03 of 03 parts
Get Part 1 from https://www.slideshare.net/ArunUmrao/notes-for-c-programming-for-bca-mca-b-sc-msc-be-amp-btech-1st-year-1
Get Part 2 from https://www.slideshare.net/ArunUmrao/notes-for-c-programming-for-bca-mca-b-sc-msc-be-amp-btech-1st-year-2
C is a general-purpose, procedural computer programming language supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope, and recursion, while a static type system prevents unintended operations. C provides constructs that map efficiently to typical machine instructions and has found lasting use in applications previously coded in assembly language. Such applications include operating systems and various application software for computers, from supercomputers to PLCs and embedded system.
Notes for C Programming for MCA, BCA, B. Tech CSE, ECE and MSC (CS) 3 of 5 b...ssuserd6b1fd
C programming language notes for beginners and Collage students. Written for beginners. Colored graphics. Function by Function explanation with complete examples. Well commented examples. Illustrations are made available for data dealing at memory level.
Notes for C++ Programming / Object Oriented C++ Programming for MCA, BCA and ...ssuserd6b1fd
C++ programming language notes for beginners and Collage students. Written for beginners. Colored graphics. Function by Function explanation with complete examples. Well commented examples. Illustrations are made available for data dealing at memory level.
Notes for C Programming for MCA, BCA, B. Tech CSE, ECE and MSC (CS) 4 of 5 by...ssuserd6b1fd
C programming language notes for beginners and Collage students. Written for beginners. Colored graphics. Function by Function explanation with complete examples. Well commented examples. Illustrations are made available for data dealing at memory level.
03 of 03 parts
Get Part 1 from https://www.slideshare.net/ArunUmrao/notes-for-c-programming-for-bca-mca-b-sc-msc-be-amp-btech-1st-year-1
Get Part 2 from https://www.slideshare.net/ArunUmrao/notes-for-c-programming-for-bca-mca-b-sc-msc-be-amp-btech-1st-year-2
C is a general-purpose, procedural computer programming language supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope, and recursion, while a static type system prevents unintended operations. C provides constructs that map efficiently to typical machine instructions and has found lasting use in applications previously coded in assembly language. Such applications include operating systems and various application software for computers, from supercomputers to PLCs and embedded system.
Notes for C Programming for MCA, BCA, B. Tech CSE, ECE and MSC (CS) 3 of 5 b...ssuserd6b1fd
C programming language notes for beginners and Collage students. Written for beginners. Colored graphics. Function by Function explanation with complete examples. Well commented examples. Illustrations are made available for data dealing at memory level.
Notes for C++ Programming / Object Oriented C++ Programming for MCA, BCA and ...ssuserd6b1fd
C++ programming language notes for beginners and Collage students. Written for beginners. Colored graphics. Function by Function explanation with complete examples. Well commented examples. Illustrations are made available for data dealing at memory level.
Notes for C Programming for MCA, BCA, B. Tech CSE, ECE and MSC (CS) 4 of 5 by...ssuserd6b1fd
C programming language notes for beginners and Collage students. Written for beginners. Colored graphics. Function by Function explanation with complete examples. Well commented examples. Illustrations are made available for data dealing at memory level.
In this talk, Adrian Kashivskyy, Netguru iOS Developer, digs into rarely discussed Swift features, such as literal convertibles, interpolation convertibles, pattern matching, reflection and advanced Objective-C bridging.
Notes for C Programming for MCA, BCA, B. Tech CSE, ECE and MSC (CS) 5 of 5 by...ssuserd6b1fd
C programming language notes for beginners and Collage students. Written for beginners. Colored graphics. Function by Function explanation with complete examples. Well commented examples. Illustrations are made available for data dealing at memory level.
Notes for C Programming for MCA, BCA, B. Tech CSE, ECE and MSC (CS) 2 of 5 by...ssuserd6b1fd
C programming language notes for beginners and Collage students. Written for beginners. Colored graphics. Function by Function explanation with complete examples. Well commented examples. Illustrations are made available for data dealing at memory level.
In this talk, Adrian Kashivskyy, Netguru iOS Developer, digs into rarely discussed Swift features, such as literal convertibles, interpolation convertibles, pattern matching, reflection and advanced Objective-C bridging.
Notes for C Programming for MCA, BCA, B. Tech CSE, ECE and MSC (CS) 5 of 5 by...ssuserd6b1fd
C programming language notes for beginners and Collage students. Written for beginners. Colored graphics. Function by Function explanation with complete examples. Well commented examples. Illustrations are made available for data dealing at memory level.
Notes for C Programming for MCA, BCA, B. Tech CSE, ECE and MSC (CS) 2 of 5 by...ssuserd6b1fd
C programming language notes for beginners and Collage students. Written for beginners. Colored graphics. Function by Function explanation with complete examples. Well commented examples. Illustrations are made available for data dealing at memory level.
lab08/build.bat
@echo off
cls
set DRIVE_LETTER=%1:
set PATH=%DRIVE_LETTER%\MinGW\bin;%DRIVE_LETTER%\MinGW\msys\1.0\bin;%DRIVE_LETTER%\MinGW\gtkmm3\bin;%DRIVE_LETTER%\MinGW\gtk\bin;c:\Windows;c:\Windows\system32
set PROJECT_PATH=.
make DRIVE_LETTER="%DRIVE_LETTER%" PROJECT_DIR="%PROJECT_PATH%"
lab08/CSC2110/CD.h
#if !defined CD_H
#define CD_H
#include "Song.h"
#include "Text.h"
using CSC2110::String;
#include "ListArray.h"
using CSC2110::ListArray;
namespace CSC2110
{
class CD
{
private:
String* artist;
String* title;
int year;
int rating;
int num_tracks;
ListArray<Song>* songs;
public:
CD(String* artist, String* title, int year, int rating, int num_tracks);
virtual ~CD();
String* getKey();
void addSong(String* title, String* length);
void displayCD();
static ListArray<CD>* readCDs(const char* file_name);
static int compare_items(CD* one, CD* two);
static int compare_keys(String* sk, CD* cd);
static char getRadixChar(CD* cd, int index); //1-based
};
}
#endif
lab08/CSC2110/Double.h
#if !defined (DOUBLE_H)
#define DOUBLE_H
namespace CSC2110
{
class Double
{
private:
double value;
public:
Double(double val);
~Double();
double getValue();
};
}
#endif
lab08/CSC2110/HighPerformanceCounter.h
#if !defined (HIGHPERFORMANCECOUNTER_H)
#define HIGHPERFORMANCECOUNTER_H
namespace CSC2110
{
class HighPerformanceCounter
{
private:
double micro_spt; //micro_seconds per tick
HighPerformanceCounter();
static HighPerformanceCounter* hpc;
static int getTicksPerSecond();
public:
virtual ~HighPerformanceCounter();
static HighPerformanceCounter* getHighPerformanceCounter();
int getCurrentTimeInTicks();
double getTimeDifferenceInMicroSeconds(int start_time, int end_time);
};
}
#endif
lab08/CSC2110/Integer.h
#if !defined (INTEGER_H)
#define INTEGER_H
namespace CSC2110
{
class Integer
{
private:
int value;
public:
Integer(int val);
virtual ~Integer();
int getValue();
};
}
#endif
lab08/CSC2110/Keyboard.h
#if !defined KEYBOARD_H
#define KEYBOARD_H
#include "Text.h"
using CSC2110::String;
#include <string>
using namespace std;
namespace CSC2110
{
class Keyboard
{
private:
Keyboard();
public:
virtual ~Keyboard();
static Keyboard* getKeyboard();
//pre: the string (character literal) that will prompt the user for input
//post: the input read from the keyboard interpreted as an int is returned
int readInt(string prompt);
int getValidatedInt(string prompt, int min, int max);
//pre: the string that will prompt the user for input
//post: the input read from the keyboard interpreted as a double is returned
double readDouble(string prompt);
double getValidatedDouble(string prom ...
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
5. The
body of the function template is
written in the same way in each case
as function is written but the difference
is that they can handle arguments and
return value of different types.
5
6. Function Template
Template function:
template <class T>
void get(T a)
{
cout <<" value : "<<a;
cin.get();
}
void main()
{
int a=5;
float b=4.3;
get(a);
get(b);
}
Simple function:
void get(int a)
{
cout <<" value : "<<a;
cin.get();
getch();
}
void main()
{
int a=5;
float b=4.3;
get(a);
get(b);
}
6
8. template <class T>
T square(T value)
{
return value*value;
}
int main()
{
int a=5;
float b=7.5;
long c=50000900000;
double d=784848.33;
cout<<"square of int variable is :
"<<square(a)<<endl;
cout<<"square of long variable is :
"<<square(b)<<endl;
cout<<"square of long variable is : "<<square
(c)<<endl;
cout<<"square of double variable is :
"<<square(d)<<endl;
cin.get();
getch();
8
9. template<class t >
void get( t x, t y , int c)
{
int sum;
sum=x+y+c;
cout<<sum;
cin.get();
getch();
}
void main()
{
int a=6;
int b=9;
int c=8;
get(a,b,c);
}
9
10. Function Template
template<class t, class v >
void get(t x, v y ,int c)
{
v sum;
sum=x+y+c;
cout<<sum;
cin.get();
getch();
}
void main()
{
int a=6;
float b=9.9;
int c=8;
get(a,b,c);
}
Output:
10
12. Class Template
template <class t>
class Basket
{
t first;
t second;
public:
Basket (t a, t b)
{
first = a;
second = b;
}
t Bat()
{
return (first > second?first:second);
}
}; //class end
void main()
{
Basket <int> bo(6,8);
cout<<bo.Bat()<<endl;
Basket <float> b1(1.1,3.3);
cout<<b1.Bat()<<endl;
system ("pause");
}
Output:
8
3.3
12
13. Continued…
If we write
Basket <int> b(6.99,8.88);
Instead of
Basket <int> b(6,8);
Output will be in integers i.e
8
13
14. Class Template
template <class t>
class Basket
{
t first;
t second;
public:
Basket (t a, t b)
{
first = a;
second = b;
}
t Big();
}; //class end
template <class t>
t Basket <t>::Big()
{
return (first > second?first:second);
}
void main()
{
Basket <int> b(6,8);
cout<<b.Big()<<endl;
Basket <float> b1(4.1,1.1);
cout<<b1.Big()<<endl;
system ("pause");
}
Output:
8
4.1
14
15. Continued…
template <class t>
t Basket <t>::Big()
{
return (first > second?first:second);
}
The
name Basket<t> is used to identify the
class of which Big() is a member function . In
a normal non-template member function the
name Basket alone would suffice.
Void Basket :: Big()
{
return (first > second?first:second);
}
15
17. template<class TYPE>
struct link
{
TYPE data;
link* next;
};
template<class TYPE>
class linklist
{
private:
link<TYPE>* first;
public:
linklist()
{ first = NULL; }
void additem(TYPE d);
void display();
};
template<class TYPE>
void
linklist<TYPE>::additem(TYPE
d)
{
link<TYPE>* newlink = new
link<TYPE>;
newlink->data = d;
newlink->next = first;
first = newlink;
}
template<class TYPE>
void linklist<TYPE>::display()
{
link<TYPE>* current = first;
while( current != NULL )
17
18. Continued…
{
linklist<char> lch;
cout << endl << current->data;
current = current->next;
}
}
lch.additem('a');
lch.additem('b');
lch.additem('c');
lch.display();
cout << endl;
system("pause");
int main()
{
linklist<double> ld;
ld.additem(151.5);
ld.additem(262.6);
ld.additem(373.7);
ld.display();
}
OUTPUT
373.7
262.6
151.5
c
b
a
18
19. An
exception is a condition that
occurs at execution time and make
normal continuation of program
impossible.
When
an exception occurs, the
program must either terminate or jump
to special code for handling the
exception.
Divide by zero errors.
Accessing the element of an array beyond its
range
Invalid input
Hard disk crash
Opening a non existent file
19
20. The
way of handling anomalous situations in a
program-run is known as exception handling.
Its advantage are:
Exception handling separate error-handling code from normal code.
It clarifies the code and enhances readability
Catch error s before it occurs.
It makes for clear, robust and fault -tolerant program s.
20
21.
Tries a block of code that may contain
exception
Throws an exception when one is detected
Catches the exception and handles it
Thus there are three concepts
i. The try block
ii.The throwing of the exception
iii.The catch block
21
22.
A block which includes the code that may
generate the error(an exception)
try { ….
}
Can be followed by one or more catch blocks
which handles the exception
Control of the program passes from the
statements in the try block ,to the appropriate
catch block.
Functions called try block, directly or
indirectly, could test for the presence of the
error
22
23.
Used to indicate that an exception has occurred
Will be caught by closest exception handler
Syntax:if ( // error)
{
Throw error();
}
23
24. Contain the exception handler.
These know what to do with the exceptiontypically print out that a type of error has
occurred.
Catch blocks are typically located right after
the try block that could throw the exception
Syntax:catch()
{
…..
}
24