1. PRESENTATION
ON
CHILLIES BREEDING
PRESENTED BY:
Anjum Nazir
PLANT BREEDING
&GENETICS

3. CLASSIFICATION
 Kingdom: Plantae
 Division: Magnoliophyta
 Class: Magnoliopsida
 Order: Solanales
 Family: Solanaceae (night shade family)
 Genus: Capsicum
 Specie: annum, frutescence, baccatum,
pubescence, chinense

4. Ccapsicum
baccatum Capsicum chinense
Capsicum
frutescens Capsicum pubescens
Capsicum annum

6. INTRODUCTION
 Chillie is both a vegetable crop & a spice crop.
 It is rich source ofVitamin A & C.
 There are more than 400 varieties of chillies found all
over the world.
 It is also called as hot pepper, sweet pepper, bell
pepper etc.
 Its fruit is called as peprika.
 Both Chillie & Capsicum belong to the same
genus,i.e; Capsicum.
 Pungency in chillies is due to alkaloid capsaicin.
 Red color of chillies is due to the pigment capsanthin.
 Capsicum/Shimla mirch/bell pepper, is less pungent.

7. DIFFERENCE b/w Chilli &
Capsicumchilli Capsicum
 C. frutescence known as
hot pepper.
 Perennial in nature.
 White colored flower.
 Frits born in clusters and
thin peel.
 Growth determinate.
 More pungent.
 Vit. - c content high.
 Self pollinated.
 Used as spices.
 C. annum known as sweet
or bell pepper.
 Annual in nature.
 White, purple & radish
colored flower.
 Fruits born singly and
thick peel.
 Growth indeterminate.
 Less pungent.
 Vit.- c content low.
 Cross pollinated.
 Used as vegetable.

8. HISTORY
 Its species are native to
America ,where they
have been cultivated for
thousands of years.
 The three species C.
annuum, C. frutescens
and C. chinense evolved
from a common ancestor
located in the North of
the Amazon basin.

9. CLIMATE
 Growing chillies require warm growin
environment.
 It is raised from sea level to 2000 meter
above sea level.
 Optimum temperature for fruit set is 24°C.
 Night temperature below 10°C fruit set
restricted.
 Fruit weight, length, girth and pericarp
thickness were high at 25°C day and 18°C
night temperature.

10. SOIL & FIELD PREPARATION
 Chilli can be grown all
types of soils from light
sandy to heavy clay.
 Optimum soil pH for
chilli is 5.8 to 6.5.
 Very sensitive to water
logging.
 Thoroughly plough the
land 3-4 times followed
by planking to level the
field

11. IRRIGATION
 Chilli plant cannot withstand water
stagnation & excess moisture.
 Hence light irrigation &proper drainage is
recommended.
 Generally crop is irrigated at an interval of
5-6days in summer and 9-10 days in winter.
 Sandy soil require frequent irrigation than
clay soil.

12.  INTRUSTING
BHUT JOLOKIA IS
THE WORLDS
HOTTEST
PEPPER.

14.  Chilli is self-pollinating crop.
 In which pollen grains transfer to stigma of
same flower or different flower in same plant.
 Such crops are highly homozygous.

15. Breeding methods for self
pollinating crops;
COMMONLY USED
METHODS/ GENERAL
BREEDING METHODS
RARELY USED
METHODS
Plant introduction Mutation breeding
Selection(pureline, mass
selection, )
polyploidy
Hybridization(pedigree,
bulk, single seed descent,
backcross)
Transgenic breeding

16. PLANT INTRODUCTION:-
 It is introducing a plant into new regions
from its growing locality.
 Proper management is very important.
 Material which is to be introduced should
not carry any pest and disease.

17. MASS SELECTION:-
 It is oldest method.
 M.S refers to the selection of superior plants
on the basis of phenotype from a mixed
population.Their seeds are bulked &used to
raise the next generation.
 MERIT:-
 Good for improvement of old cultivars&
landraces.
 For purification of improved cultivars.
 Mass selected varieties provide good
protection against diseases.

18.  Mass selected varieties are more stable in
performance than pure line varieties.
 DEMERITS:-
 Progeny test is not carried out.
 The product is less uniform than pure line.


20. PURE-LINE
SELECTION:
 Merits:-
Isolate best
genotypes.
 Demerits:-
 Do not
develop new
genotype.
 Have poor
adaptability
due to narrow
genetic base.

21. HYBRIDIZATION:-
 Crossing of two dissimilar plants is known as
Hybridization.
 A cross is made b/w male parent of one
genotype & female parent of other genotype.
 We get F1 hybrid.
 BULK METHOD:-
 F2 &subsequent generations are harvested in
bulk, &at the end individual plant selection
&evaluation is made in F8.
 Superior progenies are released as new
cultivar.

24. SINGLE SEED DESCENT METHOD:-
 A breeding procedure used with segreggating
populations of self pollinated species in which
plants are advanced by single seed from one
generation to the next is referred to as SSD
method.
 In this method, a single seed from each of 1000-
2000 plants are bulked to raise nnext generation.
 In F3 & subsequent generations one random
seed is selected from every plant in population &
harvested in bulk to raise the next generation

26. VARIETIES OF CAPSICUM ANNUM

27. VARIETIES OF CAPSICUM CHINENSE

28. VARIETIES OF CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS