Presentation of Data - Textual Presentation, Tabular Presentation , Diagrammatic Presentation

1. Suresh Babu G
Presentation of Data
Suresh Babu G
Assistant Professor
CTE CPAS Paippad, Kottayam

2. Suresh Babu G
Presentation of Data
• Textual or Descriptive Presentation.
• Tabular Presentation.
• Diagrammatic Presentation

3. Suresh Babu G
Textual or Descriptive Presentation
1. In textual presentation, data are described
within the text. When the quantity of data is not
too large this form of presentation is more
suitable.

4. Suresh Babu G
In tabular presentation,
data are presented in
rows and columns.
Sex Rural Urban Total
Male 58 81 60
Female 30 63 34
Total 44 73 48
Enrolment rate of students by sex and location (per cent)
Table 4.6
Source : Primary Education Data 2019
2. Tabular Presentation

5. Suresh Babu G
Data presented in diagram
Diagrammatic Presentation
Geometric Diagram Frequency Diagram Arithmetic Line Graph
Bar
Diagram
Pie
Diagram
Histogram
Frequency
Polygon
Frequency
Curve
Ogive
Simple Bar
Multiple Bar
Component Bar
3. Diagrammatic Presentation

6. Suresh Babu G
Types of diagrams
One Dimensional
Diagram
Two Dimensional
Diagram
Three Dimensional
Diagram

7. Suresh Babu G
Geometric Diagrams
Bar Diagram
1. Simple bar diagram – A bar diagram comprises
a group of equispaced and equiwidth
rectangular bars for each class or category of
data. A simple bar diagram is used to represent
only one variable.
Year
Profit in
thousand
1930 311
1933 645
1936 1087

8. Suresh Babu G
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1930 1933 1936
Profit in thousand
Years
Simple Bar Diagram

9. Suresh Babu G
2. Multiple Bar diagram :- It denote more than
one phenomenon. It is useful for direct
comparison between two variables.
No: of
Libraries in
Delhi
No: of
Libraries in
Kerala
1970 30 40
1980 60 50
1990 80 70
2000 90 80

10. Suresh Babu G
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1970 1980 1990 2000
No: of Libraries in Delhi
No: of Libraries in Kerala
Years
No: of Libraries
Multiple Bar Diagram

11. Suresh Babu G
3. Component Bar Diagram :- Also called sub-
diagrams, are very useful in comparing the sizes
of different component parts.
Marks Malyalam English Hindi
Student 1 40 20 20
Student 2 25 40 20
Student 3 35 20 30
Student 4 45 28 50

12. Suresh Babu G
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Student 1 Student 2 Student 3 Student 4
Hindi
English
Malyalam
Marks
Component Bar Diagram

13. Suresh Babu G
Pie Diagram
• It is a circle whose area is properly divided
among the components.
• Steps :- convert the given value into angular
component ( given value ÷ Total value x 360) ie,
into 3600 , draw each component in a circle.
Transport to school No: of Students
Angular
component
Walk 10 10/48x360 = 75
Bus 12 12/48x360 = 90
Bicycle 18 18/48x360 = 135
Car 8 8/48x360 = 60
Total 48

14. Suresh Babu G
No: of Students
Walk
Bus
Bicycle
Car
Pie Diagram

15. Suresh Babu G
Frequency Diagrams
1. Histogram :- A histogram is a two dimensional
diagram. It is a set of rectangles with base as
the intervals between class boundaries and with
area proportional to the class frequency.
Class Frequency
0 – 10 5
10 – 20 10
20 – 30 12
30 – 40 15
40 – 50 20
50 – 60 16
60 – 70 8

16. Suresh Babu G
0
5
10
15
20
25
15 25 35 45 55 65 75
Frequency
10 20 30 40 50 60
Class Intervals
Histogram

17. Suresh Babu G
2. Frequency Polygon :- A frequency polygon is a
plane bounded by straight lines, usually four or
more lines.
Class Mark Class Mid point Frequency
10 - 20 15 12
20 - 30 25 18
30 - 40 35 25
40 – 50 45 16
50 - 60 55 10

18. Suresh Babu G
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
15 25 35 45 55
Frequency
Frequency Polygon
Marks

19. Suresh Babu G
3. Frequency Curve :- The frequency curve is
obtained by drawing a smooth freehand curve
passing through the points of frequency.
Class Mark Class Mid point Frequency
10 - 20 15 12
20 - 30 25 18
30 - 40 35 25
40 – 50 45 16
50 - 60 55 10

20. Suresh Babu G
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Frequency
Marks
Frequency Curve

21. Suresh Babu G
4. Ogive or Cumulative Frequency Curve
• Ogive is a cumulative
frequency curve. There are
two types of cumulative
frequencies.
1. Less than Ogive :- In less
than ogive we start with the
upper limits of the classes
and go on adding the
frequencies. When these
frequencies are plotted, we
get a rising curve.
Class Mark Frequency
0 - 10 8
10 - 20 15
20 - 30 20
30 - 40 25
40 – 50 18
50 - 60 9
60 – 70 5

22. Suresh Babu G
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80
Class
Cum.
Frequency
Less than 0 0
Less than 10 8
Less than 20 23
Less than 30 43
Less than 40 68
Less than 50 86
Less than 60 95
Less than 70 100
Class mark
Cum. Frequency
Less than Ogive

23. Suresh Babu G
• More than Ogive :- In more than ogive we start
with the lower limit of the classes and from the
total frequencies we subtract the frequency of
each class. When these frequencies are plotted
we get a declining curve.
Class
Cum.
Frequency
More than 0 100
More than 10 92
More than 20 77
More than 30 57
More than 40 32
More than 50 14
More than 60 5

24. Suresh Babu G
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80
Cum. Frequency
Class mark
More than Ogive

25. Suresh Babu G
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Cum. Frequency
Class Marks
Median value
Less than and More than Cum. Frequency Curve

26. Suresh Babu G
Arithmetic Line Graph

27. Suresh Babu G
Advantages of Diagrammatic
Presentation
• Diagrams are easy to understand.
• You can represent huge volumes of data in a
simplified manner.
• They reveal hidden facts.
• They quick to grasp and easy to compare.
• Diagrams have a universal acceptability.

28. Suresh Babu G

29. Suresh Babu G