3. I. THE ROLE OF PHILOSOPHY IN
EDUCATION
There are many reasons for
believing that education is the
ultimate human task. It is the
process by which a helpless
and ignorant infant is
transformed into a human
being.
Human beings are capable of
5. III. IDEALISM
Definition
Idealism is a philosophy that
proclaims the spiritual nature of men
and the universe.
Its basic viewpoint stresses
important element in life.
It holds that the good, true, and
beautiful are permanently part of a
related coherent, orderly, and
unchanging universe.
6. III. IDEALISM (continuation…)
In Idealism all reality is reducible
to one fundamental substance –
spirit. Matter is not real. It is only
the mind that is real.
Idealism believes in refined
wisdom. It is based on the view
that reality is world within a
person’s mind.
7. Nature
Advocates that education is both
a basic need and basic right of
man.
Assumption
God is the absolute ideal and all
positive values are full realized
and enjoyed through Him.
The self is the ultimate reality of
individual experiences.
8. Educational Aim
To develop the individual
spiritually, mentally and morally.
Curricular Emphasis
Subject Matter of mind:
• Literature
• History
• Philosophy
• Religion
• Mathematics
• Arts
10. Role of Teachers
• Chief source of
inspiration
• Creator of educational
environment
Role of School
• Agency of the society
• Thinking institution
11. IV. REALISM
Definition
Realism believes in the world as it
is. It is based on the view that
reality is what we observe. It
believes that truth is what we sense
and observe and that goodness is
found in order of the laws of nature.
As a result, schools exist in reveal
the order of the world and universe.
Students are taught factual
information.
12. Nature
Advocates that values are
dependent upon the attitudes
of the sentiment beings
experiencing them.
Believe that investigating and
reasoning are important in any
effective adjustment to the real
world in the control of
experience.
13. Assumption
Mind is like a mirror receiving
images from the physical world.
Consciousness is not a
substance, it is an awareness of
experience and experience is a
medium in which objects and
origin are related.
Educational Aim
Gives direction and form to
individual’s basic potentialities
14. Curricular Emphasis
Combination of subject matter
and problem- centered concepts
or real problems towards
acquisition of desirable habits:
• Study habits
• Research skills
• Experimentation
• Analytical and critical thinking
• Application of principles
• Habit of enjoyment
16. Teaching Method
Scientific Methods
Character Development
Training in rules of conduct
Role of Teachers
Help develop initiative and ability
to control their experiences
Help realize that they can enter
into the meaning of their
experiences
The students would be taught
factual information for mastery
17. Role of School
Further develop discipline
Utilize pupil activity through
instruction
Speak with authority
Regard the pupil as more
superior than other objects
Change in the school would be
perceived as a natural evolution
toward perfection of order
18. V. PROPONENTS OF
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
IDEALIST REALIST
PLATO
“Every individual is born good,
and is capable to sense,
perceive and think
ARISTOTLE
Founder of realism
Invented the formal logic
Notion of casualties
19. V. PROPONENTS OF
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
IDEALIST REALIST
SOCRATES
“the unexamined life is not
worth living”
JOHN LOCKE
“a good life was life of
pleasure”
“the primary qualities of
experience exist in the
physical world”
“the mind of the child at
birth is similar to a blank
sheet of paper upon which
the world proceeds to write
its impression”
20. V. PROPONENTS OF
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
IDEALIST REALIST
RENE DESCARTES
Father of modern philosophy
Famous words “ Cogito, ergo
sum”
“I think, therefore I am”
JOHN COMENIUS
“mind is like a mirror
receiving images from the
outside world”
JOHANN HENRICH
PESTALOZZI
Principle of Apperception
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
He placed a special emphasis
on the learning by experience
“man is born free but
everywhere is in chain”
21. VI. IDEALISM AND REALISM IN
EDUCATION
Idealism is often considered a
conservative philosophy of
education. Idealistic education
emphasizes the cognitive side,
intellectualism or elitist, to the
detriment of the physical and
effective side of development.
Idealism views formal education
not for the masses but for a chosen
22. VI. IDEALISM AND REALISM IN
EDUCATION
Realism holds that reality, knowledge
and value exist independent of the
human kind. For the realist, matter is
real
Realists are concerned with the
necessity of students measuring up to
the standard curriculum or external
criteria of excellence.
23. VI. IDEALISM AND REALISM IN
EDUCATION
They believe that the “superior”
students should be given the arts
and sciences while “slower” students
should be given a narrow technical-
vocational training. realism favors a
fact-based approach to knowledge.