Adult learning refers to learning beyond compulsory schooling that can take place in formal education programs, on-the-job training, or through self-directed learning. Andragogy is the method and practice of teaching adult learners, in contrast to pedagogy which focuses on teaching children. Some key aspects of andragogy are that it emphasizes self-directed, problem-based and collaborative learning rather than didactic teaching methods. Adult learners learn best when the instruction is relevant, interactive, practical, and respects their experience.

1. ADULT LEARNING

2. Adult Learning…
Adult learning is any
"post-compulsory"
learning.
It is a broad term that can
comprise formal college
education; job related
training, community
education, or self
improvement.

3. Andragogy
 uses approaches to
learning that are
problem-based and
collaborative rather than
didactic
 emphasizes more quality
between the teacher and
learner

4. Theory of Adult Education
Andragogy was originally
used by Alexander
Kapp but was later
developed into a theory
of adult education by
the American educator
Malcolm Knowles.

5. Andragogy vs. Pedagogy
Knowles asserted that andragogy (Greek: "man-leading") should be
distinguished from the more commonly used pedagogy (Greek:
"child-leading").

6. Knowles’ Andragogical
Assumptions
 concept of the learner
 role of the learner’s experience
 readiness to learn
 orientation to learning
 need to know
 motivation

7. Types of Education and Settings for
Learning
 Formal
 Schools and universities
 Nonformal
 Organized outside the formal system
 Informal
 From everyday interactions

9. Characteristics of Adult Learners
 autonomous and self-
directed
 have accumulated a
foundation of life
experiences and
knowledge
 goal-oriented
 relevancy-oriented
 practical
 need to be shown respect

10. Motivating the Adult Learner
 social relationships
 external
expectations
 social welfare
 personal
advancement
 escape/stimulation

11. Barriers
 lack of time, money,
confidence, or interest
 lack of information about
opportunities to learn
 scheduling problems
 "red tape"
 problems with child care
 transportation
 motivation factors

12. Critical Elements of Learning
 Motivation
 Reinforcement
 Retention
 Transference

13. Adults learn best when…
 Prior learning is  Mistakes are seen as
appreciated and/or opportunities to learn
rewarded  Instruction provides
 Subject matter is relevant opportunity for interaction
to their needs  Dialog is part of the
learning
 Full of partial opportunity
 Practical/hands-on
for self direction is
experience is part of the
provided learning
 They can employ critical

14. Experiencing
Adult
Revising and Reflection
repeating and sharing
Experiential
Learning
Applying Interpreting
Cycle
Generalizing

15. Important Points of Adult
Learning
 Adults will commit to learning
when the goals and objectives
are considered realistic and
important to them.
 Adults want to be the origin of
their own learning and will resist
learning activities they believe
are an attack on their
competence.
 Adult learning has ego involved.
 Adults need to participate in
small-group activities during the

16. Important Points of Adult
Learning
 Adults need to receive
feedback on how they are
doing and the results of their
efforts.
 Adult learners come to
learning with a wide range of
previous experiences,
knowledge, self-direction,
interests, and competencies.
 Transfer of learning for adults
is not automatic and must be
facilitated.