The document discusses the present perfect tense in English. It expresses actions that began in the past and continue in the present or have relevance to the present. The present perfect can emphasize the result of an action, describe something that is still ongoing, or refer to something that recently finished but still affects the present. It discusses the affirmative and negative forms using auxiliary verbs like have and hasn't. Prepositions like for and since are used with the present perfect to specify durations of time or a starting point in the past that continues to the present.

1. PRESENT PERFECT
It expresses an action that is still going on or
that stopped recently, but has an influence
on the present. It puts emphasis on the
result.

2. • Puts emphasis on the result
Example: She has written five letters.
• Action that is still going on
Example: School has not started yet.
• Action that stopped recently
Example: She has cooked dinner.

3. • Finished action that has an influence on the
present
Example: I have lost my key.
• Action that has taken place once, never or
several times before the moment of
speaking
Example: I have never been to Australia.

4. already, ever, just,
never, not yet, so
far, till now, up to
now

5. PRESENT PERFECT
AFFIRMATIVE
I
You
We HAVE done the homework.
They
He
She HAS done the homework
It

6. PRESENT PERFECT
NEGATIVE
I
You HAVEN’T done the homework.
We
They
He
She HASN’T done the homework
It

7. PRESENT PERFECT
INTERROGATIVE
I
you
HAVE we done the homework?
they
he
HAS she done the homework?
it

8. FOR/SINCE
We use them in sentences
where we want to talk about
something that started in the
past and continues into the
present.

10. FOR
It is used when specifying the amount of time
(how long).
• I've had this watch for more than 40 years.
• I've only known her for a few weeks.
• He's been here for 6 months and still can't
speak a word of German.
• She's been doing her homework for a long
time.

11. SINCE
It is used when specifying the starting point.
• I've had this watch since 1965.
• I've only known her since the beginning of
last week.
• We’ve lived here since April.
• She's been studying since this morning.

12. IMPORTANT!
The present perfect or present perfect
continuous are needed in such sentences.
It is wrong to say:
I know her for two years.
I know her since 2006.