The document discusses the present perfect simple and present perfect continuous tenses in English. The present perfect simple is used to describe actions that began in the past and continue to the present, recently finished actions whose results are visible now, or actions that occurred at an unspecified time in the past. The present perfect continuous emphasizes the duration of an ongoing action that began in the past and may still be occurring now or an action that lasted for some time in the past with visible present results. Examples are provided for the different uses of each tense.