Presentation-Drug Disposal.pdf
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MODULE 01.pdf
This chapter discusses various methods for classifying crude drugs, including alphabetical, taxonomic, morphological, pharmacological, chemical, chemotaxonomic, and serotaxonomic classification. The alphabetical classification method arranges crude drugs in alphabetical order by their Latin, English, or local names and is the simplest approach. However, it does not consider the biological relationships between drugs. The taxonomic classification method classifies drugs according to their taxonomic ranks, from kingdom to species, providing information on their biological relationships but it can be complex. Other classification methods organize drugs based on their morphology, pharmacological effects, chemical constituents, or time of collection. Each method has its own strengths and weaknesses.
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Pest Mall, America’s largest DIY home improvement and pest control store deals in some of the best lawn care products such as Bifen IT insecticide in the country. http://www.pestmall.com/bifen-lawn-pest-control.html
EPVC newsletter sixty two-march 2015
The document summarizes recent news in the field of pharmacovigilance and vaccines. It discusses a new HPV vaccine that prevents multiple cancers, efforts to develop a synthetic polio vaccine, a new 3D vaccine for cancer research, and WHO approval of a meningitis vaccine for infants in Africa. It also mentions funding from the Gates Foundation for the synthetic polio vaccine and potential for an anti-HIV agent or Ebola vaccine. The newsletter provides updates on regulatory issues, recalls, and safety announcements regarding medications in Egypt.
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Vinegar Weed Control
This document provides precautions and directions for using Fleischmann's Vinegar Weed Control product. It should only be applied to unwanted vegetation by protected handlers using protective equipment. The product is a 20% acetic acid solution that kills weeds and grasses on contact. It can be used for spot treatment or broadcast spraying of annual and perennial weeds around buildings, landscapes, and rights of way. Proper storage, disposal, and use are described to prevent harm to people, animals, and the environment.
Consumer Products Threaten Aquatic Life - What Citizens Can Do
Consumer Products Threaten Aquatic Life - What Citizens Can Do - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
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Recommended
MODULE 01.pdf
This chapter discusses various methods for classifying crude drugs, including alphabetical, taxonomic, morphological, pharmacological, chemical, chemotaxonomic, and serotaxonomic classification. The alphabetical classification method arranges crude drugs in alphabetical order by their Latin, English, or local names and is the simplest approach. However, it does not consider the biological relationships between drugs. The taxonomic classification method classifies drugs according to their taxonomic ranks, from kingdom to species, providing information on their biological relationships but it can be complex. Other classification methods organize drugs based on their morphology, pharmacological effects, chemical constituents, or time of collection. Each method has its own strengths and weaknesses.
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Pest Mall, America’s largest DIY home improvement and pest control store deals in some of the best lawn care products such as Bifen IT insecticide in the country. http://www.pestmall.com/bifen-lawn-pest-control.html
EPVC newsletter sixty two-march 2015
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SMARxT Medication Disposal
SMARxT Disposal campaign. Safe disposal of prescription drugs and medications to protect the environment, children and pets.
Vinegar Weed Control
This document provides precautions and directions for using Fleischmann's Vinegar Weed Control product. It should only be applied to unwanted vegetation by protected handlers using protective equipment. The product is a 20% acetic acid solution that kills weeds and grasses on contact. It can be used for spot treatment or broadcast spraying of annual and perennial weeds around buildings, landscapes, and rights of way. Proper storage, disposal, and use are described to prevent harm to people, animals, and the environment.
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ENTO 231_L.No.15_Methods of pesticide application and safety of usage.ppt
ENTO 231_L.No.15_Methods of pesticide application and safety of usage.pptAsst Prof SSNAIK ENTO PJTSAU
1. The document discusses pesticide application techniques, classification of spraying methods, phytotoxicity, safe use of pesticides, symptoms and treatment of pesticide poisoning, insecticide resistance, insect resurgence, insecticide residues, and regulatory terms.
2. Key points include classification of spraying based on droplet size and volume, symptoms and first aid for mild to severe pesticide poisoning, mechanisms of insecticide resistance, how insecticides can induce pest resurgence by killing natural enemies, and definitions of terms like maximum residue limits and acceptable daily intake.
3. Safety precautions for pesticide application include proper equipment, clothing, ventilation, cleanup, and avoiding activities like eating, smoking or drinking during use.Insect repellents
Insect repellents are divided into two types based on their source and chemical composition. 1. natural insect repellent 2. synthetic insect repellent.
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Controlled release drug delivery systems can help address challenges in veterinary medicine by reducing stress from repeated dosing and lowering costs. Ruminal, ocular, intravaginal, injectable, and microsphere delivery systems provide controlled release over periods from days to months. Key considerations for veterinary formulations include differences in metabolism, weight variations, and acceptance across species. The FDA regulates veterinary drugs and food products through the Center for Veterinary Medicine.
ECOPHARMACOVIGILANCE
The document discusses ecopharmacovigilance (EPV), which concerns adverse effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment. It notes that active pharmaceutical ingredients are emerging environmental contaminants consumed worldwide at over 100,000 tons annually. Even in trace amounts, they are a concern due to continuous introduction and impact on ecosystems and human/veterinary health. The document outlines sources of pharmaceuticals in the environment like patient excretion, manufacturing waste, and improper disposal. It discusses spread in water and effects of long-term exposure like antimicrobial resistance. Examples given include diclofenac poisoning vultures in South Asia and estrogenic effects on fish. The document advocates approaches like green drug design, minimizing emissions, and improved
Environmental Pharmacology
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Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats using streptozotocin. Creatinine, urea, and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in the rats' blood serum. Creatinine and urea levels were significantly increased in diabetic rats, while an inflammatory marker (IL-10) decreased. Administration of Jatropha curcas extracts to diabetic rats resulted in reductions in creatinine, urea, and inflammatory biomarkers, similar to effects of the antidiabetic drug glibenclamide. The extracts showed protective effects against kidney disorders associated with diabetes mellitus.
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UNIT_I_INTRODUCTION_TO_PHARMACOGNOSY.pptx
This document provides an introduction to pharmacognosy, including definitions, history and sources of drugs from natural origins such as plants, animals and marine sources. It discusses the classification of crude drugs based on various parameters as well as the quality control of natural crude drugs through organoleptic, microscopic, physical, chemical and biological evaluation methods. The topics covered include the scope of pharmacognosy, historical developments, sources of drugs from plants, animals and microbes, and the systematic study of crude drugs.
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Osha and veterinary medicine
OSHA regulations aim to ensure employee safety in veterinary practices. Employers are responsible for providing training on hazards like zoonotic diseases, safe chemical handling, and emergency procedures. Proper personal protective equipment and hygiene help control disease transmission. The written safety plan and regular staff training address risks from animal handling, radiation, waste disposal and other aspects of veterinary medicine. Compliance with OSHA standards helps protect workers' health and safety.
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Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry-I Unit-IPart-1Introduction of Pharmacognosy..pptx
Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry-I Unit-IPart-1Introduction of Pharmacognosy.
History of Pharmacognosy
Primitive era-
Pre-Christian era- Modern Pharmacognosy- SCOPE OF PHARMACOGNOSY
Various sources of drugs
Plants Animals Plant Tissue Culture Marine Sources
Organized drugs, Unorganized drug Crude drugs- Dried latex e.g. Opium
Dried juice e.g. Aloes
Extracts e.g Catechu (Black and pale catechu)
Gums e.g Acacia, trgacanth
Resins:
Gum resins e.g Myrrh
Oleo resin e.g Capsicum
6. Waxes e.g Beeswax
7. Oil e.g Castor oil, Wool fat.
The health hazards of illegal Carbide ripening
1. Fruits and vegetables are highly nutritious but also perishable, leading some to use banned or hazardous chemicals like calcium carbide for artificial ripening. Calcium carbide is carcinogenic and banned, while ethylene gas is considered safe in small amounts for ripening. Colors are also prohibited from use on fruits and vegetables.
2. Major contaminants in fruits and vegetables include pesticide residues, fungal toxins, and heavy metals. Pesticides can have harmful health effects and some residues found include banned pesticides. Heavy metals and fungal toxins also pose health risks.
3. The document provides advice to consumers on selecting, storing, and preparing fruits and vegetables to reduce exposure to
Introduction & Routes of drug administrations
This document discusses pharmacology and the administration of drugs. Pharmacology is the science of drugs and their interaction with living systems. It examines what drugs do to the body in terms of physiological and biochemical effects, as well as what the body does to drugs through processes like absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Drugs can be administered through various routes including local, systemic, oral, rectal, inhalation and parenteral routes. The appropriate administration route depends on factors like the drug properties, desired effects and condition of the patient.
Farm Waste and Site Maintenance
Solid waste from the farm must be disposed of regularly, safely and in accordance with all Federal, state and local regulation.
Solid waste includes sharps, such as needles and scalpels, medication packaging, unused medications, chemical containers and unused chemicals as well as general trash.
The amount of solid waste can be minimized with careful management and organization. Purchase only what is needed, especially products with an expiration date. Keep track of items with expiry dates and organize storage so the oldest products are used first.
Plant protection Code in tea: A step towards safetyof Indian tea
This document outlines guidelines for the safe and effective use of plant protection products in tea plantations in India. It discusses the genesis and principles of the Plant Protection Code, including sustainable pest management practices. A list of approved pesticides is provided, categorized by insecticides, acaricides, fungicides and herbicides. Detailed guidelines address the proper use, storage, transportation and disposal of pesticides to protect the environment, human and biodiversity.
Pesticideanalysis
The document provides an analysis of pesticides proposed for use at the Lamego Research Station in Mozambique. It analyzes the pesticides' registration status, basis for selection, role in integrated pest management, application methods, and toxicological hazards. The pesticides considered include both chemical and botanical options. Strict safety protocols and training for staff will minimize human and environmental risks from pesticide use during carefully monitored research trials. The goal is to develop sustainable crop production techniques through experimentation while protecting worker and environmental safety.
MARINE PHARMACOGNOSY
This document presents information on marine pharmacognosy. It defines marine pharmacognosy as the study of medicinally active natural substances obtained from marine species such as bacteria, viruses, algae, fungi and sponges. It provides examples of commercially used marine drugs and discusses the chemical diversity of compounds isolated from marine organisms. It also outlines proper procedures for collecting, handling, and storing marine organisms to prevent decomposition and chemical degradation.
HAND BOOK ON AGRICULTURE PESTICIDES 2018 BY DR MUHAMMAD ANJUM ALI
This document provides a handbook for agriculture extension agents in Pakistan on pesticides registered in the country. It includes sections on the pesticides registered in Pakistan with their recommended doses and target pests/crops, banned pesticides, good application practices, tips for better crop spraying, safe handling and use of pesticides, product stewardship, first aid measures, and glossaries of crop/pest/pesticide names. The handbook is intended to guide extension agents and farmers on the selection and safe use of pesticides to control pests and ensure crop protection while also caring for human and environmental safety.
Etiqueta virkon s
This document is a sample label for a broad spectrum disinfectant and virucide product called Virkon S. It provides instructions for use against various bacteria, viruses, and fungi that affect animals. It lists pathogens the product is effective against for different animal production settings like poultry, swine, and equine. It also provides dilution instructions and safety precautions, stating the powder form is corrosive and can cause eye and skin damage if not handled properly. The label contains directions for cleaning and disinfecting facilities and equipment used in animal housing and processing.
Breast cancer poster-2023.-Zainabath Mahnoora.pptx
Breast Cancer Awareness Month has
been celebrated every October for the
last 90 years. It is called as “Pink
October” as people around the world
adopt the color pink and display a pink
ribbon to raise awareness about the
importance of prevention and routine
screening for the early diagnosis of
breast cancer.The theme for Breast Cancer
Awareness Month, 2023 is 'Keeping
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, a plea to everyone
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Nipah -Zainabath Mahnoora.pptx
Nipah virus (NiV) causes the deadly viral zoonotic infectious disease called Nipah, that can transmit from animals to humans.
Animals such as bats, most commonly the fruit bats called as flying fox and pigs were the acting carriers of Niv.
Nipah viral infection in humans results in range of clinical presentations such as asymptomatic infection (subclinical) to acute respiratory infection and fatal encephalitis.
This infection has about 40 to 75% fatality rate, which can be varied depending on the local capabilities for epidemiological surveillance and clinical management.
Presently approved treatment or vaccination is unavailable for infected rather than supportive care.
Therefore, the disease calls out for an urgent need for an approved treatment regimen for a proper cure of the disease. As stated by the 2018 annual review of the WHO R&D Blueprint list of priority diseases.
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1. The document discusses pesticide application techniques, classification of spraying methods, phytotoxicity, safe use of pesticides, symptoms and treatment of pesticide poisoning, insecticide resistance, insect resurgence, insecticide residues, and regulatory terms.
2. Key points include classification of spraying based on droplet size and volume, symptoms and first aid for mild to severe pesticide poisoning, mechanisms of insecticide resistance, how insecticides can induce pest resurgence by killing natural enemies, and definitions of terms like maximum residue limits and acceptable daily intake.
3. Safety precautions for pesticide application include proper equipment, clothing, ventilation, cleanup, and avoiding activities like eating, smoking or drinking during use.Insect repellents
Insect repellents are divided into two types based on their source and chemical composition. 1. natural insect repellent 2. synthetic insect repellent.
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Controlled release drug delivery systems can help address challenges in veterinary medicine by reducing stress from repeated dosing and lowering costs. Ruminal, ocular, intravaginal, injectable, and microsphere delivery systems provide controlled release over periods from days to months. Key considerations for veterinary formulations include differences in metabolism, weight variations, and acceptance across species. The FDA regulates veterinary drugs and food products through the Center for Veterinary Medicine.
ECOPHARMACOVIGILANCE
The document discusses ecopharmacovigilance (EPV), which concerns adverse effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment. It notes that active pharmaceutical ingredients are emerging environmental contaminants consumed worldwide at over 100,000 tons annually. Even in trace amounts, they are a concern due to continuous introduction and impact on ecosystems and human/veterinary health. The document outlines sources of pharmaceuticals in the environment like patient excretion, manufacturing waste, and improper disposal. It discusses spread in water and effects of long-term exposure like antimicrobial resistance. Examples given include diclofenac poisoning vultures in South Asia and estrogenic effects on fish. The document advocates approaches like green drug design, minimizing emissions, and improved
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Examples of drugs on various environmental effects are given.
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Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats using streptozotocin. Creatinine, urea, and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in the rats' blood serum. Creatinine and urea levels were significantly increased in diabetic rats, while an inflammatory marker (IL-10) decreased. Administration of Jatropha curcas extracts to diabetic rats resulted in reductions in creatinine, urea, and inflammatory biomarkers, similar to effects of the antidiabetic drug glibenclamide. The extracts showed protective effects against kidney disorders associated with diabetes mellitus.
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This document provides information on the fungicide PROMESS. It is for use on protected broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cauliflower crops to control diseases caused by Pythium, Phytophthora, and Peronospora fungi. The fungicide contains propamocarb hydrochloride and is applied as a preventative soil drench at a rate of 5ml per square meter in 2-4 liters of water. Safety precautions for operators and environmental protection measures are also described.
UNIT_I_INTRODUCTION_TO_PHARMACOGNOSY.pptx
This document provides an introduction to pharmacognosy, including definitions, history and sources of drugs from natural origins such as plants, animals and marine sources. It discusses the classification of crude drugs based on various parameters as well as the quality control of natural crude drugs through organoleptic, microscopic, physical, chemical and biological evaluation methods. The topics covered include the scope of pharmacognosy, historical developments, sources of drugs from plants, animals and microbes, and the systematic study of crude drugs.
CUTRINE-PLUS GRANULAR ALGAECIDE
GENERAL INFORMATION CUTRINE-PLUS GRANULAR ALGAECIDE is effective in controlling a broad range of benthic (bottom-growing) algae including: Chara, Nitella and filamentous forms. CUTRINE-PLUS GRANULAR ALGAECIDE is also effective in controlling the rooted aquatic plant, Hydrilla verticillata. The ethanolamines in CUTRINE-PLUS GRANULAR ALGAECIDE prevent the precipitation of copper with carbonates and bicarbonates in the water. Waters treated with CUTRINE-PLUS GRANULAR ALGAECIDE may be used for swimming, fishing, drinking water treatment, livestock watering or irrigating turf, ornamental plants or crops following treatment.
Osha and veterinary medicine
OSHA regulations aim to ensure employee safety in veterinary practices. Employers are responsible for providing training on hazards like zoonotic diseases, safe chemical handling, and emergency procedures. Proper personal protective equipment and hygiene help control disease transmission. The written safety plan and regular staff training address risks from animal handling, radiation, waste disposal and other aspects of veterinary medicine. Compliance with OSHA standards helps protect workers' health and safety.
PESTICIDES RESIDUES
Pesticides have been linked to a number of health problems, including neurologic and endocrine (hormone) system disorders, birth defects, cancer, and other diseases.
Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry-I Unit-IPart-1Introduction of Pharmacognosy..pptx
Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry-I Unit-IPart-1Introduction of Pharmacognosy.
History of Pharmacognosy
Primitive era-
Pre-Christian era- Modern Pharmacognosy- SCOPE OF PHARMACOGNOSY
Various sources of drugs
Plants Animals Plant Tissue Culture Marine Sources
Organized drugs, Unorganized drug Crude drugs- Dried latex e.g. Opium
Dried juice e.g. Aloes
Extracts e.g Catechu (Black and pale catechu)
Gums e.g Acacia, trgacanth
Resins:
Gum resins e.g Myrrh
Oleo resin e.g Capsicum
6. Waxes e.g Beeswax
7. Oil e.g Castor oil, Wool fat.
The health hazards of illegal Carbide ripening
1. Fruits and vegetables are highly nutritious but also perishable, leading some to use banned or hazardous chemicals like calcium carbide for artificial ripening. Calcium carbide is carcinogenic and banned, while ethylene gas is considered safe in small amounts for ripening. Colors are also prohibited from use on fruits and vegetables.
2. Major contaminants in fruits and vegetables include pesticide residues, fungal toxins, and heavy metals. Pesticides can have harmful health effects and some residues found include banned pesticides. Heavy metals and fungal toxins also pose health risks.
3. The document provides advice to consumers on selecting, storing, and preparing fruits and vegetables to reduce exposure to
Introduction & Routes of drug administrations
This document discusses pharmacology and the administration of drugs. Pharmacology is the science of drugs and their interaction with living systems. It examines what drugs do to the body in terms of physiological and biochemical effects, as well as what the body does to drugs through processes like absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Drugs can be administered through various routes including local, systemic, oral, rectal, inhalation and parenteral routes. The appropriate administration route depends on factors like the drug properties, desired effects and condition of the patient.
Farm Waste and Site Maintenance
Solid waste from the farm must be disposed of regularly, safely and in accordance with all Federal, state and local regulation.
Solid waste includes sharps, such as needles and scalpels, medication packaging, unused medications, chemical containers and unused chemicals as well as general trash.
The amount of solid waste can be minimized with careful management and organization. Purchase only what is needed, especially products with an expiration date. Keep track of items with expiry dates and organize storage so the oldest products are used first.
Plant protection Code in tea: A step towards safetyof Indian tea
This document outlines guidelines for the safe and effective use of plant protection products in tea plantations in India. It discusses the genesis and principles of the Plant Protection Code, including sustainable pest management practices. A list of approved pesticides is provided, categorized by insecticides, acaricides, fungicides and herbicides. Detailed guidelines address the proper use, storage, transportation and disposal of pesticides to protect the environment, human and biodiversity.
Pesticideanalysis
The document provides an analysis of pesticides proposed for use at the Lamego Research Station in Mozambique. It analyzes the pesticides' registration status, basis for selection, role in integrated pest management, application methods, and toxicological hazards. The pesticides considered include both chemical and botanical options. Strict safety protocols and training for staff will minimize human and environmental risks from pesticide use during carefully monitored research trials. The goal is to develop sustainable crop production techniques through experimentation while protecting worker and environmental safety.
MARINE PHARMACOGNOSY
This document presents information on marine pharmacognosy. It defines marine pharmacognosy as the study of medicinally active natural substances obtained from marine species such as bacteria, viruses, algae, fungi and sponges. It provides examples of commercially used marine drugs and discusses the chemical diversity of compounds isolated from marine organisms. It also outlines proper procedures for collecting, handling, and storing marine organisms to prevent decomposition and chemical degradation.
HAND BOOK ON AGRICULTURE PESTICIDES 2018 BY DR MUHAMMAD ANJUM ALI
This document provides a handbook for agriculture extension agents in Pakistan on pesticides registered in the country. It includes sections on the pesticides registered in Pakistan with their recommended doses and target pests/crops, banned pesticides, good application practices, tips for better crop spraying, safe handling and use of pesticides, product stewardship, first aid measures, and glossaries of crop/pest/pesticide names. The handbook is intended to guide extension agents and farmers on the selection and safe use of pesticides to control pests and ensure crop protection while also caring for human and environmental safety.
Etiqueta virkon s
This document is a sample label for a broad spectrum disinfectant and virucide product called Virkon S. It provides instructions for use against various bacteria, viruses, and fungi that affect animals. It lists pathogens the product is effective against for different animal production settings like poultry, swine, and equine. It also provides dilution instructions and safety precautions, stating the powder form is corrosive and can cause eye and skin damage if not handled properly. The label contains directions for cleaning and disinfecting facilities and equipment used in animal housing and processing.
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adopt the color pink and display a pink
ribbon to raise awareness about the
importance of prevention and routine
screening for the early diagnosis of
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Awareness Month, 2023 is 'Keeping
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, a plea to everyone
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Animals such as bats, most commonly the fruit bats called as flying fox and pigs were the acting carriers of Niv.
Nipah viral infection in humans results in range of clinical presentations such as asymptomatic infection (subclinical) to acute respiratory infection and fatal encephalitis.
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As per a study (Sizar et al., 2021), Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is highly prevalent among
more than one billion people worldwide. Vitamin D is of 2 types vitamin D3 and vitamin D2;
It is a prohormone and has a significant role in controlling calcium and phosphorus
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cesarean section. Pregnant, lactating, dark-toned (highly melanin pigmented), obese
children and children and adults who abstained from direct sun exposure are at high risk of
VDD. Consequentially use of sunscreen, season, altitude, latitude, time of the day, and
clothing influence the sun-induced synthesis of vitamin D3 in the skin. UV-B and some UV-A
radiation are absorbed by sunscreen, thus preventing it from reaching the skin and leading
to VDD.
MONKEYPOX.pdf
Monkeypox is derived from the genus Orthopoxvirus from the family Poxividae. This
genus has two kinds of viruses: smallpox and monkeypox virus. Monkeypox is a
zoonotic disease (spread from animal to human or vice versa) and was initially
diagnosed with pox-like symptoms on colonies of monkeys kept for research in 1958,
hence the name monkeypox. At the time of the elimination of smallpox in 1970,
monkeypox in humans was first identified in the Democratic Republic of Congo and
later in Central and Western African countries.1,2 In 2019, a newer vaccinia vaccine
was approved to prevent the disease. Furthermore, investigations are still carried out
on the same.
Animal-to-human (zoonotic) transmission can occur from direct contact with
infected animals' blood, bodily fluids, or cutaneous or mucosal lesions. In Africa,
evidence of monkeypox virus infection has been found in many animals, including
rope squirrels, tree squirrels, Gambian pouched rats, dormice, different species of
monkeys, and others. It was also found that eating improperly/half-cooked meat is
also a cause. The disease spread outside Africa by infected travellers and imported
infected animals. In 2018-2019, cases of monkeypox were confirmed in travellers
from Nigeria, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and Israel. Human-to-human
transmission can result from close contact with respiratory secretions and lesions of
the skin.3
Risk groups include people with severe illnesses who require hospitalization or an
immune-compromised person (HIV, leukaemia, etc); patients with comorbidities, a
pediatric population less than eight years old, and pregnant or breastfeeding women.2
The incubation period is generally 6-13 days, but it can range from 5-21 days. The
disease progression has two phases: The invasive phase (0-5 days), characterized by
headache, fever, back pain, myalgia, fatigue and lymphadenopathy. The rash
appearing phase (1-3 days) begins after the onset of the first phase and is
characterized by the appearance of rashes on the face and then spreads up to the
trunk and limbs of the body. Rashes evolve from macules (flat base lesions) to papules
(firm lesions), then vesicles (clear fluid- filled lesions), and finally postulates
(yellowish fluid-filled lesions) and crusts. It affects the face (in 95% of cases), palms
of the hands, and soles of the feet (in 75% of cases). Also affected were oral mucous
membranes (in 70% of cases), genitalia (30%), conjunctivae (20%), as well as cornea.
Complications of monkeypox include pneumonitis, encephalitis, sight-threatening
keratitis, and secondary bacterial infections.3,4
Nipah virus.docx
Nipah virus (NiV) causes the deadly viral zoonotic infectious disease called Nipah, that
can transmit from animals to humans.
• Animals such as bats, most commonly the fruit bats called as flying fox and pigs were
the acting carriers of Niv.
• Nipah viral infection in humans results in range of clinical presentations such as
asymptomatic infection (subclinical) to acute respiratory infection and fatal
encephalitis.
• This infection has about 40 to 75% fatality rate, which can be varied depending on
the local capabilities for epidemiological surveillance and clinical management.
• Presently approved treatment or vaccination is unavailable for infected rather than
supportive care.
• Therefore, the disease calls out for an urgent need for an approved treatment
regimen for a proper cure of the disease. As stated by the 2018 annual review of the
WHO R&D Blueprint list of priority diseases.
World Pharmacist Day.pdf
“Pharmacy strengthening health
systems” is the theme of World
Pharmacists Day on 25 September
This subject basically emphasises how crucial pharmacy is to maintaining and
strengthening the healthcare system for the benefit of people and communities
across the globe.
History of World Pharmacist Day
At the 2009 International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Congress in
Istanbul, Turkey, the notion of a global pharmacist day was created. The FIP
Council selected pharmacy leaders from across the world and endorsed World
Pharmacists Day on September 25.
LEAD POISONING- Zainabath, 25 Oct 2023.pdf
The Week is an initiative of the Global Alliance to Eliminate Lead Paint (Lead Paint
Alliance), which is jointly led by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and World
Health Organization (WHO). It takes place annually in October. International Lead
Poisoning Prevention Week 2023 takes place from 22-28 October.
The week of action aims to draw attention to the health impacts of lead exposure,
highlight efforts by countries and partners to prevent childhood lead exposure, and
accelerate efforts to phase out the use of lead in paint and paint products in future.
#leadpoisoning
AIR POLLUTION- Oct, 2023.pdf
Air pollution is a familiar environmental health hazard. We know what we’re looking at
when brown haze settles over a city, exhaust billows across a busy highway, or a plume
rises from a smokestack. Some air pollution is not seen, but its pungent smell alerts you.
It is a major threat to global health and prosperity. Air pollution, in all forms, is responsible
for more than 6.5 million deaths each year globally, a number that has increased over the
past two decades.
Air pollution is a mix of hazardous substances from both human-made and natural sources.
Vehicle emissions, fuel oils and natural gas to heat homes, by-products of manufacturing
and power generation, particularly coal-fueled power plants, and fumes from chemical
production are the primary sources of human-made air pollution.
Nature releases hazardous substances into the air, such as smoke from wildfires, which are
often caused by people; ash and gases from volcanic eruptions; and gases, like methane,
which are emitted from decomposing organic matter in soils.
Tips to reduce bloating, Nov, 2023-Zainabath.pptx
Bloating is a condition where your belly feels full and tight, often due to gas.
People might confuse bloating with other reasons for a more noticeable belly, such as abdominal wall laxity, or looseness. This is common, especially among older women and those who have had children.
It's important to know the difference so you can get the right treatment. A toned abdomen can make it easier to see a difference when the gut is full of food or stool.
Breast cancer poster-2023.-Zainabath Mahnoora.pptx
Breast Cancer Awareness Month has
been celebrated every October for the
last 90 years. It is called as “Pink
October” as people around the world
adopt the color pink and display a pink
ribbon to raise awareness about the
importance of prevention and routine
screening for the early diagnosis of
breast cancer.
The theme for Breast Cancer
Awareness Month, 2023 is 'Keeping
Her in the Picture'
, a plea to everyone
to keep an eye on the well-being of the
significant women in their lives.
Nipah -Zainabath Mahnoora.pptx
Nipah virus (Niv) is a zoonotic virus that can spread between animals and people. Fruit bats, also called flying foxes, are the NIV reservoir among animals in nature. Spread of disease occurs from the infected fruit bats to other animals, such as pigs, and from infected animals to humans. The infection occurs through contaminated fruits by the animal's body fluids such as saliva, urine, or blood. Therefore, the initial spread is from animals to humans and then within humans.
Thus, the infection caused by Niv results in milder to severe illness ranging from acute respiratory tract infection to severe brain encephalitis (swelling of the brain). The Nipah outbreaks were most commonly observed in parts of Asia, primarily India and Bangladesh. This outbreak reported 40-75% of deaths in 1998 and 2018.
Past outbreaks
Nipah virus (NiV) was first identified in Malaysia and Singapore following an outbreak of disease in pigs and people in 1999. This outbreak resulted in more than 100 deaths and nearly 300 infected cases in people. More than a million pigs were killed to control further outbreaks of disease, and there have been no outbreaks in both countries since 1999.
In 2001, an annual outbreak of the disease was observed in Bangladesh. It was also periodically identified in India. The quick spread of the virus from animals to humans raised concern about NIV and made it a global pandemic.
Transmission
The first known outbreak in Singapore and Malaysia was through direct contact with the Nipah (Niv) infected pigs or their body fluids. It identified that the infected pigs got the Niv strain from bats, which subsequently resulted in transmission of the viral strains from pigs to humans by their unprotected exposure to infected animal species, which in turn led to a severe health issue in contact with humans that was even fatal due to unavailability of proper medications or vaccinations. There was no report of person-person transmission of disease in the outbreak.
Whereas person-person transmission was first reported in India (2001) and Bangladesh (2001-2008) by consumption of fruits and vegetables contaminated by the body fluids of infected animals caused Nipah virus infection.
The spread of the Nipah virus (NiV) from people was through the following causes:
• Direct contact with infected animals or their body fluids (such as bats or pigs).
• Consumption of fruits or vegetables contaminated by the body fluids of infected animals (such as palm sap).
• Close or direct contact with Niv infected person infected their body fluids (such as nasal droplets, blood, or urine).
Signs and Symptoms
The symptoms commonly appear 4-14 days after exposure to the virus. However, in many cases incubation period as long as 45 days has been reported.
Symptoms may initially include one or several of the following for 3-14days:
• Fever
• Headache
• Vomiting
Signs of respiratory illness:
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Difficulty breathing
JOURNAL PRESENTATION
This study examined disposal practices of unused and expired medications among the general public in Kabul, Afghanistan. 301 participants were surveyed. The study found that while most participants purchased medications with prescriptions and checked expiration dates, the majority disposed of unused/expired drugs by throwing them in household trash. Nearly all recognized the environmental and health risks of improper disposal. The study concludes that clear guidance and awareness campaigns on safe disposal are needed in Afghanistan, and that pharmacists are well-positioned to educate the public.
CASE FILE PRESENTATION ON DUODENAL ULCER.pptx
This document presents a case study of a 21-year-old male patient admitted to the hospital with duodenal ulcer. Objective findings from examinations confirmed the diagnosis of duodenal ulcer seen on endoscopy. The patient's history of irregular eating habits and skipping meals contributed to ulcer development. A treatment plan was developed using pantoprazole, sucralfate, tramadol, ondansetron, and magnesium hydroxide to treat the ulcer and relieve symptoms while monitoring for drug toxicity and therapeutic response through follow-up endoscopy. Patient education focused on the disease, medication use, and importance of regular eating.
Minor ailments .pptx
MINOR AILMENTS:
Menstrual pain- Pharmacology and non-pharmacological methods
Food allergy
Drug allergy
SMOKING CESSATION.pptx
This document discusses smoking cessation and methods for quitting smoking. It notes that tobacco smoke contains over 4000 chemicals including nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide and other toxins. Quitting smoking can increase life expectancy, reduce health risks, and improve quality of life. Common diseases caused by smoking include various cancers, cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses. Non-pharmacological methods for quitting involve behavioral changes, counseling and motivational techniques. Pharmacological aids include nicotine replacement therapies like patches, gum and lozenges, as well as prescription drugs. With treatment, withdrawal symptoms are temporary and health benefits of quitting can be seen over time.
Bioavailability-Kinetics.pptx
Bioavailability is defined as the rate and extent of absorption of a drug from its dosage form. It is determined by comparing the absorption of a drug formulation to a reference standard, usually intravenous administration. There are two main categories for quantitatively measuring bioavailability - pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic methods. Pharmacokinetic methods, like plasma level-time studies, are most widely used and reliable. They involve collecting serial blood samples after drug administration to obtain plasma concentration-time profiles and calculate parameters like Cmax, Tmax, and AUC. Urinary excretion studies can also be used if a significant portion of the drug is excreted unchanged in urine. Pharmacodynamic methods measure physiological effects but are more variable and difficult to
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Presentation-Drug Disposal.pdf
- 4. why should we dispose medicines safely ?
- 5. 1. DRUG TAKE –BACK LOCATIONS PHARMACY 🚕 POLICE STATION 👩✈
- 6. 2. FLUSHING DOWN THE MEDICINES IN TO THE TOILET [ https://www.fda.gov/drugs/disposal-unused-medicines-what- you-should-know/drug-disposal-fda-flush-list-certain-medicines ] IF NO NEARBY LOCATION ARE AVAILABLE: Ingest
- 7. 3. THROWING MEDICINES INTO TRASH Ø Remove from container and mix with dirt/coffee grounds Ø Place mixture in a sealed bag Ø Finally throw bag into trash Ø Scratch information from label of container
- 8. It cause threat to both aquatic and terrestrial animals IMPROPER DISPOSAL OF EXPIRED AND UNUSED DRUGS LEADS TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Renal impairement vultures Dead cattle corpse Ingest Feminizees male fish and vice -versa Ingest In water bodies
- 9. Who is responsible to create awarness for proper disposal of unused and expired medicines? ØPharmaceutical industries ØPhysician ØPharmacist ØAcknowledged public