The document discusses the past tense forms of the verb "to be" in English and Catalan. It notes that "to be" is the only verb that has two past tense forms (was/were) depending on the subject. It provides examples of the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of the past tense of "to be" translated between English and Catalan. For each person (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they), it lists the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms.
The document discusses the use of "there was" and "there were" in English and Catalan. It explains that "there was" is used to express that a single thing or person existed, while "there were" is used to express that multiple things or people existed. Examples are given of using these phrases in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms in both English and Catalan.
The document discusses the past tense forms of the verb "to be" in English and Catalan. It notes that "to be" is the only verb that has two past tense forms (was/were) depending on the subject. It provides examples of the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of the past tense of "to be" translated between English and Catalan. For each person (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they), it lists the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms.
This document discusses the verb "have got" in Catalan. It translates to "tenir" or "to have". Examples are provided showing how to use "have got" in its extended and abbreviated forms in sentences like "I have got an ice cream" and "You have got a notebook". It also explains how to form questions using "have" before the subject and negatives using "not" or "haven't" after "have".
This document discusses word order in English sentences. It explains that question sentences follow the word order of question word + verb auxiliary + subject + verb principal + complements. Affirmative sentences follow the order of subject + verb principal + complements. And negative sentences follow the order of subject + do/does not + verb principal + complements.
This document discusses word order in English sentences. It explains that question sentences follow the word order of question word + verb auxiliary + subject + principal verb + complements. Affirmative sentences follow the order of subject + principal verb + complements. And negative sentences follow the order of subject + do/does not + principal verb + complements.
This document discusses word order in English sentences. It explains that question sentences follow the word order of question word + verb auxiliary + subject + verb principal + complements. Affirmative sentences follow the order of subject + verb principal + complements. And negative sentences follow the order of subject + do/does not + verb principal + complements.
The document discusses the past simple tense in Spanish. It explains that the past simple is used to talk about things that happened in the past. It provides the rules for forming the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of regular and irregular verbs in the past simple tense. Examples are given to illustrate how to add "-ed" or change the verb form depending on whether it is regular or irregular.
This document discusses the verb "have got" in Catalan. It translates to "tenir" or "to have". Examples are provided showing how to use "have got" in its extended and abbreviated forms in sentences like "I have got an ice cream" and "You have got a notebook". It also explains how to form questions using "have" before the subject and negatives using "not" or "haven't" after "have".
This document discusses the verb "have got" in Catalan. It translates to "tenir" or "to have". Examples are provided showing how to use "have got" in its extended and abbreviated forms in sentences like "I have got an ice cream" and "You have got a notebook". It also explains how to form questions using "have" before the subject and negatives using "not" or "haven't" after "have".
1. EL PRESENT SIMPLE
Utilitzem el present simple per expressar accions o hàbits que esdevenen regularment.
Pensa que de vegades també s’anomena present habitual. D’aquesta manera, recordaràs que
indica accions que esdevenen habitualment, amb regularitat.
Exemples
Anglès Català
I play football every day. Jugo a futbol cada dia.
We go to school every morning. Anem a l’escola cada matí.
The Present Simple té la mateixa forma que l’infinitiu, però en lloc de to porta un subjecte.
Exemples
a) FORMA AFIRMATIVA DEL PRESENT SIMPLE
Infinitiu Present simple
To speak I speak
You speak
He speaks
She speaks
It speaks
We speak
You speak
They speak
És molt important que et fixis que la tercera persona del singular (he/she/it) porta una –s.
Regles d’ortografia per a les terceres persones del singular
Els verbs que acaben en –o, -ss, -sh, -ch o –x afegeixen –es a continuació.
Exemples
Infinitiu Present simple
To do (fer) He does
To go (anar) She goes
To dress (vestir-se) He dresses
To kiss (besar) She kisses
To brush (raspallar) He brushes
To push (empènyer) She pushes
To teach (ensenyar) She teaches
To watch (mirar) He watches
To fix (arreglar) He fixes
To mix (barrejar) She mixes
2. Si l’infinitiu acaba en –y i davant porta una vocal, a la tercera persona del singular s’hi
afegeix una –s.
Exemples
Infinitiu Present simple
To stay (estar-se) He stays
To buy (comprar) She buys
To enjoy (passar-ho bé, disfrutar) He enjoys
Però si acaba en –y i davant porta una consonant, la –y canvia per –i i s’hi afegeix –es.
Exemples
Infinitiu Present simple
To marry (casar-se) He marries
To crey (plorar) He cries
To dry (assecar) It dries
To study (estudiar) She studies
Per assenyalar que el verb va en Present Simple generalment va acompanyat per unes
expressions temporals que indiquen que les accions del verb esdevenen habitualment.
Així tindrem:
Every day (cada dia)
Once a week (una vegada a la setmana)
Twice a year (dos cops a l’any)
Every afternoon (cada tarda)
Four times a month (quatre cops al mes)
All the time (tota l’estona)
ATENCIÓ: aquest tipus d’expressions s’acostumen a posar al final de la frase.
Exemples
Anglès Català
I go to English class three times a week. Vaig a classe d’anglès tres cops a la setmana.
We watch TV every afternoon. Mirem la televisió cada tarda.
Però a la vegada les podem posar al començament de la frase.
Exemple
Anglès Català
Once a year we have final exams. Un cop a l’any tenim exàmens finals.
3. b) FORMA NEGATIVA DEL PRESENT SIMPLE
Per canviar una frase d’afirmativa a negativa en Present Simple,
cal que afegim el verb to do i l’adverbi not.
Exemples
Frase afirmativa Frase negativa
I speak English. I do not speak English.
You play computer games. You do not play computer games.
He wears jeans. He does not wear jeans.
She likes ice-cream. She does not like ice-cream.
It eats fish. It does not eat fish.
We visito ur friends. We do no visito ur friends.
You live in Spain. You do not live in Spain.
They work hard. They do not work hard.
ATENCIÓ: Fixa’t que si és tercera persona del singular amb –s podem does not (doesn’t) i
el verb principal perd la –s.
Exemples
Frase afirmativa Frase negativa
Anglès Català
He likes sweets. No li agraden els dolços. He does not like sweets.
She speaks English. Ella no parla anglès. El She does not speak English.
The dog barks. gos no borda The dog does not bark.
c) FORMA INTERROGATIVA DEL PRESENT SIMPLE
Per canviar d’afirmativa a interrogativa una frase en present simple o habitual, cal que
col·loquem el verb to do en primer lloc, després el subjete i després el verb principal.
Exemples
Frase afirmativa Frase interrogativa
Anglès Català
I like cakes Do I like cakes? M’agraden els dolços?)
You visit your friends. Do you visit your friends? Visites els teus amics?
He smokes cigars. Does he smoke cigars? Fuma puros?
She lives in England. Does she live in England? Viu a Anglaterra?
It barks at night. Does it bark at night? Borda a les nits?
We like school. Do we like school? Ens agrada l’escola?
You study every day. Do you study every day? Estudieu cada dia?
They wear old clothes. Do they wear old clothes? Porten roba vella?
ATENCIÓ: Fixa’t que si és tercera persona del singular amb –s podem does, però el verb
principal perd la –s.
4. Exemples
Frase afirmativa Frase interrogativa
Anglès Català
She likes festivals. Does he like festivals? Li agraden les festes? Treballa
He works in an office. Does he work in an office? a una oficina?
The cat drinks milk. Does the cat drink milk? El gat beu llet?
d) RESPOSTES BREUS AMB EL PRESENT SIMPLE
Una pregunta amb el Present Simple porta do/does. Per respondre també cal que empris el
verb to do.
Exemples
Pregunta Afirmativa Negativa
Do you speak French? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Does he eat meat? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
Do we read English? Yes, we do. No, we don’t.
Do they wash the car? Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
Fixa’t que si és tercera persona del singular cal que utilitzis la forma does.
ATENCIÓ: Observa que en anglès, igual que en català, MAI posem el signe d’interrogació al
principi de la frase interrogativa.