presentation about khat and its problem

1. Presentation
Khat problem

2. • What is khat?
• Khat is a flowering plant and stimulant drug, which means it speeds up
the messages between the brain and the body. Chewing khat is part of
some social traditions in parts of the Middle East, such as Saudi
Arabia and Yemen, and in Eastern Africa, such as Somaliland.
1.Content of Khat

3. • Khat is native to eastern Africa also chewing has been a
common practice for many years in the Horn of Africa and
the Arabian Peninsula where the khat plant is widely
cultivated and known by a variety of names, including qaat
and jaad in Somaliland, and chat in Ethiopia.

4. •Khat leaves found or contain more and more chemical
constitutes including: cathine, cathinone,
 Aslo we can found khat leave
 Merucathinone , Ethereal oils , Sterols , Triterpeues , Flavonoids , Tannins
 Ascorbic acid

5.  Alkaloids , Terpenoids , Glycosides , Amino acids
 Vitamins and minerals , Phenylalkylamines , Cathedulins ,
Norephedrine.

6. • When taken by mouth: Khat is POSSIBLY UNSAFE for most people.
Although it isn't associated with physical addiction, it can cause
psychological dependence. When people try to stop chewing khat, they
may experience withdrawal. Withdrawal symptoms include irritation,
nervousness, depression, loss of appetite, trembling, feeling hot, sleep
problems, and nightmares.
side effect of eating khat

7. • Khat can also cause many side effects including mood changes,
hyperactivity, aggressiveness, anxiety, depression, high blood
pressure, manic behaviour, paranoia, and psychosis. Trouble
sleeping, loss of energy, and lack of concentration usually follow
after use of khat. Severe side effects from khat
include migraine, bleeding in the brain, heart attack, changes to
blood vessels, lung problems, liver damage, and changes in sex
drive and sexual performance.

8. • Chewing khat leaves has led to infections that can cause problems
such as pain below the ribs, changes in white blood cells, and
an enlarged liver.
• Depression: Chewing khat might make people feel depressed. This
might be especially unsafe in people who already have depression.
Avoid use.

9. • Diabetes: Using khat seems to increase levels of blood
sugar in people with diabetes. Avoid use.
• High blood pressure: Khat might increase blood pressure. This
might be especially unsafe in people who already have high
blood pressure. Avoid use.

10. • Khat a stimulant leaf commonly chewed in Hargeisa, Somaliland, can be
analysed from two perspectives: its contribution to the local economy and its
social and economic impact on individuals and households. Khat sales
generated 20 per cent of the government’s $152m budgets.250,000,000 and
more from us to buy khat in neighbour countries. While the benefit we get
from it is more than the loss we get from the khat business.
Outcome of khat in Hargeisa

11. • 2. Social and economic impact on individuals and households: - Income
diversion: Khat chewing can divert scarce financial resources from essential
needs such as food, healthcare, education, or investment in productive
activities. This may lead to poverty and hinder economic development at the
individual and household level. - Health expenses: The regular chewing of
khat can lead to health issues and increase healthcare expenditures, putting
additional strain on households’ budgets.

12. • 1. Contribution to the local economy: - Employment: Khat production and trade
create employment opportunities in cultivation, packaging, transportation, and
retail sectors. This generates income for a significant number of people in Hargeisa.
- Tax revenue: Governments can tax khat sales, leading to increased revenue
collection, which can be used for public services and development projects. -
Economic activity: The khat market stimulates economic activity as farmers sell their
produce to local traders, who in turn distribute it to retailers and consumers. This
fosters circulation of money within the local economy.

13. • 1. Set a quit date. It might be helpful to choose a meaningful date
like a special event, birthday, or anniversary
• 2. Change your environment. Remove any reminders of your addiction
from your home and workplace
Treatment of khat

14. • 3. Distract yourself. Instead of giving in to an urge to use, come up
with alternative activities, such as going for a walk or calling a friend or
family member to talk, so that you keep busy until the urge passes.
• 4. Review your past attempts at quitting. Think about what
worked and what did not. Consider what might have contributed
to relapse and make changes accordingly.

15. • 5. Create a support network. Talk to your family and friends and ask for their
encouragement and sup-port. Let them know you are quitting. If they use
your object of addiction, ask them not to do so in front of you. If you buy
drugs, you should consider telling your dealer that you are quitting; ask your
dealer not to call you and not to sell you drugs anymore.

16. • The after effects are usually insomnia, numbness and lack of concentration.
The excessive use of khat may create considerable problems of social, health
and economic nature. These problems have been summarily reviewed.
Khat chewing started at different times in different parts of Somaliland.
hazards caused by khat

17. • The major effects of khat chewing are those on the cardiovascular
system including increased blood pressure, increased heart rate,
and increased risk of myocardial infarction. It causes insomnia,
stress, depression, hallucination, and increased risk of brain
stroke.

18. •The studies revealed that Khat chewing was associated
with carelessness, frequent absenteeism from working
place, poor academic performance of chewer students,
poor interaction with the societies, depression and
anxiety, poor confidence, exposed for economic problem,
health problems, conflict in the family

19. • However, critics warn that the flipside to this economic uplift is
that Somaliland's fragile economy loses a large percentage of its
foreign currency through this trade. The country reportedly
spends $524m a year – about 30% of GDP – on khat imported
from Ethiopia

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