ppt

2. Naturalism is one of the oldest schools of philosophy in the
western
world. Naturalism is Naturocentric- nature is the centre. The term
naturalism is derived from the word ‘nature’ which may be referred
in
two sense- in one sense it means the physical phenomenon of the
universe and in the other sense it stands for the intrinsic innate
endowment of individuals. Thus “naturalism is the doctrine which
separates nature from God, subordinates spirit to matter and set up
unchangeable natural laws as supreme”-James Ward

3. TYPES OF NATURALISM
There are three types of naturalism
(i) physical Naturalism : This philosophy holds that human life is
governed by physical laws.
(ii) Mechanical naturalism: Man is merely a machine.
(iii) Biological Naturalism : This philosophy believes that man has
evolved to his present state from lower forms of life.

4. PRINCIPLES
# Nature is the ultimate reality. Man subordinate to nature.
There is nothing like supernaturalism.
# Laws of nature are unchangeable and the entire universe is
governed by it.
# According tonaturalists, science reveals the mysteries of nature
and hence scientific knowledge is final.
# The real world is the material.
# Naturalism has no faith in soul or spirit. It does not believe in
divinity.human life is interpreted in terms of matter only.

5. # A naturalist thinks that everything that comes to us from nature is
good but it degenerates in the hands of man.
# Naturalists regard that in the natural order of things all human beings
are equal.
# Naturalism believes that senses are the gateways of knowledge.
# Values are created in terms of specific needs.
# Man creates societies to meet some of its needs.
# All things originated from matter and will reduce to matter.

6. EDUCATIONAL AIMS
# Self expression
# Education should aim at sublimating, redirecting and coordinating the
natural impulses of the child for the attainment of natural goals.
# The aim of education, should be to equip the individual for the struggle
for existence and thus ensure his survival.
# Education should enable an individual to live in harmony with its
surroundings and environments.
# Creation of a natural man free from the contaminations and
artificialities of human society.

7. METHOD OF TEACHING
# Experience is the best teacher
# The child should observe things and discover for himself
# Every child has the ability to acquire knowledge and to benefit from it.
# The naturalist advocates that the child is expected to acquire
information.
Knowledge and ideas by himself.
# Teach by doing whatever you can, and only fall back upon words when
doing is out of question.
# Social learning through participation

8. CURRICULUM
# curriculum should cater to the aptitudes, interests and needs of the
child.
# Curriculum should be constructed to meet the needs of the child
according to the nature of development at each stage.
# It lays stress on the subjects which are helpful in the self preservation
of man.
# Naturalism stress basic science.
# It gives importance to physical and health science.

9. CONTRIBUTIONS TO EDUCATION
# Naturalism has brought to the forefront the importance of the
recognition of the child in the process of education.
# Naturalism has very clearly drawn the attention of the educators to
study child carefully and provide education accordingly.
# Naturalism has stressed that the educative process should be made
pleasurable and enjoyable.
# Naturalism has given birth to new educational institutions.