In house presentation for medial professionals.

1. Nutrition In The
Fast Lane
Use healthy eating habits and
exercise to combat cancer,
diabetes and heart disease.

2. Objectives
• Discuss possible causes for cancer, diabetes and heart
disease.
• Identify the role of nutrition and exercise as interventions in
preventing cancer, diabetes and heart disease.

3. Definition of Cancer
What is Cancer?
• Cancer is not just one disease –
there are hundreds of different
types of cancers.
• Cancers are mutations within
the genetic makeup or DNA.
Cancer cell under attack Once this occurs, they begin to
crowd out the “good cells”.
by the immune system

4. Definition of Cancer
• Mutations or changes within our
body’s cells can also occur when the
DNA is damaged by “free radicals”
(which can damage cells, DNA and
proteins).
• Cancer has two major categories;
solid tumors and hematologic
cancers.
 Solid tumors are initially confined
to a specific tissue on organ.
They can shed and travel through
the blood system.
 Hematologic tumors involve the
blood and lymphatic system –
enabling disease to travel fast.

5. Risk Factors of Cancer
• Heredity – genetic predisposition
for cancer
• Chemical and environmental
carcinogens – soot, coal tar,
cigarette smoke, asbestos, amyl
chloride arsenic, sweeteners
(saccharin and cyclamates),
smoked foods and nitrates (used
to smoked foods)
• Radiation – ultraviolet rays from
the sun, x-rays and radioactive
chemicals
• Growing older
• Poor diet
• Alcohol
• Lack of exercise and obesity

6. Cancer – SEER Incidence
From 2003 – 2008, the median age of diagnosis for cancer of all sites was 66 years of age.
Approximately 1.1% were diagnosed under age 20; 2.7% between 20 and 34; 5.6% between
35 and 44; 14.1% between 45 and 54; 22.7% between 55 and 64; 24.7% between 65 and 74;
21.4% between 75 and 84; and 7.8% 85+ years of age.
The age-adjusted incidence rate was 464.4 per 100,000 men and women per year. These
rates are based on cases diagnosed in 2004-2008 from 17 SEER geographic areas.
Incidence Rates by Race
Race/Ethnicity Male Female
All Races 541.0 per 100,000 men 411.6 per 100,000 women
White 543.6 per 100,000 men 423.0 per 100,000 women
Black 626.1 per 100,000 men 400.9 per 100,000 women
Asian/Pacific Islander 347.7 per 100,000 men 297.0 per 100,000 women
American Indian/Alaskan Native 338.0 per 100,000 men 309.0 per 100,000 women
Hispanic 360.2 per 100,000 men 287.5 per 100,000 women
Source: SEER.Cancer.Gov/StatFacts (Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results)

7. Cancer – U.S. Mortality
From 2003 – 2007, the median age at death for cancer of all sites was 73 years of age.
Approximately 0.4% died under age 20; 0.8% between 20 and 34; 2.6% between 35 and 44;
9.0% between 45 and 54; 17.8% between 55 and 64; 24.9% between 65 and 74; 29.7%
between 75 and 84; and 14.9% 85+ years of age.
The age-adjusted death rate was 183.8 per 100,000 men and women per year. These rates
are based on patients who died in 2003-2007 in the U.S.
Death Rates by Race
Race/Ethnicity Male Female
All Races 225.4per 100,000 men 155.4 per 100,000 women
White 222.5 per 100,000 men 155.0 per 100,000 women
Black 296.5 per 100,000 men 180.6 per 100,000 women
Asian/Pacific Islander 134.2 per 100,000 men 94.1 per 100,000 women
American Indian/Alaskan Native 183.7 per 100,000 men 138.0 per 100,000 women
Hispanic 150.5 per 100,000 men 102.3 per 100,000 women
Source: SEER.Cancer.Gov/StatFacts (Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results)

8. Foods That Combat Cancer
• Tomato products with “olive oil” (contain
lycopene)
• Fish (i.e., cod, herring, mackerel, sardines
(contain selenium)
• “Veggies” (i.e., broccoli, brussel sprouts,
cabbage and cauliflower (7 or more “handfuls”
per week can reduce cancer by 50%)
• Berries, green vegetables (vitamin C), citrus
fruits (antioxidants – fight free radicals that
damage DNA)
• Wheat germ, nuts (vitamin E – fights certain
cancers)

9. What is Diabetes?
• People with diabetes have high blood sugar because of either:
• Type I – They do not make enough insulin or
• Type II – The body cells are not able to use the insulin and
prevent glucose (sugar) from been delivered inside the cell.

10. Risk Factors of Diabetes
Age (over 45 years) History of diabetes during pregnancy
Low physical activity Family history of diabetes High blood pressure

11. Symptoms of Diabetes
Being more tired than usual Frequent urination Being very hungry
Losing weight Being very thirsty Being irritable Blurred vision

12. Diabetes – Incidence
• Among U.S. residents aged 65 years and older, 10.9 million, or 26.9%, had
diabetes in 2010.
• About 215,000 people younger than 20 years had diabetes (type 1 or type 2) in
the United States in 2010.
• About 1.9 million people aged 20 years or older were newly diagnosed with
diabetes in 2010 in the United States.
• In 2005–2008, based on fasting glucose or hemoglobin A1c levels, 35% of U.S.
adults aged 20 years or older had pre-diabetes (50% of adults aged 65 years or
older). Applying this percentage to the entire U.S. population in 2010 yields an
estimated 79 million American adults aged 20 years or older with pre-diabetes.
• Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, non-traumatic lower- limb
amputations, and new cases of blindness among adults in the United States.
• Diabetes is a major cause of heart disease and stroke.
• Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States
Source: National Diabetes Facts Sheet, 2011

13. Diabetes – Incidence
From 2003 – 2007, the median age at death for cancer of all sites was 73 years of age.
Approximately 0.4% died under age 20; 0.8% between 20 and 34; 2.6% between 35 and 44;
9.0% between 45 and 54; 17.8% between 55 and 64; 24.9% between 65 and 74; 29.7%
between 75 and 84; and 14.9% 85+ years of age.
The age-adjusted death rate was 183.8 per 100,000 men and women per year. These rates
are based on patients who died in 2003-2007 in the U.S.
Sufficient data are not available to estimate the total prevalence of diabetes (diagnosed and undiagnosed) for other U.S.
racial/ethnic minority populations
Source: National Diabetes Facts Sheet, 2011

14. New Cases of Diagnosed Diabetes
Source: National Diabetes Facts Sheet, 2011

15. Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Diabetes
Source: National Diabetes Facts Sheet, 2011

16. Nutrition guidelines for those at risk for diabetes
• Carbohydrates are one of the (3) key nutrients our bodies need to
be strong and healthy. Carbohydrates, however, directly raise
blood sugar (glucose). They need to be limited, if you are at risk
of diabetes.

17. Nutrition guidelines for those at risk for diabetes
• Foods containing “carbs” breads, cereals, grains, starchy
vegetables, crackers, snacks, dried beans, peas and lentils,
fruits, milk and yogurt, desserts, sweets, regular soda
• Limit “carb” intake to 3-4 carbs per meal
1 carb choice = 15 grams (g) of carbs
Most WOMEN need Most MEN need
Each Meal 3 to 4 car choices = 45 to 60 carbs 4 to 5 carb choices = 60 to 75 g of carbs
Snacks 1 carb choice = 15 g of carbs 1 to 2 carb choices = 15 to 30 g of carbs
(if needed)

18. Nutrition Facts Read Food Labels
Serving Size 8 Crackers (28g) Check the serving size:
Amount per serving 8 crackers. Is that how
much you plan to eat?
Calories 120 Fat Calories 30
% Daily Value
This number – 28g – is the weight
Total Fat 3.5g 5% of the crackers, not the amount of
carbs in the serving
Saturated Fat 1g 5%
Trans Fat 0g
Polyunsaturated Fat 1.5g
Monounsaturated Fat 0.5g
Cholesterol 0mg 0%
Sodium 140mg 6%
Total Carbohydrate 22g 7%
Count total carbs.
Dietary Fiber 1g
Sugars 7g You do not need to count
sugars separately because
Protein 2g the are already counted as
Vitamin A 0% Vitamin C 0% part of the total carbs.
Calcium 10% Iron 4%

19. What is Heart Disease?
• Heart Disease or
cardiopathy is an
umbrella term for a
variety of diseases
affecting the heart.
• Coronary artery disease
is the leading cause of
death in every country.
Every American has a
40% chance of dying
from heart disease.

20. Effects of Heart Disease?
Damaged arteries slow
down your memory and
the ability of your
organs to function.
High blood pressure or the effects of cigarette smoke can damage the inside of
your arteries. Your body tries to repair the “tears” with cholesterol. But if the
repair is with “LDL,” inflammation will occur. A plaque _______ becomes
“irritated” and ruptures. This encourages a blood clot to form. The result
could be a heart attack, stroke, impotence and/or memory loss.

21. Risk Factors of Heart Disease?
Tobacco smoke Physical Inactivity
Stress Stress
Major Risk Factors you
CANNOT control High Blood Pressure High Blood Pressure
High Blood Cholesterol High Blood Cholesterol
Increasing Age Obesity & Overweight
Male Sex (Gender)
Heredity (Including Race)
Major Risk Factors you Alcohol
CAN control
Stress
Tobacco Smoke High Blood Pressure
High Blood Cholesterol High Blood Cholesterol
- (LDL Bad Cholesterol) Diabetes Mellitus
High Blood Pressure
Physical Inactivity Obesity
Obesity and Overweight
Diabetes Mellitus

22. Foods good for your heart
Antioxidants
(anti-inflammatory
Nuts Olive Oil Fish substances):
All nuts (i.e., Helps to raise 3 portions/per Nuts, any tea,
walnuts, peanuts) – your HDL good week – Salmon, red wine,
1 handful a day cholesterol. white fish (cod grapes,
decreases the or bass) a must cranberries,
incidence of heart which reduces onions and
disease between 20 triglycerides in tomatoes.
- 60 percent. The your blood and
best nuts are those lowers plaque
high in omega-3 build up.
fatty acids.

23. Foods to avoid for your heart
Saturated fats LIMIT to 20 grams a day
– luncheon meats, full fat diary products, baked goods,
fried fast foods, palm and coconut oils, maple syrup.

24. Exercise your way to good health
Exercise and good nutrition:
adults need at least 30
minutes of moderate to
vigorous physical exercise
at least 5 days a week
Children and adolescents:
60 minutes a day per week.
Examples of exercise:
Gardening, bicycling, yard
work, dancing, stair
climbing, moderate-heavy
house cleaning, swimming,
brisk walking and working
out.

25. Now, to make sense of this!

26. Fruits and Vegetables
Any vegetable or
Any fruit or 100% 100% vegetable
fruit juice counts juice counts as a
as part of the Fruit member of the
Group. Vegetable Group.
Vegetable may be
Fruits may be raw or cooked;
fresh, canned fresh, frozen,
frozen, or dried, canned, or
and may be dried/dehydrated,
whole, cut-up, or and may be whole,
pureed. cut-up, or massed.

27. Protein Foods
All foods made from meat, poultry, seafood, beans and
peas, eggs, processed soy products, nuts, and seeds are
considered part of the Protein Foods Group. Beans and
peas are also part of the Vegetable Group.

28. Nutrition In The Fast Lane
• Use healthy eating habits and exercise to combat cancer,
diabetes and heart disease. Combining both regularly and in
enough quantity will give you an overall push in the right the
direction to a better and healthy quality of life.

29. Bibliography
• American Cancer Society, Cancer facts and figures 2009, Atlanta:
American Cancer Society, 2009.
• Park Y, Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D, et al. Dietary fiber intake and
risk of colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort
studies. JAMA 2005:294;2849-2857.
• P.A. Futrea, L. Coin, M. Marshall, T. Dowen, T. Hubbard, r.
Wooster, et. al., A census of human cancer genes, Nat. Rev.
Cancer 4 (2004) 177-183.
• Y.J. Surh, Cancer Chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals,
Nat. Rev. Cancer 3 (2003) 768-780.
• The Diabetes Control and Complication Trial research group. The
effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development of
long-term complications in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. N
Engl J Med 1993;329;997-86.