
extension superiorly.extension superiorly.
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47. Value of the lateral wall height in design ofValue of the lateral wall height in design of
partial denture obturatorpartial denture obturator
As defect side ofAs defect side of
prosthesis is displaced,prosthesis is displaced,
lateral wall of obturatorlateral wall of obturator
will engage scar band andwill engage scar band and
aid in retaining theaid in retaining the
prosthesis.prosthesis.
Variance in verticalVariance in vertical
displacement which twodisplacement which two
different radius lengthsdifferent radius lengths
produce when arcingproduce when arcing
through a given horizontalthrough a given horizontal
dimension.dimension.
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48. Relation of the scar band to the lateralRelation of the scar band to the lateral
portion of the obturator.portion of the obturator.
Buccal scar band willBuccal scar band will
develop at height ofdevelop at height of
previous vestibuleprevious vestibule
where buccal mucosawhere buccal mucosa
and skin graft inand skin graft in
surgical defect join.surgical defect join.
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49. Occlusal vertical forcesOcclusal vertical forces
Activated during mastication and swallowing.Activated during mastication and swallowing.
Wide distribution of occlusal rests will helpWide distribution of occlusal rests will help
counteract such forcecounteract such force
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50. Lateral forces.Lateral forces.
It can be minimized byIt can be minimized by
Covering the medial wall of the defect by aCovering the medial wall of the defect by a
palatal flap.palatal flap.
Proper selection of the occlusal schemeProper selection of the occlusal scheme
Elimination of premature occlusal contactsElimination of premature occlusal contacts
Wide distribution of the stabilizing components.Wide distribution of the stabilizing components.
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51. STABILITY:STABILITY:
Stability is the resistance to prosthesisStability is the resistance to prosthesis
displacement by functional forces.displacement by functional forces.
Stability is offered by:Stability is offered by:
i) Residual Maxilla Stabilityi) Residual Maxilla Stability
ii)Within the defect stabilityii)Within the defect stability
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52. Stability of obturatorStability of obturator
The terminal abutment teeth of the remaining archThe terminal abutment teeth of the remaining arch
determine the fulcrum line .determine the fulcrum line .
2 lines are drawn from the fulcrum line to the2 lines are drawn from the fulcrum line to the
canine away from the defect,a stable triangle iscanine away from the defect,a stable triangle is
established.established.
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53. When the defect enlarges and the remaining palateWhen the defect enlarges and the remaining palate
and dental arc decreases, the area within theand dental arc decreases, the area within the
triangle diminishes, as does the stability of thetriangle diminishes, as does the stability of the
prosthesis.prosthesis.
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54. Residual Maxilla Stability:-Residual Maxilla Stability:-
This is done by providing bracing components ofThis is done by providing bracing components of
the prosthesis frame work.the prosthesis frame work.
Extending bracing interproximally will minimizeExtending bracing interproximally will minimize
rotational as well as anterioposterior movement ofrotational as well as anterioposterior movement of
the prosthesis.the prosthesis.
Within the Defect Stability:-Within the Defect Stability:- is provided byis provided by
Maximal extension of prosthesis in all lateralMaximal extension of prosthesis in all lateral
directions.directions.
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68. Aramany class VI obturator design templateAramany class VI obturator design template
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69. Swing-lock design considerationsSwing-lock design considerations
Swing lock framework:Swing lock framework:
GATE clasp – Ackerman in 1955 led to swingGATE clasp – Ackerman in 1955 led to swing
lock design which was introduced by Simmons.lock design which was introduced by Simmons.
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70. Biomechanics of the Swing-lock designBiomechanics of the Swing-lock design::
Movable labial / buccal bar– hinge at one endMovable labial / buccal bar– hinge at one end
– lock at the other end.– lock at the other end.
Presence of a adequate vestibule. 4 tooth spanPresence of a adequate vestibule. 4 tooth span
– minimum bar length.– minimum bar length.
Lock is separated from the nearest abutmentLock is separated from the nearest abutment
tooth by a one tooth space.tooth by a one tooth space.
To ensure room for the first replacement tooth.To ensure room for the first replacement tooth.
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71. To allow the bulk of the lock to be within theTo allow the bulk of the lock to be within the
acrylic of denture.acrylic of denture.
The hinge is placed lateral to but “in-line” withThe hinge is placed lateral to but “in-line” with
the dentition – no further posterior than thethe dentition – no further posterior than the
distal of the first molar.distal of the first molar.
The lock is usually located on the side of theThe lock is usually located on the side of the
patients dominant hand.patients dominant hand.
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72. Advantages of Swing-lock designAdvantages of Swing-lock design
More stable than conventional prosthesis.
Facilitates more complete sharing of the
functional load by all abutment teeth.
Teeth even with questionable prognosis may
be used in S/L design.
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73. Used in situations where abutment alignment
incompatibility caused by tilting / rotation
would make conventional clasping difficult.
Can be used when the absence of key
abutment teeth would make conventional clasp
retention inadequate
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74. Disadvantage
Can’t be used when the patient exhibits lack ofCan’t be used when the patient exhibits lack of
manual dexterity.manual dexterity.
Increased need for recall and maintenance overIncreased need for recall and maintenance over
the conventional design.the conventional design.
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75. Class I arch form:Class I arch form:
Hinge is located nearHinge is located near
the posterior rest.the posterior rest.
Retention is providedRetention is provided
by vertical struts thatby vertical struts that
contact all teeth incontact all teeth in
0.25mm undercut.0.25mm undercut.
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76. Class II arch form:Class II arch form:
For ovoid arches –
single Swing-lock
design.
For tapering arches –
dual Swing-lock
design
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77. Class III arch form :Class III arch form :
Swing-lock is notSwing-lock is not
recommended unlessrecommended unless
a soft palatala soft palatal
obturator / a palatalobturator / a palatal
lift is also involved alift is also involved a
double Swing-lockdouble Swing-lock
design isdesign is
recommended.recommended.
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78. Class IV arch form:Class IV arch form:
Swing-lock designSwing-lock design
provides the mostprovides the most
stable and retentivestable and retentive
prosthesisprosthesis
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79. Class V arch form:Class V arch form:
Dual labial bar concept.
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80. Class VI arch form:Class VI arch form:
Two designs:
If posterior segment
contain at least 4 tooth
then a “double labial
bar”
If posterior segment
contain less than 4 tooth
then a “dual labial bar”.
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81. CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
Prosthesis design relative to all phases ofProsthesis design relative to all phases of
prosthodontics has been discussed by many authors.prosthodontics has been discussed by many authors.
The need for support, retention and stability inThe need for support, retention and stability in
designating any prosthesis should be understood if thedesignating any prosthesis should be understood if the
objective of prosthodontic care is to be attained.objective of prosthodontic care is to be attained.
For the patient with an acquired maxillary defect it isFor the patient with an acquired maxillary defect it is
often necessary to modify, and sometimes violate, someoften necessary to modify, and sometimes violate, some
of the basic principles of prosthesis design because ofof the basic principles of prosthesis design because of
the basic nature of the defect.the basic nature of the defect.
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82. BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHY
Clinical maxillofacial prosthetics –
Thomas D. Taylor
Maxillofacial rehabilitation – John
Beumer
Maxillofacial prosthetics – Chalian
Miller, E. L.: Removable Partial
Prosthodontics. Baltimore, 1972, The
Williams & Wilkins Co
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83. Aramany, M. A.: Basic principles of
obturator design for partially eden-
tulous patients. Part I: Classification. J
Prosthet Dent 86:559-561, 2001.
Aramany, M. A.: Basic principles of
obturator design for partially eden-
tulous patients. Part I: Design
principles. J Prosthet Dent 86:562-8,
2001.
Desjardins, R.: Early rehabilitative
management of the maxillectomy
patients. J Prosthet Dent 38:311, 1977.
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