mean value articulators hanu and denar

1. ARTICULATORS - ii
BHUVANESH KUMAR.D.V

2. COMMONLY USED ARTICULATORS
Mean value Hanau Artex

3. BASIC PARTS OF AN ARTICULATOR
• Upper member
• Lower member
• Mounting plates
• Condylar analogues
• Condylar guidance
• Incisal guide pin
• Incisal guide table

4. UPPER MEMBER
Represents maxilla
LOWER MEMBER
Represents mandible
MOUNTING PLATES
Casts are connected

5. CONDYLAR GUIDANCE
• Represents slopes of articular eminance.
• Can be adjusted according to the records
obtained from the patient.
• If sloped antero-posteriorly – horizontal
guidance.
• If sloped laterally-
lateral guidance.

6. CONDYLAR ANALOGUES/ELEMENTS
• Spherical in shape
• Represents condyle.
• If attached to lower member- ARCON
• If attached to upper member- NONARCON

7. • The term “Arcon” was derived by Bergstrom from the words Ar-
Articulator & Con – Condyle
• This articulator resembles the TMJ.
• The Condylar Element / analogue / sphere attached to – Lower
Member (Movable)
• The Condylar Guidance (Glenoid Fossa) attached to – Upper /
Cranial Member (immovable)
• Advantage
– The Face Bow transfer, occlusal plane, and relationship of the
opposing casts are preserved when the articulator is opened and
closed.
• Examples
– Whipmix , 8500 ( DR. Charles Stuart, 1963)
– Hanau Arcon
– Dentatus, ARA
– Ney articulator - (De Pietro , 1960)
– Tele Dyne articulator - (Richard Beu ,1975

8. • This articulator is the reverse of the TMJ
• The Condylar Element / analogue / sphere àattached to
– Upper Member (Movable)
• The Condylar Guidance (Glenoid Fossa) à attached to –
Lower Member (immovable)
• Examples
– Hanau , 96h20
– Hanau, University
– Gysi, adjustable
– Trubyte articulator - (GYSI, 1926)
– Dentatus, ARL
– Hanau, Kinoscope
– House, Rotary Grinder
N
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9. • In an arcon articulator, the condylar spheres are attached
to the lower component of the articulator, and the
mechanical fossae are attached to the upper member of
the instrument.
• Thus, the arcon articulator is anatomically “correct,”
which makes understanding of mandibular movements
easier, as opposed to the nonarcon articulator .
• The angulation of the mechanical fossae of an arcon
instrument is fixed in relation to the occlusal plane of the
maxillary cast; in the nonarcon design, it is fixed in relation
to the occlusal plane of the mandibular cast.

10. • Articulators. A and C show an arcon articulator; B and D show a nonarcon
articulator. An advantage of the arcon design is that the condylar inclination
of the mechanical fossae is at a fixed angle to the maxillary occlusal plane.
With the nonarcon design, the angle changes as the articulator is opened,
which can lead to errors when a protrusive record is being used to program
the articulator.

11. INSICAL GUIDE PIN:-
Acts as an anterior vertical stop
& maintains the vertical
dimension.
Can be flat or rounded.
INCISAL GUIDE TABLE

12. MEANVALUE ARTICULATOR
• so called because it has 3 fixed mean
values
• intercondylar distance-100–110mm { 4 INCH }
• condylar guidance-33degrees
• incisal guidance-9-12degrees
Based on Bonwill’s equilateral triangle theory

13. PARTS:-
• upper member
• lower member
• insical guide table
• vertical rod / incisal
pin
• Insical guide pin
• condylar guidance

14. • Uppermember :-
• Triangular frame
• Two Condylar elements
• Vertical Rod with a thumb screw.

15. • Lower Member :-
L Shaped frame with horizontal and vertical arm.
Horizontal arm is triangular and
its apex contains incisal guide table.
Vertical arm is rectangular containing condylar guidance
slot at upper portion.

16. Incisal guide table :-
very short cylinder, concave upper surface.
Vertical Rod or Incisal Pin :-
keep fixed distance between the
upper & lower member at anterior end.
 pointed tip - rest on the center

17. Incisal guide pin :-
anterior reference point.
The incisal edge of the
maxillar incisors at the
mid line of the occlusal
rim should touch the
tip of incisal pin during
articulation.

18. Condylar guidance
 Represent by a slot (condylar track)
 Condylar element of upper
member passes through this track.
 A spring is mounted within this
track to establish the condylar
element

19. Advantages:
1) Simple to use.
2) Can be used for individual posterior restorations
and short span (three to four units) posterior
bridges or for individual anterior restorations and
short span anterior bridges with a minimal vertical
and horizontal overlap

20. It does not accept or accepts most of the average
face bow transfer (Hanau-mate)
Disadvantage:
1) Most of these articulators do not accept face-bow
record.
2) The condylar path moves to a fixed angle and it is
successful only in patients whose condylar angle
approximates that of the articulator.
3) No lateral movements

21. HANAU
ARTICULATORS

22. HANAU MODEL H (NON - ARCON TYPE )
• Were first introduced by RUDOLF HANAU in 1923.
• Intercondylar distance was fixed at 110 mm.
• HCG could be adjusted from – 40° to + 80°using
protrusive records.
• LCG could be adjusted from 0° to 20° using the Hanau’s
formula.
• The derivative for this equation are not known
• Accepts a face bow transfer.

23. HANAU MODEL H ARTICULATOR
RUDOLF HANAU ( 1923 )

24. HANAU MODEL M KINOSCOPE
• In 1923 HANAU developed another research model Hanau model
M Kinoscope.
• This had double condylar posts on each side.
• The inner posts serve two purposes. They can be adjusted for HCG
and can be moved inwards or outwards to vary the ICD.
• The Bennett angle can be adjusted in the outer posts by turning an
off set cone.

25. HANAU MODEL M KINOSCOPE

26. HANAU MODEL M KINOSCOPE

27. HANAU H2 ( MODEL 96 )
• This model was developed in 1958.
• NON ARCON type with condylar guides in the lower member.
• Has a fixed ICD of 110 mm .
• The original features of model H have been retained with the
addition of auditory pins.
• These articulators don’t provide a facility for interchangeability.
• This can accept four types of face bow transfers.
(facia type, ear piece type, twirl bow, and adjustable axis or
kinematic face bow)
• The lateral side shift was increased from 0 – 30 degrees.

28. HANAU H2 ( MODEL 96 )

29. Some other models of the H2 series are:
(1) Model H2-0, with orbital indicator
attachment;
(2) Model H2-X, with extendable condylar shafts;
and
(3) Model H2-PR, with calibrated adjustments to
protrude or retrude the condylar balls up to 3
mm.
The Model H2-XPR is a combination of the
models listed.

30. HANAU H2 ARCON (Model 158 )
• This was introduced in 1977.
• The mechanical features are quite similar to 96 H2 but
this is arcon in nature.
• Special facebow is available for this model.
• One added feature is that it can be inverted for
mandibular mounting without the need of a stand.
• An additional pantacrylic incisal guide table available.

31. HANAU H2 ARCON (Model 158 )

32. HANAU MATE – 165 ( Average Articulator )
• Fixed intercondylar width of 110mm.
• 30 degrees fixed horizontal condylar inclination.
• 15 degrees fixed progressive side shift angle (Bennett).
• 10 degrees protrusive and lateral incisal guide table.
ADVANTAGES:
• Upper frame can be separated by loosening two locks.
• Receives most average face bows.
• Excellent lingual visibility.

33. HANAU MATE – 165 ( Average Articulator )

34. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )
• These are the newest hanau articulators.
• These are arcon in nature and have similar features .
• The only difference is that the upper and the lower
members can be separated in model 184 due to open
condylar track.
• The design results in most openness among all the
hanau models.
• The HCG is adjustable from – 20° to + 60°.
• The Bennett side shift ( PSS ) is adjustable from 0° to
30°

35. HANAU WIDE VUE

36. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 184 )

37. CONDYLAR GUIDANCE
The condylar guidances are the control centers of the
articulator and they adjustably assimilate the
multiple function of the glenoid fossa.
HANAU WIDE VUE

38. CONDYLAR
GUIDANCE {HORIZONTAL}
• The condylar track can be inclined on
the horizontal transverse axis from 0°
to + 60° or to a -20°.
• These inclinations are termed the
protrusive inclinations and simulate
the patients superior wall of the fossa.
HANAU WIDE VUE

39. CONDYLAR GUIDANCE
HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )

40. LATERAL CONDYLAR
GUIDANCE
• The condylar track may be adjusted on a
vertical axis from a 0° to 30°.
• This angle is termed the progressive Bennett
angle and corresponds to the medial wall of
the patients fossa.
HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )

41. CONDYLAR GUIDANCE
HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )

42. CONDYLAR TRACK
• Closed condylar guidance track
rotates in a enclosed housing which
stops the condylar element,
preventing the accidental
disengagement of the upper member.
HANAU WIDE VUE

43. CLOSED CONDYLAR TRACK
HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )

44. CONDYLAR TRACK
• Open condylar guidance track has a condyle retainer which
controls the end of the condylar track.
• Pushing the retainer inward will release a retention ball, fully
opening the track and allowing rapid removal of upper
member.pushing it outward will reengage the retention ball
and block the track, preventing its accidental removal.
HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )

45. OPEN CONDYLAR TRACK
HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )

46. CENTRIC LOCK
• This is to limit the anterior movement of the condylar element.
• Engagement of the centric lock depresses a centric pin, causing it to arrest the
condylar element at the centric position , the point from where the protrusive
and Bennett angles emanate.
• When locked the upper member is restricted to an opening and closing
movement only.
• Releasing the centric lock two full turns will disengage the centric pin and return
the elements freedom of movement on the condylar track.
HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )

47. CENTRIC LOCK
HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )

48. CONDYLAR SHAFTS
• Condylar shafts adjustably slide in the wings of the lower member.
• They have been factory fixed by set screws and hold the condylar
elements.

49. RESILIENT BUMPER
• This will protectively stop the upper member and rest against the
wings of the lower member when fully opening the articulator.

50. • The incisal pin serves as a forward control of the
articulator. It maintains a vertical stop and provides
a stylus contact for excursive movements.
• Midline groove about 1 inch from the spherical tip.
Five additional lines in mm on each side for altering
the VD.
DUAL END INCISAL PIN –
SPHERICAL & CHISEL

51. Two annular grooves on the Incisal Pin at 37 ( Bonwill’s
theory ) and 54 mm below the Frankfort Horizontal
Plane.
 Arbitrary vertical landmarks –
alignment of the incisal edge
of the maxillary centrals when
making a Facebow transfer.
Third point of stability
This reference line is based on the research study by Frank R.
Lauciello,D.D.S., and Marc Appelbaum, D.D.S., “Anatomic Comparison
to Arbitrary Reference Notch on Hanau™ Articulators,” Journal of
Prosthetic Dentistry, December 1978, Volume 40, Number 6

52. DUAL END INCISAL PIN • Midline groove is aligned with top edge of
the upper member. It is secured by
thumbscrew against the flattened side of
the pin.

53. Dual end- spherical &
chisel tip.
Spherical tip – to fabricate
Customized acrylic anterior
guide tables
• Chisel tip - to provides a
stylus contact with incisal
table during various
excursive movements.

54. ADJUSTABLE INCISAL GUIDE
• This provides an independent adjustment of anterior
guidance.
• The incisal guide can rotate antero-posteriorly from a
horizontal 0° to a 60° positive inclination of protrusion
which is then secured by a small locknut.
• The central guiding table is 5.56mm wide and forms the
inclined surface for the protrusive guidance of the incisal pin.
• Separately adjustable lateral wings elevate by thumbscrews
from 0° horizontal to 45° incline

55. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )
( PARTS )
ADJUSTABLE INCISAL GUIDE

56. ORBITAL INDICATOR
represents the patient’s infra-orbitale
notch
anterior reference landmark
of the Frankfort Horizontal
Plane.
when used with an orbitale
pointer on a facebow, it provides
an anatomical vertical orientation
for upper arch.

57. Mounting plates
• To attach upper and lower casts to upper and lower members
of articulator.
• Has elongated luting slots – for a secure adherence of gypsum
mounting.
• Center domed brass insert which is
internally threaded for attachment to
upper and lower members .

58. ARTICULATOR PREPARATION
• Adjust the protrusive inclination {HCI} of both Condylar Guidances
to 30 degrees and tighten the Thumbnuts.
• Adjust the Bennett Angles {LCG}of both Condylar Guidances at 30
degrees and tighten their thumbnuts.
• Adjust the Incisal Pin to align the mid-line calibration to the top
edge of the Upper Member.
• Adjust the Incisal Guide to a “zero” degree and tighten the small
Locknut.
• Slide the Platform to align the Incisal Pin contact over the “zero”
indicating line on Guidance and tighten Platform Lockscrew.

59. MOUNTING PROCEDURE
Maxillary cast is attached to the articulator using the
orientation jaw relation record.
Procedure of transferring the
orientation jaw relation to the
articulator is called
face-bow transfer.

60. • Ear piece - attached to the roll pin
of the articulator.
• Transfers the posterior reference
point of the face-bow to the
articulator.
• Anterior reference point - positioned
by making the orbital indicator
contact the orbital pointer of the
face-bow.
• A pivot stand attached to the lower
member - helps to prevent vertical
displacement of the occlusal rim
during articulation.

61. Centric lock is engaged.
Later tentative jaw relations is carried
out according which the mandibular
cast with occlusal rim is articulated.
Then tracers are attached such that
central bearing plate to lower and
central bearing pointer to upper rim and
tracings was carried out.

62. • And also centric and protrusive
records are made.
• Now mandibular cast Is
dearticulated.
• Now by placing the centric
interocclusal records on
mandibular rim, again
mandibular cast is articulated in
exact centric relation with the
maxilla.

63. PROGRAMMING THE ARTICULATOR
Before teeth can be arranged, the articulator
must be programmed or customized to the
individual patient.
The programmed articulator is vital to plan an
occlusion which is both efficient and at the same
time reduces stresses transmitted to the
underlying tissues and temporomandibular
joints.

64. PROGRAMMING THE CONDYLAR GUIDANCES
HORIZONTAL CONDYLAR GUIDANCE OR INCLINATION
USING PROTRUSSIVE INTEROCCLUSAL CHECK
RECORDS
A protrusive inter occlusal record (ask the patient to
protrude the mandible around 6mm) is made by
using bite registration material.
The condylar lock nuts on articulator are loosened
and the occlusal rims with record is placed on the
articulator.

65. The condylar inclinations are adjusted until the upper
and lower occlusal rim seat firmly and evenly in the
protrusive record.
The degree of inclination is
noted and recorded on the
mounting plaster.
The condylar inclination
lock nuts are then secured.

66. LATERAL CONDYLAR
GUIDANCE INCLINATION
Using lateral interocclusal records or
by
 Using Hanau’s formula
• L=H/8+12.

67. PROGRAMMING INCISAL
GUIDANCE:-
The incisal guide table has a horizontal as well as
lateral adjustment.
Both are set to the minimum required for the
esthetic needs of the anterior teeth.

68. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )
ADJUSTMENT OF INCISAL GUIDE

69. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )
ADJUSTMENT OF INCISAL GUIDE

70. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )
ADJUSTMENT OF INCISAL GUIDE

71. HANAU WIDE VUE (Model 183 and 184 )
Additional options
Flat panta acrylic incisal guide table

72. Designed by Dr. Charles
Stuart in 1963.
It is an arcon articulator.
The upper & lower
member are mechanically
attached by means of a
spring latch assembly.
WHIP-MIX ARTICULATOR

73. The original model is 8500.
The condylar elements on the lower frame &
adjustable to three positions.
1. Small (S) – 96 mm
2. Medium (M)–110m
3. Large (L) – 124 mm.

74. • Horizantal condylar inclination – 0 to 70 degrees
• Lateral – 0 to 45 degrees.
• Horizantal - by obtaining protrusive/ lateral
interocclusal record.
• Bennet angle – by lateral interocclusal records.
• Mechanical/plastic incisal guide table with dual end
incisal pin.

75. Two Different face-bows can utilised:-
1) Quick mount or earpiece face-bow for complete
denture.
2) The adjustable axis for fixed prosthodontics.
 Ear piece- anterior support is attained by placing
plastic block into the deepest part of the Nasion .
The plane of reference is automatically created 25mm
below the nasion.
This plane approximates very closely the axis – orbital
plane.

76. Articulator model 9000 is similar to model 8500 except the
lower frame is ½ inch taller to provide more space for
mounting the mandibular cast.
Model 8800 provides an additional ½ inches space to mount
the maxillary cast.
This is more suitable in situations with extremely steep plane
of occlusions or where osseous defect exist in maxilla.
MODIFICATIONS

77. DENAR ARTICULATORS
In 1968, Dr. Niles Guichet introduced the Denar D4A
articulator and recording system.
D5A – current model.
• Adjustments to the guidance
surfaces are possible in all
three planes of space.

78. DENAR MARK II (1975)
 Arcon type
The articulator is a two piece instrument
incorporating a positive locking mechanism that can
hold the two members together by means of centric
latch.
intercondylar distance - 110 mm
however an adjustable distance
110 to 122 mm option is available.

79. Four types of face-bow can be used :-
- Facia face-bow
- Earpiece face-bow
- Slidematic face-bow
- Adjustable axis face-bow
Horizontal inclination - 0 to 60 degrees.
 immediate side shift (Bennett) adjustment of 0 to 4 mm plus a
progressive shift adjustment of 0 to 15 degrees
The mark II can be programmed using anatomic averages
positional records or with a mini recorder.

80. It is a newest Denar articulator.
 The design allows one to easily
exchange closed fossa for open
fossa with a positive locking latch.
The purpose of this model is
an attempt to better meet
the requirements for complete,
removable and fixed partial denture fabrication in one
articulator.
OMNI
ARTICULATOR (1984)

81. When the articulator is equipped
with the open fossae which is
identical to mark II fossa it is called
omni mark.
When it is utilized with closed track
fossa called omni track.

82. TMJ ARTICULATOR
Designed by Kenneth Swanson in 1965 .
The articulator has a spring loaded
latch to help return the upper frame
to the centric relation position.
There is curved incisal guide pin with both a plastic &
adjustable mechanical incisal guide table.

83. Custom analog fossae are formed from intraoral
sterographic tracings.
Specific custom trays (clutches) are prepared:-
- four studs in upper clutch
- central bearing pin at the centre on lower clutch.
custom acrylic resin is placed on lower clutch.
Four functional rhomboid recordings results.
Recordings are transferred to the articulator.

84.  A Smaller version of the articulator is
available & is called the Mini - Articulator.
Its intercondylar distance is limited from
110 – 150 mm & has a straight incisal guide
pin.

85. RECENT ADVANCES
• Virtual Articulators are also
called as `SOFTWARE
articulators`.
• They comprises of virtual
condylar and incisal guide
planes.

86. • Guide planes can be measured precisely using jaw motion analyser
or average values are set in the program like average value
articulator
• The Virtual Articulators are able to design prostheses
kinematically.
• They are capable of simulating human mandibular movements
• by moving digitalized occlusal surfaces against each other and
enabling correction of digitalized occlusal surfaces to produce
smooth and collision-free movements.
• Presently Virtual Articulator is supporting mechanical articulator
in better visualizing of the occlusion, in near future they replaces
mechanical articulators.

87. CARE AND MAINTAINENCE OF
AN ARTICULATOR

88. LUBRICATION
 Light application of quality hand piece oil
 Excess oil should be wiped off
 Thin coating of petroleum jelly-when in contact
with gypsum.

89. CLEANING :-
Use a mild soap and water solution with the aid of
a brush to dissolve accumulations of wax and to
wash away plaster remains.
Then air dry and lubricate.
DO NOT use strong detergents, alkalies etc..,

90. CONCLUSION
.Carl .O. Boucher summed up the articulator controversy
by stating,
“It must be recognized that the person
operating the instrument is more important than the
instrument. If dentists understand articulators and
their deficiencies, they can compensate for their
inherent inadequacies.”

91. Winkler Sheldon: Essentials of complete Denture
Prosthodontics, 2nd edition, p 142-182.
Heartwell Cm Jr, Rahn AO : Textbook of complete
dentures, 4th edition, p-51-93.
IJDSR- vol-30, july 2012-articulators in dentistry

92. Boucher’s:prosthodontic treatment for edentulous
patients complete dentures and implant supported
prostheses,12th edition ,p-291-296.
 J. Thomas: A classification of articulators. J Prosthet dent
1973; 30:11-14
The history of articulators: A perspective on early years, part
II JPD 1999 vol 8 – page 277-280.
Classification of articulators JPD 1980, Vol 3, page 344.
Edgar N. Starcke, DDS The History of Articulators: A Critical
History of Articulators Based on Geometric

93. • Donald L Mitchell and Noel D Wilkie: Articulators through the
years. Part I up to 1940, J Prosthet dent 1978; 39:330-338.
• Lawrence A. Weinberg: An evaluation of basic articulators and
their concepts. Part II. J Prosthet dent 1963; 13:645-663.
• Awni Rihani: Classification of articulators. J Prosthet dent 1980;
43:344-347.

95. Distarction /compression
(Simulation of Occlusion in Restorative Dentistry,
M.Oliver Ahlers)
It is a telescopic adjustment in
the U-shaped base frame of
the lower bow .
Purpose- Distraction permits
release of compressed
mandibular joints from 0 to 3
mm.
Such an adjustment is arrived
at on the basis of an evaluation
of the difference between
centric and habitual occlusion
recorded

96. Customized anterior guidance
Incisal pin is raised 1mm to
provide for sufficient
thickness of the auto-
polymerizing resin
Tip of incisal pin is insulated
with vaseline

97. Closing the articulator and
insertion of the incisal pin
in the autopolymerising
resin
Engraving of the dentally
guided protrusive-retrusive
border movements

98. Engraving of laterotrusive border
movements
Individually adapted incisal
guide block

99. Conclusion
It must be recognized that the person operating the instrument is
more important than the instrument. If dentist understands
articulators and their deficiencies he can compensate for their
inherent inadequacies.
- Carl o boucher

100. REFERENCES
 Beck Ho, Morrison We : Investigation of an Arcon
Articulator, J Prosthet dent 1956 ; 6 : 359 – 372.
 Beck. Heinz- selection of an articulator and jaw
registration J.Prosthet Dent 1960:10:879-885
 CHARLES .M. HEARTWELL-Syllabus Of Complete
Dentures
 Donald. Mitchell- articulators through the years- part I –
upto 1940 J.Prosthet Dent 1978:39:451-458
 JEFFERY. OKESON -Management Of
Temporomandibular joint Disorders and Occlusion
 Rihani A. “Classification of Articulators”. J.Prosthet Dent
1980 ; 43:344-47.
 SHELDON,WINKLER--Essentials of Complete Denture

101.  Weinberg L.A. “An Evaluation of basic articulators and
their concepts, Part II, Arbitrary, Positional, Semi
adjustable Articulators”. J.Prosthet Dent 1963 ; 13:645-
663.
 Weinberg L.A. “An Evaluation of basic articulators and
their concepts, Part III, fully adjustable Articulators”.
J.Prosthet Dent 1963 ; 13:873-88.
 Weinberg L.A. “An Evaluation of basic articulators and
their concepts, Part IV, fully adjustable Articulators”.
J.Prosthet Dent 1963 ; 13:1038-54.


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