i am the student of lahore college for women university. i have made this presentation is on vaccination. as you know vaccination is important for all. so its benefits, importance, advantages and disadvantages are mentioned in this. diseases which are cured by vaccination are also mentioned. types are also mention.

2. 1. Hajra Jamil
2. Fatima Khalid
3. Sarah Asad
4. Safa Sagheer

4. After conducting this seminar the people will be able to:
Know about what are vaccines, who invented them and how are they
important for a healthy human life.
Understand the different types of vaccines used from the birth to onwards.
Know about the different types of diseases which can be cured by using
vaccines.
Know how vaccines help the children to become immunized from diseases
caused by bacteria or viruses.
Understand how vaccines helps to control diseases and prevent them from
coming back after they are controlled.
Know about how vaccines can be helpful to protect the future generations.
Know about what are risk factors caused to children after getting vaccination.
Get clarified about the reasons for missing the vaccination.

5. The word was introduced in 1796.
Created by EDWARD JENNER in ENGLANG.
Originated from latin word “VACCA” meaning COW.

6. Vaccines:
“A biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to
a particular disease.”
It contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing
microorganism.
It is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbes, its
toxins, or one of its surface proteins.
The agent stimulates the body's immune system.

7. Vaccination:
“The administration of vaccines is called vaccination.”
The other name of vaccination is IMMUNIZATION.
They are an important form of primary prevention.
It means they can protect people from getting sick.
Vaccinations have allowed us to control diseases that once
threatened many lives, such as:
Measles
Polio
Tetanus
Whooping Cough, etc

8. There are 4 main types of vaccines:
1. Live-attenuated vaccines
2. Inactivated vaccines
3. Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate
vaccines
4. Toxoid vaccines

9. 1. Live-Attenuated Vaccines:
Live vaccines use a weakened (or attenuated) form of the germ that causes a
disease.
These vaccines are similar to the natural infection
They help to prevent and create a strong and long-lasting immune response.
Just 1 or 2 doses of most live vaccines can give you a lifetime of protection
against a germ and the disease it causes.
Live vaccines are used to protect against:
Measles, mumps, Rubella
Rotavirus
Smallpox
Chickenpox
Yellow fever

10. 2. Inactivated Vaccines:
Inactivated vaccines use the killed version of the germ that causes a
disease.
Inactivated vaccines usually don’t provide immunity (protection) that’s
as strong as live vaccines.
So you may need several doses over time (booster shots) in order to get
ongoing immunity against diseases.
Inactivated vaccines are used to protect against:
Hepatitis A
Flu
Polio
Rabies

11. 3. Subunit, Recombinant,
Polysaccharide, and Conjugate Vaccines:
Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines use
specific pieces of the germ like its protein, sugar, or capsid.
They give a very strong immune response that is targeted to key parts
of the germ.
These vaccines are used to protect against:
Hib Disease
Hepatitis B
HPV
Whooping Cough
Pneumococcal disease
Meningococcal disease
Shingles

12. 4. Toxoid Vaccines:
Toxoid vaccines use a toxin (harmful product) made by the germ that
causes a disease.
They create immunity to the parts of the germ that cause a disease
instead of the germ itself.
That means the immune response is targeted to the toxin instead of the
whole germ.
Toxoid vaccines are used to protect against:
Diphtheria
Tetanus

13. Measles
Whooping cough (pertussis)
Flu
Polio
Pneumococcal disease
Tetanus
Meningococcal disease
Hepatitis B
Mumps
HIB (Haemophilus Influenza type B)

14. 1. Measles:
What it is:
A highly contagious viral infection that involves the respiratory system,
including:
 The lungs
 breathing tubes.
How we get it:
The measles virus gets into the air when someone who has it coughs or
sneezes.
It can also last for up to 2 hours on something they
touched.
Why it’s serious:
Measles can cause:
 Pneumonia
 Brain swelling, and
 Death.

15. 2. WHOOPING COUGH (PERTUSIS):
What it is:
 A lung infection that makes it hard to breathe due to severe coughing.
How we get it:
People can breathe in the pertussis bacteria when someone who has whooping
cough coughs or sneezes.
Why it’s serious:
It can be life-threatening, especially in babies less
than 1 year old.
Whooping cough can lead to:
 Pneumonia
 Seizures and
 Slowed or stopped breathing.

16. 3. FLU:
What it is:
 A viral infection of the nose, lungs, and throat.
How we get it:
When someone with the flu coughs, sneezes, or talks, droplets can spread up to 6 feet
away.
People get the virus from the air.
By touching something the sick person touched and then touching their own nose or
mouth.
Why it’s serious:
The flu can create severe complications for
people with asthma or diabetes.

17. 4. POLIO:
What it is:
 A viral disease that affects the muscles.
How we get it:
The polio virus lives in the intestines.
You can get infected by coming into
contact with a sick person’s feces.
Why it’s serious:
Polio can cause:
 Brain infection
 Paralysis and
 Death.

18. 5. PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE:
What it is:
A bacterial disease that can cause many types of illness including:
 Pneumonia
 Ear and blood infections
 Meningitis (which affects the brain and spinal cord).
How we get it:
By coming into contact with an infected person’s
mucus or saliva.
Why it’s serious:
Complications can be serious and fatal.
If it causes meningitis or infects the blood, these
can be life-threatening.

19. 6. TETANUS:
What it is:
A bacterial disease that causes
 Lockjaw,
 Breathing problems,
 Muscle spasms,
 Paralysis, and
 Death.
How we get it:
The bacteria that causes tetanus is found in soil, dust, and manure.
It can get in your body through a cut or open sore.
Why it’s serious:
10% to 20% of tetanus cases are fatal.
Deaths are more common in people who are older than 60 or who have diabetes.

20. 7. MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE:
What it is:
A bacterial disease that can cause
 Meningitis
 An infection and Swelling of the brain and spinal cord.
It can also infect the blood.
How we get it:
It's caused by bacteria that live in the back of an infected
person' nose and throat.
 It can spread through kissing or just living with
someone who is infected.
Why it’s serious:
Fever that starts suddenly
Headache
Stiff neck

21. 8. HEPATITIS B:
What it is:
A chronic liver disease caused by the hepatitis B virus.
How we get it:
People with hepatitis B have the virus in their blood and other bodily fluids.
Adults usually spread it through sex or sharing needles.
A pregnant woman can pass it to her baby.
Why it’s serious:
It can lead to liver cancer.
It leads to long-lasting liver diseases, which can be deadly.

22. 9. MUMPS:
What it is:
A disease caused by a virus that gives people:
 Swollen salivary glands
 Fever & Headache
It also makes you feel tired and curbs your appetite.
How we get it:
 When someone with mumps coughs or sneezes, the
virus gets into the air, and other people can breathe it in.
Why it’s serious:
It can lead to meningitis.
It can cause long-lasting health problems, including
deafness.

23. 10. HIB (HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B):
What it is:
A bacterial disease that infects:
 Lungs (pneumonia)
 Brain or Spinal cord (meningitis)
 Blood
 Bone
 Joints.
How we get it:
 Some people have Hib bacteria in their nose or throat but are not ill. When they
cough or sneeze, the bacteria go airborne.
Why it’s serious:
Babies and young children are especially at risk because their immune systems are
weak.

24. Vaccines will keep you healthy.
Vaccines are as important to your overall heath as diet and exercise.
Vaccination can mean the difference between life and death.
Vaccines are safe.
Vaccine wont give you diseases they are designed to prevent.
Young and healthy can stay fit and fine.
It protects your children, grandchildren and parents which are at risk, too.

27. ADVANTAGES
Vaccine can help prevent
diseases that have killed and
can sicken or killed many
people.
Vaccine not only prevent you
but it prevent people around
you.
DISADVANTAGES
Each vaccine is made with
different components and each
can effect you differently.
You could still get sick even
if you are vaccinated.

28. Most side effects from a vaccine injection are mild. Some people will experience no
side effects at all. When they do occur, side effects, some rarer than others, may
include:
Pain, Redness or Swelling at the injection site
Joint pain near the injection site
Muscle weakness
Low-grade to high fever
Sleep disturbances
Fatigue
Memory loss
Complete muscle paralysis on a particular area of the body
Hearing or vision loss
Seizures

29. Some risk factors do increase your risk for experiencing side effects
from a vaccination. These risk factors include:
Having a weak or suppressed immune system
Being sick at the time you receive a vaccine
Having a family or personal history of vaccine reactions
Serious or life-threatening side effects or reactions from vaccines are
rare. Indeed, most people are at a higher risk of becoming ill from
diseases if they’re not vaccinated.

30. After all the discussion there are some suggestion to keep in mind which
are:
Vaccines as a life savior:
Vaccination is necessary to have a healthy balanced life.
Vaccination saves lives.
Vaccination is one of the best ways you can protect yourself, your
children and future generations from infectious diseases.

31. Vaccination surveillance programs:
For the purpose to keep you, your family and your community safe,
governments need a complete picture of vaccination.
That is where vaccination surveillance comes in.
“Vaccination surveillance involves researching and collating information
on vaccination programs.”
Government should take serious actions to organize such surveillance
programs.
Parent’s responsibility regarding vaccination:
 It’s every parents duty to get their new born child vaccinate from the
start.
By making sure you and your family are fully vaccinated, you are not only
looking after your own family but also protecting vulnerable people in your
community.
The more people who are vaccinated, the fewer people will be infected,
and the less widely can a disease spread.

32. In 1796, the word “VACCINE" was created by Edward Jenner in England.
The word comes from the Latin word “VACCA”, meaning cow.
Vaccines are used to boost your immune system and prevent serious, life-
threatening diseases. Whereas the administration of vaccines is
called vaccination.
There are 4 types of vaccines which are Live virus, Killed (inactivated),
conjugate and Toxoid vaccines.
There are also some advantages & disadvantages regarding vaccines which
are like “Vaccines help to prevent from dangerous diseases” and “Some
people with weakened immune systems cannot be vaccinated”.
In the end, some suggestions about vaccination should be considered which
are organizing “Vaccination surveillance programs” by the government etc.