This document presents research on using Spirulina as a potential solution to protein deficiency issues faced by pregnant women in Indonesia. It discusses high maternal and infant mortality rates in Indonesia due to chronic energy deficiency caused by lack of protein intake during pregnancy. Spirulina is presented as a good source of protein, containing 57.5 grams of protein per 100 grams. The study evaluated people's knowledge, attitudes and actions regarding consuming Spirulina-fortified milk products during pregnancy. It found that those with greater knowledge showed more positive attitudes and were more likely to take action. The conclusion is that Spirulina can help address maternal mortality in Indonesia by providing necessary protein intake during pregnancy.

1. Presented by:
Acotsca pratama* ( Technische universitaet Clausthal germany)
Maulidya Rosaline2 ( State University of Surabaya Indonesia )
Alfi Lailiyah3 ( University of Indonesia )
Traviata Prakarti4 ( University of Indonesia )
Nur Herda Wati Nisa5 ( University of Indonesia )
Eky Lukman Hakim6 ( Universitas Gadjah Mada of Indonesia )
Oral Presentation
“Spirulina as Potential Biological Agents Protein Needs Best
Solution for Pregnant Woman”

2. Background
Point of problems
Main Solutions
Method
Conclusion

3. These factors closely related to the
nutritional aspect of the sociaty,
especially children’s health and
pregnant women (Harahap, 2007).
Three of main factors quality index of life :
Education
Health
Economy
There are four nutrition problems in Indonesia those are :
2. Iodium deficiency problems
1. Malnutrition
4. Vitamin A deficiency
3. Iron deficiency anemia

4. OUR Fact in Indonesia
The average of
maternal mortality rate
(MMR) was recorded
at 359 per 100
thousand live
births in 2008-
2012
(Indonesian Demographic
Health Survey/ IDHS,
2012)
This death rate is much
INCREASED
Compared the result
of IDHS 2007 which
reaching 228 per
100 thousand live
births
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
is 34 per 1.000 live births
(IDHS, 2007)

5. Maternal Mortality trends in
Selected ASEAN Countries
Source: http://www.unicef.org/indonesia

6. Trend of Maternal Mortality Rate
in Indonesia (IDHS, 2012)
Source: Ministry of Health in Indonesia,
MDGS Target for
MMR is
102/100.000 live
births

7. Trend of Infant Mortality Rate
Source:
http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Indonesia/Indonesia_MDG_2010.pdf

8. Frequency Distribution IMR in Indonesia (IDHS, 2007)
Most of the
contributors to infant
mortality rate in
Indonesia is in the
eastern part of
Indonesia which
includes Maluku,
Papua and Nusa
Tenggara

9. What happening?
One of the most important causes of
maternal mortality is Chronic Energy
Deficiency (CED) which can cause
bleeding and infection
According to UNICEF (2012), one of
factors causing CED experienced by
pregnant women is the lack of
nutritional intake of food,
especially protein intake

10. Research in Nusa Tenggara Barat
The results of this study showed that
there is a significant relation between
CED and incidence of LBW. The same
study ever conducted by Hidayati in
Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat. The
subjects were exposed to the CED has
a probability of 4.71 times more
likely to give birth to LBW (Theses in
2005)

11. (continue)
According the result from Budijanto study (2000), showed
that when pregnant woman has lower of nutritional
status with ≤9 kg weight gain and upper arm
circumference less than 22 cm will have the risk of
having a baby with low birth weight (less than 2.5 kg)

12. Pregnant
women need
protein intake
around 55-60
grams per day
100 grams of soy milk
contains 23 grams of protein
100 grams of tempeh
contains 41 grams of protein
100 grams of cow's milk
contains 3.2 grams of protein
100 grams of beef contains
21 grams of protein
NOT
ENOUGH

13. What is Spirulina sp.?
Description
• Unicelluler microalgae and
classified as microscopic
filamentous
cyanobacterium belonged
• Fairly HIGH protein content
• Protein content per 100
grams of spirulina sp. is
57,5 = amount of protein
required by pregnant
woman
• Bluish green microalgae
whose life widespread in all
ecosystems

14. Types of Food Protein Content
Meat and fish 15-25%
Chicken 24%
Soybean 35%
Milk powder 35%
Legumes 25%
Egg 12%
Cereals 14-18%
[Comparation of Spirulina protein
among others ( Yosta, E, et al.
2010. Algae Oil Extraction from
Spirulina )]
[Ordinary
Pregnancy
Milks ]

15. METHOD
Data Collection
• The data obtained in this
study is primary data. The
primary data obtained by
giving questionnaire to the
respondent.
• The collection of data
through questionnaires
spend for a month.
Data Analysis
• This research using
quantitative descriptive
method.
• There are three variables
such as variable knowledge,
attitudes, and action.
• Population  students from
public health faculty
University of Indonesia and
students from State
University of Surabaya
majoring in biology.
• Technique sampling 
Quota sampling.

16. RESULT
The data obtained from this study provide the results of level of knowledge about
the potential health Spirulina sp. For pregnant women as well as illustration of
action and attitude from respondent toward this product, and will be presented in
the following graph:
Fig. 1 Overview of respondents knowledge level toward Spirulina sp.for
maternal

17. Fig. 2 Overview of Respondents Attitudes
toward Dairy Spirulina sp.
Fig. 3 Overview of the
Respondents actions toward Dairy
Spirulina sp.

18. Table 1.Correlation of Knowledge
with Attitude
Attitude
TotalNegative
attitude
Positive
attitude
Knowledge Poor
Knowledge
Count 2 0 2
% within
Knowledge
100,0% 0,0% 100,0%
Good
Knowledge
Count 4 24 28
% within
Knowledge
14,3% 85,7% 100,0%
Total
Count 6 24 30
% within
Knowledge 20,0% 80,0% 100,0%

19. Table 2.Correlation of Knowledge
with Action
Action
Total
Negative
action
Positive
action
Knowledge
Poor
Knowledge
Count 1 1 2
% within
Knowledge 50,0% 50,0% 100,0%
Good
Knowledge
Count 1 26 27
% within
Knowledge 3,7% 96,3% 100,0%
Total
Count 2 27 29
% within
Knowledge 6,9% 93,1% 100,0%

20. CONCLUSION
 Respondents with a better level of
knowledge about the potential of Spirulina
sp. for maternal health have a positive
attitude and actions towards dairy products
of Spirulina sp.
 Spirulina sp. can be one of the potential
solution to overcome the problems of
maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia,
particularly in eastern Indonesia.
 There is a relation among knowledge with
attitudes and respondents action toward
dairy products Spirulina sp.

21. Comparation Spirulina milk
between the ordinary Pregancy
Milks

22. References
• Yudiati, Ervia, et al. 2011. Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity Methanol Extracts and Crude Pigments
Spirulina sp. Vol. 16 (4) 187-192. Semarang: Diponegoro University Belcher, Hilary and Elica
Sware. 1978. A Beginner’s Guide to Freshwater of Algae. London: Institute of Terestrial Ecology:
Natural Environment Research Council
• Belcher, Hilary and Elica sware. 1978 A Beginner's Guide to Freshwater Algae of. London:
Institute of Terrestrial Ecology: Natural Environment Research Council
• Budijanto, et al. 2000 The risk of Low Birth Weight Babies (LBW) in Madison County Health
Center Balorejo. Medika .September No. XXVI 9 Year 2000; p 566-569Yosta, E, et al. , 2010.
Algae Oil Extraction from Spirulina Sp. New Raw Material Alternative Discourse on Biodiesel
Production Process. Surabaya: Surabaya Institute of Technology
• Ward, the Supreme Faithful. 2012 Milk Processing Technology. Surakarta: Slamet Riyadi
University
• Yosta, E, et al. , 2010 Algae Oil Extraction from Spirulina Sp. New Raw Material Alternative
Discourse on Biodiesel Production Process. Surabaya: Surabaya Institute of Technology
• Zaenab, R., Joeharno. , 2008 Several Risk Factors The incidence of LBW in the Al-Fatah hospital
Ambon period of January to December of 2006 Available from: http: / //weight-body-low-birth-
bblr.html
• UNICEF, Indonesia 2012: annual report 2012 Unite for Children
• Simanjuntak, David and Etti Sudaryati. 2011. Nutrition In Pregnancy and Breastfeeding. North
Sumatra: Faculty of Public Health, University of North Sumatra
• Belliger Edward G. and David C. Sigee. 2010 Freshwater Algae: Identification and Use as
Bioindicators. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

23. “ Thing about the
generations and to say
we want to make a
better world for our
children and our
children’s children its
better world for them
and thing if they can
make it a better place”.
Increasing health side for mom and children while make our quality of life
much more better .
Thank you and Last We Say

24. The analysis of proteins have 2 methods, that qualitative and quantitative.
Qualitative analysis has
Xantoprotein reaction, Hopkins-Cole reaction, Millon reaction, Nitroprusida
reaction, and Sakaguchi reaction. While the Quantitative analysis has
Kjeldahl method, titration formol, Lowry method, visible spektrofotometry

25. • Lowry method is the development of Biuret method. This
method has 2 reactions. First, Complex of Cu(II)-protein will be
made like biuret method, which in alkalis Cu(II) reduced to
Cu(I). Cu+ reducing Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, complex of
phosphotungstat produce heteropoly-molybdenum blue
because oxidation reaction the aromatic by catalysis of Cu
which give Intensif blue colour in order to detected with
kolorimetri. The power of blue colour based on residues of
tryptophan and tyrosine. The advantage this method is more
sensitive ( 100 times) than Biuret method so needs few sample
of protein. The detection limits approximately at concentration
0.01 mg/mL but this method has much interference because
the sensitivity (Lowry et.al 1951).

27. More advantages
• We have more benefits acid such as: linoleic
acid (LA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and
arachidonic acid (AA) are in spirulina, so do
some vitamin such as vitamins B1 (thiamine),
B2 (riboflavin), B3 (nicotinamide), B6
(pyridoxine), vitamin C, vitamin A and vitamin E.
It also a source of potassium, calcium,
magnesium, sodium and zinc. Protein has an
important source of calories for pregnant woman
because in the same time they need more 10
grams of protein than usual. Therefore, our
products also provide protein content of 55-70%
which useful for pregnant women.