The document discusses the mode of action of carbamate pesticides, which disrupt the nervous system by impacting enzymes like acetylcholinesterase, ultimately incapacitating or killing pests. It provides a historical overview, noting the introduction of carbaryl in 1956, and highlights the symptoms and treatment of carbamate poisoning. Additionally, it mentions specific carbamate chemicals, their trade names, and associated risks, such as the toxicity of aldicarb.

1. MODE OF ACTION OF
CARBAMATE
PREPARED BY GROUP NO 9:
AGHA BILALASGHAR
SANA SYED
ROMANAAFZAL KHAN
SUBMITTEDTO:
MISS SARAH
COURSE NO: 511

2. What is pest?
A destructive insect, animal or microorganism
that attacks crops, food, livestock, etc.

3. What is pesticide?
Pesticides are chemical
substances that are meant to
kill pests. In general, a pesticide
is a chemical or a biological
agent such as a virus,
bacterium, antimicrobial, or
disinfectant that deters,
incapacitates, kills, pests.

4. Chemically-
related
pesticides:
Organophosphate
Carbamate:
Organochlorine
Pyrethroid
Biopesticides

5. Carbamate:
Carbamate is kind of pesticide that
affect the nervous system by
disrupting an enzyme that regulates
the neurotransmitter.
This chemical is a derivative of
carbamic acid (NH 2 COOH).

6. HISTORY OF CARBAMATE:
•The first successful carbamate, was
introduced in 1956 namedCarbaryl.
•It has very low mammalian, oral and
dermal toxicity.
•It has a broad spectrum of insect control.

7. MODE OF ACTION
• Carbamate interact with the enzymes called
acetylcholinesterase and other
cholinesterase, which disrupt the nerve
impulses.
• It causes the insect to be disabled or killed.
• Basically, nerve cells in the brains of humans
or insects send tiny electrical pulses down
tendrils to the end of the cell where the pulse
has to jump across a gap – known as a
synapse – to another nerve cell.

8. • A chemicals known as ACh moves from one cell
to the other and binds with the new cell, sending
the electrical pulse down the new cell.
• These insecticides – and nerve gas agents that
are closely related – prevent the ACh from
coming loose from the new cell, so it can't
receive any more impulses.The insects can't
function and die.

9. • Carbamates have similar properties to the
organophosphates, but last in the
environment for a much shorter time
period.
• They are thought to be less toxic.

10. Common
name
Carbaryl
Methiocarb
Thiodicarb
Methomyl
Carbofuran
propoxur
Fenoxycarb
Aldicarb

11. Trade
names
Carbaryl®, Prokoz® and Sevin®
Mesurol®
Larvin®
Lannate®
Furadan®
Baygon
Award® and Logic®
Temik®

12. BANNED
Aldicarb
• Aldicarb is a carbamate acaricide which kills spiders, mites and ticks, and
nematodes (roundworms).
• This off-white crystalline substance was first manufactured in 1965, and
was registered for use a few years later.
• Aldicarb is one of the most toxic substances registered with
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
• In some countries, aldicarb is used as an illegal rodenticide in residential
locations.

13. Carbamate Poisoning
• Excessive sweating,
• Headache
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Excessive salivation.
• Miosis, Miosis is a condition in which the pupil, the black opening at the
center of your eye, shrinks and becomes very small.
• Cramping in the abdominal cavity
SIGNS AND SYMPTONS

14. • Cardiovascular system symptoms include palpitations (a
skipped, extra or irregular heartbeat — is a type of
abnormal heart rhythm) .
• Changes in pulse rate.
• Spontaneous recovery is possible within 4 hours of
poisoning if the patient presents only
with nausea , vomiting , headache and excessive salivation

15. TREATMENT
• Initial treatment of carbamate pesticide poisoned patients involves the
standard ABC of resuscitation, which include airway, breathing and
compression.
• Since most deaths occur from respiratory failure, airway protection and
ventilatory support is essential.
• Atropine can be given.
• Careful observation probably saves many lives.

16. THANKYOU