The document outlines the tourism life cycle, a model by Professor Richard W. Butler, detailing the continuous development process of tourist destinations through stages: exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, and decline/rejuvenation. It also discusses the classification of tourists by their motivations, distinguishing between institutionalized (seeking familiarity) and non-institutionalized (seeking novelty) tourists, including specific types such as organized mass tourists, individual mass tourists, explorers, and drifters. Understanding these dynamics is essential for effective tourism planning and sustainable development.

1. GROUP
4

2. TOURIS
M AREA
LIFE
CYCLE

3. Tourism development does not end with
establishing the area as a prime
destination. It is a continuous process
that must be monitored and sustained in
order to keep its ability to provide great
experience to tourists. Hence, the
tourism life cycle must also be
considered in tourism planning. Tourism
life cycle is a model formulated by
Professor Richard W. Butler, which
analyzes the development of a tourist
destination through the following stages:

4. Tourism development does not end with
establishing the area as a prime
destination. It is a continuous process that
must be monitored and sustained in order
to keep its ability to provide great
experience to tourists. Hence, the tourism
life cycle must also be considered in
tourism planning. Tourism life cycle is a
model formulated by Professor Richard W.
Butler, which analyzes the development of a
tourist destination through the following
stages:
EXPLORAT
ION

5. The number of visitors in the destination
starts to increase; some can be considered
as "regulars," while others may observe
seasonal patterns of visitor arrival in the
area. The locals are starting to adapt or
advertise in which the local government is
pressured to do developments in
infrastructure.
INVOLVE
MENT

6. Additional infrastructure and well-
developed market areas are starting to get
visible. Tourists outnumber the locals
during peak seasons, and the involvement
of the local community in tourism
development starts to dwindle.
DEVELOP
MENT

7. The growth in tourist arrivals starts to
decline, but the number of visitors is still at
high. Business zones are being developed,
making older facilities perceived as inferior.
A huge part of the economy is becoming
tied to tourism, and the locals may start to
see the negative effects of tourism.
CONSOLIDAT
ION

8. The number of tourists the destination can
accommodate reaches its limit.
Environmental, economic, and social
problems also start to occur. The
destination's appeal to tourists diminishes,
while facilities start to cease operations.
STAGNATION

9. This is the final stage in which the
destination can either fade or recover. The
destination declines when it can no longer
compete with other emerging destinations
and loses its appeal to tourists. On the
other hand, it can recover and rejuvenate if
it can discover resources that are still fresh
and unused.
DECLINE/
REJUVENATION

11. TYPES
OF
TOURIS
TS

12. The approach to defining the different
types of tourists depends on their
motivation for traveling, usually linked to
their personal needs. Identifying tourist
types may be based on the interaction of
personality attributes such as attitude,
perceptions, and motivations (Fletcher et
al., 2018).

13. Professor Erik Cohen (1972) classified tourists using
the theory that tourism combines the desire of
tourists to seek out new experiences with the feeling
of security they have at their own homes. He
proposed a continuum of possible combinations of
familiarity and novelty in the roles of tourists. Cohen
separated them into two (2) in order to further
specify the types of tourists under each role. (Fletcher
et al, 2018). These are the following:
COHEN'S
CLASSIFICATION OF
TOURISTS

14. INSTITUTIONALIZED
TOURISTS
Cohen described them as tourists who prefer
familiarity on a destination. They are the types that
are commonly dealt with in a routinary way by
professionals in the tourism industry. Under the
institutionalized tourist classification role are the
following specific types:

15. HE ORGANIZED MASS TOURIST
This is the type of tourist that has a low appetite in adventure- type
experiences. They are uncomfortable with unfamiliar experiences and
prefer to play it safe. Hence, they are usually the type that avails pre-
packaged tours and has little interaction with local people.
HE INDIVIDUAL MASS TOURIST
Same with organized mass tourists, they just have more flexibility and
scope regarding their personal travel choices. Still, they prefer to play
it safe within the boundaries of traditional tourist activities.

16. NON-
INSTITUTIONALIZED
TOURISTS
They are described as tourists who prefer and seek to
try new things by not utilizing traditional tourism
service providers unless necessary. Under this
classified role are the following specific types:

17. •THE EXPLORER
They arrange trips independently in an almost non-traditional way.
However, they still seek the comfort of having a reliable and
traditional travel needs. They are flexible enough to try new
experiences but still like to be guaranteed that safe choices are always
available.
• THE DRIFTER
They seek a whole new experience and a different way of traveling.
Their main objective is to detach themselves from their daily lives and
immerse themselves in an entirely new way of living without any fixed
itinerary. They are likely to be more connected and,sometimes, live
with the local community.

19. THANKY
OU