The document discusses the risk factors for chronic diseases in Mauritius, with a focus on obesity. It summarizes the results of several national surveys from 1987-2004 that found high rates of obesity and other risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and physical inactivity. Obesity levels were found to be increasing over time in both adults and children. Projections estimate that obesity rates in Mauritius could reach 30-40% by 2025 unless action is taken to address excessive eating, drinking, smoking, and sedentary lifestyles.

1. Chronic Diseases Risk Factors in Mauritius --- Obesity By Dr C. Sookram Regional Public Health Superintendent & Principal Investigator Mauritius NCD Survey 2004 Ministry of Health and Quality of Life

8. Mauritius - Crude Prevalence* of Diabetes by ethnic group and sex - 2004 *(Adults aged 20 – 74 years) 18.7 17.2 15.8 20.5 19.1 Both Sexes 17.7 16.2 15.6 20.8 17.2 Women 20.2 18.3 16.2 20.1 21.8 Men TOTAL Chinese Creole Muslim Hindu

10. Mauritius - Crude Prevalence(%) of hypertension by ethnic group and sex in participants aged 20-74 years (2004) 28.5 38.1 33.8 25.3 27.0 Both Sexes 26.9 28.6 31.9 27.7 24.2 Women 30.6 48.4 37.2 22.2 30.7 Men TOTAL Chinese Creole Muslim Hindu

11. Mauritius - Crude Prevalence of associated conditions among those with diabetes, IGT and normo-glycaemia (2004). 43.5 43.4 53.5 % HDL – Cholesterol < 1.0 15.5 24.0 36.5 % of triglycerides ≥ 2.0 36.0 44.7 52.8 % of cholesterolemia (≥ 5.2) 8.1 17.7 18.4 % of obesity (BMI > 30) 25.0 32.8 37.0 % of overweight (25 < BMI ≤ 30) 20.3 40.5 51.8 % of hypertensive ( ≥ 140/90) Normo- Glycaemia IGT DM People with :

16. Mauritius - Crude prevalence (%) of dyslipidaemia (1987 - 2004) 12.8 22.3 11.2 13.7 Triglycerides  2 34.1 47.3 9.2 13.9 HDL-cholesterol < 1.0 28.5 27.9 25.8 29.9 6.5 > Cholesterol  5.2 8.2 9.7 5.9 23.0 Cholesterol  6.5 Female 30.9 41.1 25.1 28.2 Triglycerides  2 60.9 57.0 18.4 22.7 HDL-cholesterol < 1.0 34.6 36.7 27.6 31.5 6.5 > Cholesterol  5.2 10.3 13.0 6.2 24.9 Cholesterol  6.5 Male 2004 1998 1992 1987

17. Mauritius - Prevalence (%) of leisure physical activity (moderate and heavy) in age group 35 – 54 years. * adjusted for age 9.5 7.2 2.3 1.4 Female 24.5 21.2 17.3 11.8 Male 2004 1998* 1992* 1987*

19. Rodrigues - Prevalence of diabetes from 1992 to 2004 in population aged 20 and above 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Survey year Prevalence rates (%) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Male Female Total Male 6.3 8.9 7.4 Female 9.9 12.2 10.7 Total 8.1 10.6 9.4 1992 1999 2004

20. Rodrigues - Age standardised prevalence (%) of hypertension in population aged 20 years and over (1992-2004) 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 survey year HBP prevalence rates (%) 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 HBP prevalence rates (%) (M+F) Male Female Total Male 36.5 38.5 34.1 Female 33.9 37.8 32.4 Total 35.2 36.8 32.8 1992 1999 2004

21. Rodrigues - Prevalence of Overweight (1992 - 2004) 29.5 30 30.5 31 31.5 32 32.5 33 33.5 34 34.5 Survey year Crude overweight prevalence (%) 30 30.5 31 31.5 32 32.5 33 33.5 34 Crude overweight prevalence (%) (M+F) Male Female Total Male 34.1 31.2 32.5 Female 33.5 31.7 32.4 Total 33.8 31.4 32.5 1992 1999 2004

22. Rodrigues - Prevalence of Obesity (1992 - 2004) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Survey year Crude obesity prevalence (%) 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Crude obesity prevalence (%) (M+F) Male Female Total Male 9.5 11.2 13.5 Female 29.3 28.2 28.6 Total 19.3 19.6 22.9 1992 1999 2004

24. Rodrigues - Prevalence of abusive alcohol consumption 1992 - 2004 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Survey year Prevalence (%) Male Female Male 19.1 9.8 40.9 Female 0.3 0 5.4 1992 1999 2004

25. Rodrigues - Crude prevalence (%) of dyslipidaemia from 1992 to 2004. 2.8 7.2 4.5 Triglycerides  2 16.8 26.3 2.4 HDL-cholesterol < 1.0 25.8 31.1 21.4 Cholesterol  5.2 Female 7.7 14.0 10.5 Triglycerides  2 26.3 32.8 4.2 HDL-cholesterol < 1.0 27.9 30.6 16.8 Cholesterol  5.2 Male 2004 1999 1992

26. Rodrigues - Prevalence (%) of moderate or heavy leisure physical activity in age group 35 – 54 years. * adjusted for age 5.3 2.3 1.9 Female 22.0 19.7 20.2 Male 2004 1999* 1992*

27. Obesity in 5-11 year olds 12.7 21.6 Underweight 75.6 63.2 Normal weight 7.1 7.5 Overweight 4.6 7.8 Obese Female 19.1 27.2 Underweight 67.8 56.5 Normal Weight 7.7 7.9 Overweight 5.5 8.5 Obese Male Rodrigues Mauritius

28. Obesity in 12-19 year olds 7.1 15.7 Underweight 77.3 69.4 Normal weight 8.1 8.4 Overweight 7.6 6.5 Obese Female 17.3 20.1 Underweight 73.2 63.3 Normal Weight 5.0 8.4 Overweight 4.5 8.2 Obese Male Rodrigues Mauritius

30. EPIDEMIOLOGY: PREVALENCE OF OBESITY IN MAURITIUS

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