Aldicarb is an extremely toxic systemic pesticide that acts as both a contact and stomach poison. It is used to control insects, mites, and nematodes. Aldicarb is a cholinesterase inhibitor that prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine in the body. Acute exposure can cause nausea, vomiting, cramps, and difficulty breathing. While chronic effects are less clear, animal studies show possible delayed behavioral effects. Treatment focuses on minimizing absorption and giving atropine as an antidote with supportive care. Complete recovery is expected if the patient survives the acute effects.

1. Prepared by,
NG SWEE CHING
BP090729106

2. Chemical Descriptions ALDICARB
Molecular Formula: C7H14N2O2S
IUPAC Name:
2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde-0-
(methylcarbamoyl)-oxime

3. Aldicarb_Physical Characteristics
ALDICARB
Class: N-Methyl Carbamate
Appearance: white crystalline solid (in pure
form)
Odour: Slight sulfur smell
Melting point: 100°C
Solubility: water soluble , relatively soluble in most
of the organic solvents

4. Aldicarb_Description
Extremely toxic systemic carbamate
insecticide, acaricide, nematicide
One of the most acutely toxic registered pecticides
(EPA)
Class Ia ”extremely harzadous pecticides” (WHO)
“Restricted Use Pesticide" (in US)

7. Aldicarb ALDICARB
systemic pesticide (readily taken up by the roots
and transferred around the plants
acts as a contact stomach poison
Used in control chewing and sucking insects
(especially aphids, whitefly, leaf miners, and soil-
dwelling insects), spider mites and nematode
worms in agricultural and horticultural setting

8. Aldicarb_Mode of
Action ALDICARB
•It is a cholinesterase inhibitor
1
• Reversibly inhibit the action of acetylcholinesterase
2
• Prevents both the breakdown of Acetylcholine
3
• Prevent the production of the enzyme cholinesterase in cells
4 throughout the body
• Results in an excess of acetylcholine and produces the
5 symptoms of neurotoxicity

10. Aldicarb_Uses and Usage
ALDICARB
is currently registered for use on citrus, cotton, dry
beans, peanuts, pecans, potatoes, soybeans, sugar
beets, sugarcane, sweet potatoes, onions, hops,
coffee, bananas, strawberries
Highest usages of Aldicarb are on cotton (64%)

11. Aldicarb_Acute Toxicity ALDICARB
MUSCARINIC
Salivation, sweating,
Nausea and vomiting,
Abdominal cramps,
Diarrhoea
Miosis
Difficulty breathing
Tightness in chest

12. Aldicarb_Acute Toxicity ALDICARB
Muscular effects :
Weakness Cramps
Fatigue
NICOTINIC
High
Blood Hyperglycaemia
Pressure

13. Aldicarb_Acute Toxicity
The acute toxicity of Aldicarb is probably the
highest of any commonly used pesticide in UK and
US. (The National Academy of Science)
Aldicarb is registered as: 'Toxic in contact with the
skin, by inhalation and if swallowed”. (UK)
There are almost 2000 people became ill after
consumes watermelons that were contaminated
with Aldicarb and following the poisoning episode
there are 6 deaths and 2 stillbirths were reported
in July 1985.

14. Aldicarb_Chronic Toxicity ALDICARB
The evidence of chronic effect of Aldicarb exposure is
very little which rat and dogs which fed with low doses
of Aldicarb for 2 years showed no significant side effects.
Another 2 studies on Aldicarb-exposed chicks : changes
in the chick’s gait and indicate it may have long term
delayed behavioural effects.
In 1986, epidemiologists in the US found that
consumption of low levels of Aldicarb contaminated well
water was associated with one immune system
abnormality.

15. Aldicarb_Toxicology effect
Teratogenic, Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Effects
No teratogenic, mutagenic, or reproductive effects have been
associated with the chemical's use in both animals and humans. [EPA
and EXTOXNET]
The exposure to Aldicarb has not been associated with the
increase in cancer incidence. [National Toxicology Program]
Aldicarb has possibility of carcinogenic due to the potential of in
vivo transformation to the nitroso derivative. [Richer et al]
“Although no one study is unacceptable, the collective data from the
several studies provide sufficient evidence on the lack of an oncogenic
effect.” California’s Department of Pesticide Regulation

16. Aldicarb_Toxicology effect
Reproductive effects
ALDICARB
Aldicarb can caused reproductive problem in
laboratory rats
Foetuses are more sensitive to Aldicarb’s effect
The dose as low as 0.001 to 0.1 mg/kg caused the
depression of AChE in fetal brains and livers
In July 1985, stillbirths were reported by two
women who had suffered acute symptoms after
consumes Adicarb-contaminated watermelon
Increasing in the cases of miscarriages associated
with high Aldicarb contamination levels in
drinking water wells

17. Aldicarb_Treatment ALDICARB
Based on the guideline of WHO, all cases of Aldicarb
poisoning should be dealt as an emergency cases and
should be hospitalized as soon as possible.
OBJECTIVES
Minimizing the General Giving specific
absorption of supportive pharmacological
Aldicarb treatment treatment

18. Objectives ALDICARB
1. Minimizing the absorption of
Aldicarb
• administered ipecacuanha syrup to the
conscious patient
• induced vomiting in ingested cases
2. General supportive treatment
• If encounter first sign of respiratory failure
• Give artificial respiration via a tracheal tube
• should be maintained for as long as necessary

19. Objectives
.
Giving specific pharmacological treatment
• Atropine sufate should be given
intravenously at 2-4mg every 10-12
minutes until the patient fully atropinized.
• Maintain the atropinization condition for
12 hours in intramuscular route at lower
dose
• Normally recovery is within 6hours.
• In some cases, physician also recommended
the combination therapy of diazepam with
atropine

20. ALDICARB
Aldicarb_Prognosis
The chances of complete recovery are very high
if survived from the acute effects.

21. ALDICARB
References Toxipedia. August 16, 2010. Cited on 2012,
1. Dan Becker. Aldicarb.
February 9th. Available from:
http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Aldicarb
2. Environmental Protection Agency United States. Reregistration
Eligibility Decision (RED) Document for Aldicarb. Prevention,
Pesticides and Toxic Substances (7508P). September, 2007. Cited on
2012, February 9 th. Available from:
http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/insect-mite/abamectin-
bufencarb/aldicarb/aldicarb_rer_0907.pdf
3. Aldicarb. Pesticides News No. 45, September 1999, pages 18-19. Cited
on 2012 February 9 th. Available from: http://www.pan-
uk.org/pestnews/Actives/aldicarb.htm
4. John F. Risher et al. The Toxicologic Effects of the Carbamate
Insecticide Aldicarb in Mammals: A Review. Environmental Health
Perspectives. Vol. 72, pp. 267-281, 1987. Cited on 2012 February 9 th.
Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1474664/pdf/envhper00
431-0250.pdf

22. References ALDICARB
5. Extension Toxicology Network (EXTOXNET). Aldicarb.
Cooperative Extension offices of Cornell University, Michigan
State University, Oregon State University, and University of
California, Davis. 1993 September. Cited on 2012 February 9 th.
Available from: http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/24d-
captan/aldicarb-ext.html
6. Caroline Cox. Aldicarb. Journal of Pesticide Reform. 1992. Vol 12.
No.2. Cited on 2012 February 6 th. Available from:
http://www.pesticide.org/get-the-facts/pesticide-
factsheets/factsheets/aldicarb
7. World Health Organization. Data Sheet on Pesticides No.53
Aldicarb. Food And Agriculture Organization. IPCS Inchem Home.
Vbc/Ds/83.53. Cited on 2012 February 9 th. Available from:
http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest53_e.htm
8. World Health Organization. Health and Safety Guide. Aldicarb.
Geneva: United Nation Environmental Programme, the
International Labour Organization, and the World Health
Organization. Health and Safety Guide No. 64.Cited on 2012
February 10th. Available from:
http://www.inchem.org/documents/hsg/hsg/hsg064.htm

23. ALDICARB
Prepared by,
NG SWEE CHING
BP090729106