ppt

2. Naturalism is one of the oldest schools of philosophy in
the western
world. Naturalism is Naturocentric- nature is the centre. The
term
naturalism is derived from the word ‘nature’ which may be
referred in
two sense- in one sense it means the physical phenomenon of
the
universe and in the other sense it stands for the intrinsic
innate
endowment of individuals. Thus “naturalism is the doctrine
which
separates nature from God, subordinates spirit to matter and
set up
unchangeable natural laws as supreme”-James Ward

3. There are three types of naturalism
(i) physical Naturalism : This philosophy holds that human
life is governed by physical laws.
(ii) Mechanical naturalism: Man is merely a machine.
(iii) Biological Naturalism : This philosophy believes that
man has evolved to his present state from lower forms of
life.

4. # Nature is the ultimate reality. Man subordinate to
nature. There is nothing like supernaturalism.
# Laws of nature are unchangeable and the entire universe is
governed by it.
# According tonaturalists, science reveals the mysteries of
nature and hence scientific knowledge is final.
# The real world is the material.
# Naturalism has no faith in soul or spirit. It does not believe
in divinity.human life is interpreted in terms of matter
only.

5. # A naturalist thinks that everything that comes to us from
nature is good but it degenerates in the hands of man.
# Naturalists regard that in the natural order of things all
human beings are equal.
# Naturalism believes that senses are the gateways of
knowledge.
# Values are created in terms of specific needs.
# Man creates societies to meet some of its needs.
# All things originated from matter and will reduce to matter.

6. # Self expression
# Education should aim at sublimating, redirecting and
coordinating the natural impulses of the child for the
attainment of natural goals.
# The aim of education, should be to equip the individual for
the struggle for existence and thus ensure his survival.
# Education should enable an individual to live in harmony
with its surroundings and environments.
# Creation of a natural man free from the contaminations
and artificialities of human society.

7. # Experience is the best teacher
# The child should observe things and discover for himself
# Every child has the ability to acquire knowledge and to
benefit from it.
# The naturalist advocates that the child is expected to
acquire information.
Knowledge and ideas by himself.
# Teach by doing whatever you can, and only fall back upon
words when doing is out of question.
# Social learning through participation

8. # curriculum should cater to the aptitudes, interests and
needs of the child.
# Curriculum should be constructed to meet the needs of the
child according to the nature of development at each
stage.
# It lays stress on the subjects which are helpful in the self
preservation of man.
# Naturalism stress basic science.
# It gives importance to physical and health science.

9. # Naturalism has brought to the forefront the importance of
the recognition of the child in the process of education.
# Naturalism has very clearly drawn the attention of the
educators to study child carefully and provide education
accordingly.
# Naturalism has stressed that the educative process should
be made pleasurable and enjoyable.
# Naturalism has given birth to new educational institutions.