This document discusses different types of abnormal gaits caused by pain, including antalgic, gonalgic, and podalgic gaits. It focuses on antalgic gait, describing it as a compensatory walking pattern adopted to reduce pain in the lower limb or pelvis by avoiding bearing weight on the affected side. Key features of antalgic gait include shortened stance phase and enhanced swing phase on the painful side. Causes can be traumatic injuries or non-traumatic processes, and treatment involves using a cane on the opposite side. Psoatic and diplegic gaits caused by specific muscle weaknesses or injuries are also summarized.

2. ABNORMAL GAIT
DUETO PAIN

3. GROUP MEMBERS
 Alishba khadim
 Ihsan UL haq
 Jannat Sohail
Assigned by:
Dr.Tahir Hafeez

4. GAIT CYCLE
 Period of time from one heel strike
to the next heel strike of the same
limb
Phases:
consist of two phases
• Stance phase
• Swing phase

5. NORMAL GAIT
 Series of rhythmical, alternating movements of the
trunk and limbs which results in the forward
progression of the center of gravity

6. ABNORMAL GAIT
A gait abnormality is an unusual walking
pattern

7. CAUSES OF ABNORMAL GAIT
 Caused by weakness
 Caused by abnormal joint
position or range of
motion
 Caused by muscle
contracture
 Caused by pain

8. ABNORMAL GAIT
 Due to pain
 Following are the types of gait due to pain
1. Antalgic gait (Painful hip)
2. Gonalgic gait (Painful knee)
3. Podalgic gait (painful foot)

9. ANTALGIC GAIT
 This is a compensatory gait pattern
adopted in order to remove or diminish
the discomfort caused by pain in the
Lower Limb or pelvis.
 A patient with antalgic gait does not want
to spend time on the one leg due to the
pain.
 Due to pain anywhere from foot to hip,
the patient avoids bearing weight on the
affected side

10. BIOMECHANICAL EFFECTS
 With antalgic gait, there is an abnormal shortened stance phase on one
steps.
 A patient wants to get their weight off of the affected extremity
 The patient spends most of their stance of their time with their weight
being placed onto the normal leg.
 The swing phase is enhanced on the affected side and may be shortened
on the normal leg in order to get the normal leg back to the ground.
 This is done in order to lift the painful extremity off of the ground.
 When pain is increased by walking, it leads to an antalgic gait.

11. CAUSES OF ANTALGIC GAIT
 The etiology of antalgic gait can be divided into traumatic and non-
traumatic categories.
 Traumatic etiologies are typically contusions, strains, and overuse
injuries
 while non-traumatic etiologies include infectious, oncologic, and
bone processes.

12. MUSCLES AND ANGLE INVOLVED
 Muscles
 It most often affects the foot, knee,or hip.
 Angle Effected
 Normal: Stance phase:60%
Swing phase:40%
 Affected: Stance phase:40%
Swing phase:60%

13. TREATMENT
 The pain can be helped by
using a cane on the opposite
side of the painful extremity.

14. PSOATIC GAIT
 Psoas bursa may be inflamed & edematous,
which cause limitation of movement due to
pain & produce a atypical gait.
 Hip externally rotated
 Hip adducted
 Knee in slight flexion
 The limp may be accompanied by
exaggerated trunk and pelvic movement.

15. MUSCLE INVOLVED
 Weakness or reflex
inhibition of the psoas
major muscle.

16. DIPLEGIC GAIT
 Patients have involvement on both
sides with spasticity in lower
extremities worse than upper
extremities.
 Biomechanical effect
 The patient walks with an
abnormally narrow base, dragging
both legs and scraping the toes.

17. MUSCLES INVOLVED
 This gait is seen in bilateral
periventricular lesions, such as
those seen in cerebral palsy.
 Extreme tightness of hip adductors
which can cause legs to cross the
midline referred to as a scissors
gait.
 Muscles of the lower extremities
of the human body, usually those of
the legs, hips and pelvis

18. CAUSES OF DIPLEGIC GAIT
The exact cause is often unknown.
 However, Spastic diplegia cerebral palsy has been associated with
genetic abnormalities;
 congenital brain malformations;
 maternal infections or fevers; and/or injury before,during or
shortly after birth.”

19. PATTERN
 Flexion at hip
 Flexion at knee
 Ankles are extended and
internal rotated
 Abduction at knee

20. EXAMPLES OF DIPLEGIC GAIT
 Common abnormal gait patterns in
individuals with spastic diplegia
include:
 Scissor gait (walking with the knees
turned inwards)
 Tiptoeing (walking on the toes)
 Crouch gait (walking with
continuously bent knees, hips, and
ankles)