The "Metabo Law" in Japan requires annual waist measurements for those aged 40-74 to curb obesity and metabolic syndrome. If waistlines exceed limits, individuals must attend counseling. Employers and insurers must ensure at least 65% participation and a 25% reduction in obesity by 2015 or face penalties to fund elderly healthcare. While raising health awareness, critics note low compliance with exams and advice, rising childhood obesity, and risks of discrimination.
The goal III of UN SDG, aims to address all the major health priorities with regard to child and maternal health, end of communicable diseases, reducing the number of non-communicable diseases cases, ease of access to safe and affordable medicines and vaccines and ensure universal health coverage (UHC), to help build productive and resilient communities. What Millenium Development Goals lacked was focus with regard to entire health system and how they cater to health services for overall health and well-being whereas SDGs 2030 agenda from 2015-2030, has set the target towards focus on Universal Health Coverage (UHC), which includes access to health services and with financial risk protection. The most notable provision included in the SDG 2030 agenda is inclusion of non-communicable diseases, mental health, substance abuse, addiction and injuries.
The event shall include introductory for teachers, facilitators and health and care providers. It shall have children friendly and easily understandable and relate able fact sheet and activity information.
George Herbert Mead is one of the founders of sociology in the United States of America. Though he has made numerous journals and books, he did not publish even a single one.
The goal III of UN SDG, aims to address all the major health priorities with regard to child and maternal health, end of communicable diseases, reducing the number of non-communicable diseases cases, ease of access to safe and affordable medicines and vaccines and ensure universal health coverage (UHC), to help build productive and resilient communities. What Millenium Development Goals lacked was focus with regard to entire health system and how they cater to health services for overall health and well-being whereas SDGs 2030 agenda from 2015-2030, has set the target towards focus on Universal Health Coverage (UHC), which includes access to health services and with financial risk protection. The most notable provision included in the SDG 2030 agenda is inclusion of non-communicable diseases, mental health, substance abuse, addiction and injuries.
The event shall include introductory for teachers, facilitators and health and care providers. It shall have children friendly and easily understandable and relate able fact sheet and activity information.
George Herbert Mead is one of the founders of sociology in the United States of America. Though he has made numerous journals and books, he did not publish even a single one.
Japan Insurance Market Largely Driven By Ageing Population: Ken ResearchAnkur Gupta
According to the research report “Japan Insurance Market Outlook to 2016 - Growing Importance of Annuity Insurance with Ageing Population” by Ken Research, the direct written premium of insurance in Japan is projected to rise at a CAGR of 9.6% in the next four years with the entrance of more foreign players in the country.
The insurance market in Japan can be classified on the basis of life and non-life insurance. The life insurance is a contract between life insurer and the policyholder in which an insurer is bound to pay a defined sum of money upon the death of the insured person within a certain specified time period or on the maturity of life insurance policy. The non life insurance is also known as general insurance is used to provide coverage for business and individual from the financial loss resulting from certain events such as natural disaster, accident, fire, burglary, diseases and others.
For more information on the industry research report please refer to the below mentioned link:
http://www.kenresearch.com/banking-financial-services--insurance-bfsi-/insurance/364-93/Japan-Insurance-Market-Outlook-to-2016.html
This presentation is based on the top seller book "Business Model Generation" by Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur. This book introduces the Business Model Canvas, the world's leading tool in creating and analyzing business models. This great tool allows you to sketch out your business model visually without starting with a scary business plan.
You can take my online course which covers more content, examples, quizzes, challenges and provides a certificate of completion.
Get course discounts and learn more:
www.playtactic.com
I hope you find this beneficial and good luck on your business model ;)
Japan’s health care system is a source of great pride for the country. Japan attained universal health coverage over 50 years ago and the country's health outcomes are some of the best in the world by many measures, while health care spending is at relatively low levels.
Despite the many positive aspects of the system, it faces challenges. The demographic wave of rising numbers of elderly will put new pressures on the care delivery system and the nation’s budget. Moreover, the country has high utilization of many health care services, care delivery is often fragmented, and measures of quality are not commonly available or necessarily used for continuous improvement. How will Japan address these issues and manage the health care needs and rising costs of its aged and still aging society? What can other countries, such as the United States, learn from the Japanese experience, and can new care delivery innovations taking place around the globe help address Japan's challenges?
Brief overview of group 2 final PowerPoint presentation pertaining to the affects of macro-trends on the U.S.Healthcare Systems and potential job growth/opportunities that will come from them.
PUBH 380 Measures of Morbidity – Indirect Age AdjustmentHomew.docxwoodruffeloisa
PUBH 380: Measures of Morbidity – Indirect Age Adjustment
Homework 3 (35 points)
NAME:
Based on the information given in the following table, and knowing that there were 4,500 deaths in Population X and 25,000 deaths in Population Y in 2009, and that crude death rate of standard population is 50 deaths per 1,000 persons, calculate and interpret the following (including any comparisons between X and Y in your interpretation):
NOTE: When you do indirect adjustment, all comparisons are done with the referent (standard) population, NOT between “adjusted” populations.
1. Complete the table below (20 pts)
Age
Standard Death Rates per 1,000
Population X
Expected Deaths in Pop X
Population
Y
Expected Deaths in Pop Y
<1
18
6000
50000
1-4
3
7000
70000
5-14
2.5
7000
25000
15-24
1.5
8000
30000
25-34
1.5
10000
70000
35-44
3.5
10000
25000
45-54
10
25000
20000
55-64
15
15000
25000
65+
80
30000
20000
Total
XXX
118,000
335,000
2. Calculate the crude death for each population (7 points – 3 for each crude, 1 for interpretation)
3. Calculate the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for each population (interpretation should include what the SMRs mean) (3 points – 1 for each SMR, 1 for interpretation)
4. Age-adjusted death rates for populations X and Y, using the indirect adjustment method. Please explain why your results might have occurred in your interpretation. (3 points – 1 for each IAR, 1 for interpretation)
5. Rates are adjusted for age to: (Please choose one answer) (2 pt)
a) Remove the bias of dissimilar age group distribution between populations.
b) Minimize the health problems of a community as compared to standard.
c) Determine how well a community compares with acceptable national births, deaths, and disease rate standards.
d) Allow valid comparison between populations with similar age distributions but different race and sex makeup.
e) All of the above.
NM 208 – Nursing Informatics
Telehealth Assignment
PART 2 – 100 points
This will be a research paper at least 3 pages in length, in APA format, that includes:
· The information from part 1.
· An outline of your telehealth effort.
· How will you determine if the information presented was understood?
· What resources will you need? Consider technological resources, physical space, interpreters, etc.
· How will you make up for the fact that you will not be face to face with the client(s)?
.
Running head: HOMELESS POPULATION 1
HOMELESS POPULATION 2
Application of Telehealth in Homeless Population
Name:
Course: Nursing Informatic
University:
Date of Submission: January 19, 2020
Application of Telehealth in Homeless Population
In the advent of technology, telehealth has greatly ...
Japan Insurance Market Largely Driven By Ageing Population: Ken ResearchAnkur Gupta
According to the research report “Japan Insurance Market Outlook to 2016 - Growing Importance of Annuity Insurance with Ageing Population” by Ken Research, the direct written premium of insurance in Japan is projected to rise at a CAGR of 9.6% in the next four years with the entrance of more foreign players in the country.
The insurance market in Japan can be classified on the basis of life and non-life insurance. The life insurance is a contract between life insurer and the policyholder in which an insurer is bound to pay a defined sum of money upon the death of the insured person within a certain specified time period or on the maturity of life insurance policy. The non life insurance is also known as general insurance is used to provide coverage for business and individual from the financial loss resulting from certain events such as natural disaster, accident, fire, burglary, diseases and others.
For more information on the industry research report please refer to the below mentioned link:
http://www.kenresearch.com/banking-financial-services--insurance-bfsi-/insurance/364-93/Japan-Insurance-Market-Outlook-to-2016.html
This presentation is based on the top seller book "Business Model Generation" by Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur. This book introduces the Business Model Canvas, the world's leading tool in creating and analyzing business models. This great tool allows you to sketch out your business model visually without starting with a scary business plan.
You can take my online course which covers more content, examples, quizzes, challenges and provides a certificate of completion.
Get course discounts and learn more:
www.playtactic.com
I hope you find this beneficial and good luck on your business model ;)
Japan’s health care system is a source of great pride for the country. Japan attained universal health coverage over 50 years ago and the country's health outcomes are some of the best in the world by many measures, while health care spending is at relatively low levels.
Despite the many positive aspects of the system, it faces challenges. The demographic wave of rising numbers of elderly will put new pressures on the care delivery system and the nation’s budget. Moreover, the country has high utilization of many health care services, care delivery is often fragmented, and measures of quality are not commonly available or necessarily used for continuous improvement. How will Japan address these issues and manage the health care needs and rising costs of its aged and still aging society? What can other countries, such as the United States, learn from the Japanese experience, and can new care delivery innovations taking place around the globe help address Japan's challenges?
Brief overview of group 2 final PowerPoint presentation pertaining to the affects of macro-trends on the U.S.Healthcare Systems and potential job growth/opportunities that will come from them.
PUBH 380 Measures of Morbidity – Indirect Age AdjustmentHomew.docxwoodruffeloisa
PUBH 380: Measures of Morbidity – Indirect Age Adjustment
Homework 3 (35 points)
NAME:
Based on the information given in the following table, and knowing that there were 4,500 deaths in Population X and 25,000 deaths in Population Y in 2009, and that crude death rate of standard population is 50 deaths per 1,000 persons, calculate and interpret the following (including any comparisons between X and Y in your interpretation):
NOTE: When you do indirect adjustment, all comparisons are done with the referent (standard) population, NOT between “adjusted” populations.
1. Complete the table below (20 pts)
Age
Standard Death Rates per 1,000
Population X
Expected Deaths in Pop X
Population
Y
Expected Deaths in Pop Y
<1
18
6000
50000
1-4
3
7000
70000
5-14
2.5
7000
25000
15-24
1.5
8000
30000
25-34
1.5
10000
70000
35-44
3.5
10000
25000
45-54
10
25000
20000
55-64
15
15000
25000
65+
80
30000
20000
Total
XXX
118,000
335,000
2. Calculate the crude death for each population (7 points – 3 for each crude, 1 for interpretation)
3. Calculate the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for each population (interpretation should include what the SMRs mean) (3 points – 1 for each SMR, 1 for interpretation)
4. Age-adjusted death rates for populations X and Y, using the indirect adjustment method. Please explain why your results might have occurred in your interpretation. (3 points – 1 for each IAR, 1 for interpretation)
5. Rates are adjusted for age to: (Please choose one answer) (2 pt)
a) Remove the bias of dissimilar age group distribution between populations.
b) Minimize the health problems of a community as compared to standard.
c) Determine how well a community compares with acceptable national births, deaths, and disease rate standards.
d) Allow valid comparison between populations with similar age distributions but different race and sex makeup.
e) All of the above.
NM 208 – Nursing Informatics
Telehealth Assignment
PART 2 – 100 points
This will be a research paper at least 3 pages in length, in APA format, that includes:
· The information from part 1.
· An outline of your telehealth effort.
· How will you determine if the information presented was understood?
· What resources will you need? Consider technological resources, physical space, interpreters, etc.
· How will you make up for the fact that you will not be face to face with the client(s)?
.
Running head: HOMELESS POPULATION 1
HOMELESS POPULATION 2
Application of Telehealth in Homeless Population
Name:
Course: Nursing Informatic
University:
Date of Submission: January 19, 2020
Application of Telehealth in Homeless Population
In the advent of technology, telehealth has greatly ...
1. Japan and the “Metabo Law”
Mark J. Manansala
Why Japan and Obesity?
I just remember seeing this silly news story online about Japanese companies doing
mandatory waist line measurements of their employees in an effort to curb obesity. After
doing the research on the topic, it revealed some really interesting information about the
state of health care in Japan. Even though, it’s known for being pretty healthy when
compared to the rest of the world, they are facing some challenges ahead.
2. Japan and the “Metabo Law”
Mark J. Manansala
Japanese history is rich in mythology, and has influences
from China. It’s first emperor was believed to be a direct
descendant of the sun. After centuries of isolation,
Japan first opened its ports to the west when it signed
the Treaty of Kanagawa with the United States in 1854.
Since then, it has strived to find a balance between
centuries of tradition and modernization.
(History of Nations, 2004, CIA, 2012)
Tokyo, Japan
3. Japan and the “Metabo Law”
Mark J. Manansala Health Care System
2012
Total GDP: $4.617 trillion
Health expenditures: approx $387 billion (9.3% of GDP)
In the 1960s, Japan instituted a national public
health insurance system that is funded by:
1. government subsidies
2. insurance premiums
3. individual copayments There are approximately 3,500 private insurers and government
municipalities that provide insurance for the population.
(CIA, 2012)
The Two Broad Groups of Beneficiaries:
1. Employees and their dependents under the age of 75 (65%)
2. Self-employed, unemployed, and elderly (35%)
(Matsuda, 2012)
Employee Health Insurance (EHI)
Civil Health Insurance (CHI)
*see slide notes to
compare to American
health care system
4. Japan and the “Metabo Law”
Mark J. Manansala
Demographics
Population: 127 million (10th)
Growth Rate: -0.077% * Population is shrinking. Declining for
the third year in a row, and on pace to be
Life Expectancy: 83.91 years (3rd) halved by the end of the century
(Traphagan, 2012).
Median Age: 45.4 years
Obesity Rate: 3.1% (US: 33.9%)
(CIA, 2012)
* Population is also aging, with people
over 65 making up almost a quarter of
the population and teens only 13%
(Traphagan, 2012).
5. Japan and the “Metabo Law”
Mark J. Manansala Looming Demographic Crisis
Population: 127 million (10th)
Growth Rate: -0.077% * Population is shrinking. Declining for
the third year in a row, and on pace to be
Life Expectancy: 83.91 years (3rd) halved by the end of the century
(Traphagan, 2012).
Median Age: 45.4 years
Obesity Rate: 3.1% (US: 33.9%) The current health care system is held together, because much
of the services are paid for by the working population –
(CIA, 2012)
approximately 4% of their salaries plus the 30% co-payments
(Oda, 2011). As many of these people begin to retire, there
will be an increased demand for medical services. When there
are not enough working people that contribute to the health
care system, and pay for this new influx of health care
demands, a deficit will be created. Oda (2011) compares the
situation to the current health care crisis in America as baby
* Population is also aging, with people boomers switch from “being contributors to the system to being
over 65 making up almost a quarter of beneficiaries” (p. 261).
the population and teens only 13%
(Traphagan, 2012).
6. Japan and the “Metabo Law”
Mark J. Manansala
Metabolic Syndrome
a collection of factors that increase
the risk of cardiovascular disease
and diabetes:
• abdominal obesity
• hypertension
• elevated blood glucose
Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labor, and
Welfare released a study finding that • high cholesterol
half of all men and 1 in 5 women (Onishi, 2008)
between the ages of 40 and 74
showed signs of metabolic syndrome.
The report caused a public outcry
against metabolic syndrome – dubbed
“metabo.”
(Singer, 2008) 56 million citizens
(age 40-74)
7. Japan and the “Metabo Law”
“Metabo Law”
Mark J. Manansala
The report from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and
Welfare led to legislation, passed on April 1, 2008
(Singer, 2008). The “Metabo Law” refers to a set of
guidelines officially called the Standards Concerning
Implementation of Special Health Examinations and
Special Public Health Guidance, under the Ministry of
Health, Welfare, and Labor Order 159 (Oda, 2011).
With a goal of shrinking the overweight population by
10% over the next 5 years and by 25% over the next 7
years, these guidelines call for local governments and
employers to conduct mandatory annual examinations,
including measurement of waistlines for people
Basically…
between the ages of 40 and 74 – representing 56
million or 44% of the entire population (Onishi, 2008).
For individuals that exceed the maximum waist line of
33.5 in (85 cm) for men and 35.4 in (90 cm) for women, People between the ages of 40 and
doctors will consider other diagnostics to determine the 74 are required to get annual waist
severity of the metabolic syndrome; those in the highest line measurements.
category will be required to attend counseling sessions
over the next three months to lose weight and make If they exceed the maximum
lifestyle changes (Oda, 2011, p. 265). Employers are measurement, they get counseling.
required to ensure a minimum of 65% participation with
the exam and 25% reduction in obesity within 7 years, Their insurers and employers are
or face penalties of up to 10% of the current payments responsible for achieving at least 65%
which will go to fund elderly care (Oda, 2011). compliance and a 25% reduction in
obesity by 2015, or face fines that will
go on to fund elderly care.
8. Japan and the “Metabo Law”
Mark J. Manansala
Who is Affected?
56 million citizens
There are no incentives or repercussions age 40-74 now “required” to get annual exams
for those that fail to get their waist line
measured. There is also no penalty for
refusing to follow the treatment
recommendations after “failing” the exam.
Companies will pay fines if they do not
meet the 65% compliance and 25%
reduction of obesity by 2015.
Those fines will go toward paying for health
care for the elderly.
Oda (2011) suggests that the whole set of guidelines is
Meanwhile, childhood obesity numbers a clever way to benefit…
continue to rise; now at 20% (Rohana &
Aiba, 2012). “not the 3% of Japan’s population considered obese so
much as it is the scores of elderly Japanese endangered by
a healthcare system going bankrupt” (p. 269).
9. Japan and the “Metabo Law”
Mark J. Manansala Legislating Health Around the World
In 2011, Denmark passed a “fat tax” that implemented an
across-the-board tax on all foods with saturated-fat content
above 2.3% (Kliff, 2012). Instead of causing consumers to
make healthier food choices, people bought their fatty foods
online or in neighboring Germany (Kliff, 2012). By 2012, the
Danish government announced that it would abolish the tax.
In America, the Safeway Amendment that allows employers to offer
insurance incentives and discounts to people who take steps toward
better health (Borrell, 2011). The amendment got its name from the
Safeway Chief Executive Steve Burd, who wrote of his company’s
Healthy Measures program was “proof that incentives could cut our
nation’s healthcare costs by 40%” (as cited in Borrell, 2011, para 3).
The goal is to keep workers healthy, reduce sick time, and
ultimately reduce health care costs. However, critics said that the
program was poorly designed and created inequality by benefiting
those that are already healthy at the cost to those who are
unhealthy, and unfairly to those who are unhealthy despite efforts to
improve their healthy (Borrell, 2011).
10. Japan and the “Metabo Law”
Mark J. Manansala Pros & Cons
Pros: Cons:
“Metabo” has become a cultural phenomenon Currently, less than half of the 56 million people between the
– leading to an increased awareness of health ages of 40 and 74 are attending their “required” annual check-
and fitness. ups. If this number does not reach the 65% goal of the law by
Japan is still one of the thinnest countries in 2015, companies will face heavy fines. A large company like
the world with an obesity rate of 3.1% (CIA, NEC said that it could face up to $19 million in penalties
2012). (Singer, 2008)
Fines from the 2015 deadline will fund health Only 12.3% of those that receive counseling follow through
care for the elderly, maintaining universal with the medical advice (Lhuillery, 2013).
health care in Japan. Does not address rising childhood obesity rates.
Companies are offering healthier food choices Companies may start to discriminate against overweight
and metabo-education for employees and their people to avoid paying fines.
families.
The waist line measurements conflict with recommendations of
the International Diabetes Federation.
Editor's Notes
***Important to note that almost two thirds of Japan’s health care is covered under EHI. In the United States, health care is not universal. The Affordable Care Act makes will allow more people than ever to be insured, however there will still be groups of uninsured Americans. Both the United States and Japan are facing an economic crisis because of the increasing cost of caring for an aging population. While Japan is older, America is sicker and has an obesity rate ten times the rate of Japan.
Figure is from (CIA, 2012)
Figure is from (CIA, 2012)
Japan is one of the slimmest countries in the world, with an obesity rate of 3.1% (CIA, 2012); in comparison, the United States has an obesity rate of 35% (Nakamura, 2009). Despite its low obesity rates, rice and fresh fruit consumption has fallen by 50%, while beef consumption is up over 40% since 1970 (Singer, 2008). An increased amount of fast food restaurants and the growing appetite for sweets may have also contributed to doubling the number of diabetics in Japan over the past 15 years (Singer, 2008).
References Borrell B. (2011). The fairness of health insurance incentives. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jan/03/health/la-he-health-incentives-20110103/2 . Central Intelligence Agency. (2012). East & Southeast Asia: Japan. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html . History of Nations. (2004). History of Japan. Retrieved from http:// www.historyofnations.net/asia/japan.html . Kliff S. (2012). Denmark scraps world’s first fat tax. The Washington Post . Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2012/11/13/denmark-scraps-worlds-first-fat-tax/ . Lhuillery J. (2013). Breaking the law, one sushi roll at a time. http://blogs.afp.com/correspondent/?post/2013/01/25/Breaking-the-law%2C-one-sushi-roll-at-a-time . Matsuda R. (2012). The Japanese health care system, 2012. The Commonwealth Fund: International Profiles of Health Care Systems, 2012 . Retrieved from http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/Files/Publications/Fund%20Report/2012/Nov/1645_Squires_intl_profiles_hlt_care_systems_2012.pdf . Nakamura D. (2009). Fat in Japan? You’re breaking the law. Global Post . Retrieved from http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/japan/091109/fat-japan-youre-breaking-the-law . Oda B. T. (2011). An alternative perspective to battling the bulge: The social and legal fallout of Japan’s anti-obesity legislation. Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal (12) 1, 249-294. Retrieved from http://www.hawaii.edu/aplpj/index.html. Onishi N. (2008). Japan, seeking trim waists, measures millions. The New York Times . Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/13/world/asia/13fat.html?pagewanted=1&_r=0&ei=5087&em&en=c6f2623fbee96495&ex=1213502400. Rohana A. J. & Aiba N. (2012). Childhood obesity in Japan: A growing public health threat. International Medical Journal (19) 2, 146-149. Retrieved from http://www.seronjihou.co.jp/imj/index.html. Singer R. (2008). Japan cracks down on waistlines. U.S. News. Retrieved from http://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2008/06/04/japan-cracks-down-on-waistlines. Traphagan J. W. (2012). Japan’s demographic nightmare. The Diplomat Blogs . Retrieved from http://thediplomat.com/the-editor/2012/08/09/japans-demographic-nightmare/.