The document discusses primacy studies in Andhra Pradesh, India. It defines primacy as when the largest city is at least twice as large as the second largest city. In 1971 and 2011, Hyderabad was the primate city of Andhra Pradesh, with a population over 4 times larger than the second and third largest cities. While other cities like Vijayawada and Vishakhapatnam have grown, Hyderabad remains the dominant city in the region. The high primacy index suggests Hyderabad's role as the economic and administrative center of Andhra Pradesh is disproportionate compared to other urban areas.