The document defines a prescription as an order from a medical practitioner to a pharmacist for a specific medication for an individual patient. It discusses the key parts of a prescription including the date, patient information, drug name, dosing instructions, and prescriber information. It also covers handling a prescription properly through receiving, reading, compounding, labeling, and packaging. Common errors in prescriptions are discussed such as issues with abbreviations, drug names, doses, dosage forms, strengths, and compatibility. Proper interpretation and verification of prescription details helps avoid errors and ensures patients receive their intended treatment.
it is GTU based syllabus chapter and all the points are covered like... handling of prescription , etc... very helpful for pharmacy students...and its in easy language..
PRESCRIPTION
DEFINITION:
Prescription is a written order from a registered medical practitioner or
other properly licensed practitioners such as dentist, veterinarian etc.
To a pharmacist to compound and dispense a specific medication for the
patient.
The prescriptions are generally written in the English language but
Latin words or abbreviations are frequently used in order to save time.
PARTS OF PRESCRIPTION:
Prescriptions are gentrally written on a typical format which is usually
kept as pads.
1. Date.
2. Name, age, sex and address of the patient.
3. Superscription.
4. Inscription.
5. Subscription.
6. Signatura.
7. Renewal instructions.
8. Signature, Address and Registration number of the prescriber.
1) DATE:
It helps a pharmacist to find out the date of prescribing and date of
presentation for filling the prescription.
2) NAME, AGE, SEX AND ADDRESS OF THE PATIENT:
Name, age, address of the patient must be written in the prescription
because it serves to identify the prescription.
In case, if any of these information is missing in the prescription, the
same may be included by the pharmacist after proper enquiry from the
patient.
Age and sex of the patient, especially in case of children, help the
pharmacist to check the prescribed dose of medication.
3) SUPERSCRIPTION:
It is represented by a symbol Which is written before writing the
prescription. is an abbrevation of the latin word receipe, meaning
‘You take’ (take thou). In olden days,the symbol was considered from
the sign of jupiter, God of healing.
4) INSCRIPTION:
This is the main part of the prescription order, contains the names and
quantities of the prescribed ingredients.
The names of ingredients are generally written in English language but
common abbreviation used can written both in English and Latin
languages.
The medicament may be prescribed as an official preparation,
a proprietary product, a nonproprietary product (Generic), not official
or a specific or individual formula.
In case of special or individual formula, the quantity of each ingredient
will be stated together with a description of the type of the preparation,
e.g: cream, mixture, lotion etc.
The name of each ingredient is written on a separate line along with its
quantity.
5) SUBSCRIPTION:
This comprises direction to the pharmacist for preparing and number
of doses to be dispensed.
6) SIGNATURA:
This consists of the direction to be given to the patient regarding the
administration of the drug.
It is usually written as ‘sig’ on the prescription.
The instructions given in prescription are required to be transferred to
the label of the container in which the medicament is to be dispensed, so
that the patient can follow it.
RENEWAL INSTRUCTIONS:
The prescriber indicate on every prescription order, whether it may be
renewed and if so, how many times.
It is very important particularly in the prescription containing the
narcotic and habit form
it is GTU based syllabus chapter and all the points are covered like... handling of prescription , etc... very helpful for pharmacy students...and its in easy language..
PRESCRIPTION
DEFINITION:
Prescription is a written order from a registered medical practitioner or
other properly licensed practitioners such as dentist, veterinarian etc.
To a pharmacist to compound and dispense a specific medication for the
patient.
The prescriptions are generally written in the English language but
Latin words or abbreviations are frequently used in order to save time.
PARTS OF PRESCRIPTION:
Prescriptions are gentrally written on a typical format which is usually
kept as pads.
1. Date.
2. Name, age, sex and address of the patient.
3. Superscription.
4. Inscription.
5. Subscription.
6. Signatura.
7. Renewal instructions.
8. Signature, Address and Registration number of the prescriber.
1) DATE:
It helps a pharmacist to find out the date of prescribing and date of
presentation for filling the prescription.
2) NAME, AGE, SEX AND ADDRESS OF THE PATIENT:
Name, age, address of the patient must be written in the prescription
because it serves to identify the prescription.
In case, if any of these information is missing in the prescription, the
same may be included by the pharmacist after proper enquiry from the
patient.
Age and sex of the patient, especially in case of children, help the
pharmacist to check the prescribed dose of medication.
3) SUPERSCRIPTION:
It is represented by a symbol Which is written before writing the
prescription. is an abbrevation of the latin word receipe, meaning
‘You take’ (take thou). In olden days,the symbol was considered from
the sign of jupiter, God of healing.
4) INSCRIPTION:
This is the main part of the prescription order, contains the names and
quantities of the prescribed ingredients.
The names of ingredients are generally written in English language but
common abbreviation used can written both in English and Latin
languages.
The medicament may be prescribed as an official preparation,
a proprietary product, a nonproprietary product (Generic), not official
or a specific or individual formula.
In case of special or individual formula, the quantity of each ingredient
will be stated together with a description of the type of the preparation,
e.g: cream, mixture, lotion etc.
The name of each ingredient is written on a separate line along with its
quantity.
5) SUBSCRIPTION:
This comprises direction to the pharmacist for preparing and number
of doses to be dispensed.
6) SIGNATURA:
This consists of the direction to be given to the patient regarding the
administration of the drug.
It is usually written as ‘sig’ on the prescription.
The instructions given in prescription are required to be transferred to
the label of the container in which the medicament is to be dispensed, so
that the patient can follow it.
RENEWAL INSTRUCTIONS:
The prescriber indicate on every prescription order, whether it may be
renewed and if so, how many times.
It is very important particularly in the prescription containing the
narcotic and habit form
This presentation quotes various pharmaceutical calculations with examples. The following aspects like percentage calculations, alcoholic dilutions, Alligation method, proof spirit calculations, isotonicity adjustment, posology, temperature measurements, dialysis clearance, Pharmacokinetics calculations were covered with examples.
In ancient India the sources of drugs were of vegetable, animal and mineral origin.(Ayurveda).They were prepared empirically by few experienced persons. Knowledge of that medical system was usually kept secret within a family (Folkore).There were no scientific methods of standardization of drugs.
Prescription is a written medication order to pharmacist by medical prescriber, for supply of medicine to a patient.
It has some parts which have been explained in this presentation.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND & DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSION OF PHARMACYTeny Thomas
The following presentation deals with what the course of pharmacy is and what a pharmacist is. Also a short brief on the historical growth of the profession of pharmacy when related to education and industry is also discussed here. A detailed view on career in pharmacy is described lastly.
Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy: History of profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to pharmacy education, industry and organization, Pharmacy as a career, Pharmacopoeias: Introduction to IP, BP, USP and Extra Pharmacopoeia.
Introduction to Social Pharmacy, Definition, Social Pharmacy as a Discipline, Scope of Social Pharmacy in Improving Public Health, Role of Pharmacist in Public Health, Concept of Health, Dimensions of Health, Determinants of Health, Health Indicators.
This presentation quotes various pharmaceutical calculations with examples. The following aspects like percentage calculations, alcoholic dilutions, Alligation method, proof spirit calculations, isotonicity adjustment, posology, temperature measurements, dialysis clearance, Pharmacokinetics calculations were covered with examples.
In ancient India the sources of drugs were of vegetable, animal and mineral origin.(Ayurveda).They were prepared empirically by few experienced persons. Knowledge of that medical system was usually kept secret within a family (Folkore).There were no scientific methods of standardization of drugs.
Prescription is a written medication order to pharmacist by medical prescriber, for supply of medicine to a patient.
It has some parts which have been explained in this presentation.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND & DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSION OF PHARMACYTeny Thomas
The following presentation deals with what the course of pharmacy is and what a pharmacist is. Also a short brief on the historical growth of the profession of pharmacy when related to education and industry is also discussed here. A detailed view on career in pharmacy is described lastly.
Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy: History of profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to pharmacy education, industry and organization, Pharmacy as a career, Pharmacopoeias: Introduction to IP, BP, USP and Extra Pharmacopoeia.
Introduction to Social Pharmacy, Definition, Social Pharmacy as a Discipline, Scope of Social Pharmacy in Improving Public Health, Role of Pharmacist in Public Health, Concept of Health, Dimensions of Health, Determinants of Health, Health Indicators.
It covered all topics from syllabus of prescription chapter
of pharmaceutics-2,
It's become helpfull for diploma students, took all topics from R.M.Mehta pharmaceutics-2, 3rd edition-2010, vallabh prakashan.
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3. Definition
Prescription is an order written by a physician,
dentist or any other medical practitioner to the
pharmacist to compound & dispense a specific
medication for individual patient.
Prescription is accompanied by direction for
pharmacist and for patient.
The word “prescription” is derived
from the Latin term praescriptus
which made up of two Latin words
prae a prefix meaning ‘before’ and
scribere meaning ‘to write’
4. Types of Prescription
Pre compounding prescription:
• Prescription for already prepared drug (by pharmaceutical
companies) e.g. Cap. Ciprofloxacin (500 mg) etc.
Extemporaneous prescription:
• The pharmacists prepare the medication according to the drugs
and dosages directed by the physician (nowadays not in
practice)
5. Parts of prescription
Date Name
Superscription
Inscription
Subscription
SignatureAge Sex Address
of
patient
Prescriber
Signature Address
Registration
no
6.
7. Date :
Written on the prescription by
prescriber.
To know when the medicines were
last dispensed.
To prevent the misuse of the drug by
the patients.
The prescription which prescribe
narcotic or other habit forming drug,
must bear the date, so as to avoid the
misuse of prescription if it is
presented by the patient, a number
of times for dispensing.
8. Name, Age, Sex & Address of the patient:
It helps to identify the prescription. Especially in
case of children, Age & sex of the patient helps
the pharmacist to check the prescriber dose of
medication.
In case, if any of this information is missing in
the prescription, the same may be included by the
pharmacist after proper enquiry from the patient.
9. Superscription:
It is represented by symbol
Rx.
Rx is the abbreviation of
Latin word recipe, meaning
‘take thou’ or ‘You Take’.
In older days, the symbol
was considered to be
originated from the sign of
Jupiter, god of healing.
This symbol was employed
by the ancient in requesting
god for the quick recovery of
the patient.
10. Nowadays, the majority of the drugs are prescribed
which are already in a suitable formulation.
The pharmacist is required to dispense the readymade
from of drugs. So, compounding of prescription is
almost eliminated.
11. Subscription:
This part contains the prescriber’s directions to the pharmacist .
It includes
Type dosage form to be prepared
No of doses to be dispensed
Signatura:
It is usually written as ‘Sig’ on the prescription.
It consist of the direction to be given to the patient regarding the
administration of the drug.
Usually the quantity of medicament or number or dosage unit to be
taken, how many times in a day or at what time it should be taken.
Instruction must be written on the label of container.
12. Signature, address & registration number of the prescriber :
Information about physician is essential so that the doctor
could be contacted in emergency.
Prescription must be signed with Prescriber’s own hand.
Address and Registration No should be written in case of
narcotic or other habit forming drugs to prevent its misuse.
Renewal instruction :
the prescriber indicate on every prescription order, whether
it may be renewed and if so, how many times.
It is very important particularly in the prescription
containing the narcotic and habit forming drugs to prevent its
misuse.
15. A Prescription should be:
Kept simple
Abbreviations free (if necessary Latin abbreviations should be
used)
Trailing zeros should be avoided, Leading zeros must be added
It should provide clear and specific directions
17. Receiving
The prescription should be received by pharmacist himself/
herself.
It includes
Reading the prescription
Checking the prescription
While receiving a prescription, a pharmacist should not change
his facial expression which gives an impression to the patient that
he is surprised or confused after seeing the prescription.
18. Reading & Checking
Prescription should be completely and carefully read from top to bottom.
Nature of dosage form and time required for preparing.
If long time is needed for compounding must tell the patient to wait.
Careful examination of the prescription should be made only behind the
counter.
Any doubt or direction or any error in writing, patient should not come to
know about it and should consult the other pharmacist or prescriber.
Every word and abbreviation must be interpreted correctly.
Never guess about the meaning of illegible or confusing word.
Prescription should be checked for any incompatibility.
19. Collecting & Weighing the material
Left side Right side
Material
Balance
Collected Weighed
20. Compounding, labeling & Packaging
Compounding
Packaging
Labeling
Only one
prescription
Accuracy,
cleanliness & proper
technique
Quantity to be
dispensed
Good quality paper
& adhesive
Size of label
Information and
special directions
21. Common Latin Rx Terms:
• Some of the common Latin prescription abbreviations include:
• ac (ante cibum) means "before meals"
• bid (bis in die) means "twice a day"
• gt (gutta) means "drop"
• hs (hora somni) means "at bedtime"
• od (oculus dexter) means "right eye"
• os (oculus sinister) means "left eye"
• po (per os) means "by mouth"
• pc (post cibum) means "after meals"
• prn (pro re nata) means "as needed"
• q 3 h (quaque 3 hora) means "every 3 hours"
• qd (quaque die) means "every day"
• qid (quater in die) means "4 times a day"
• Sig (signa) means "write"
• tid (ter in die) means "3 times a day"
23. Abbreviation
Abbreviation presents a problem in understanding parts of
the prescription order.
Extreme care should be taken by a pharmacist in
interpreting the Abbreviation. Pharmacists should not guess at
the meaning of an ambiguous Abbreviation.
Name of the drug
There are certain drugs whose name look or sound like
those of other drugs. Some of the example of such drugs is
as under: - Digitoxin and Digoxin
Strength of the preparation
The strength of the preparation should be stated by
the prescriber. It is essential when various strengths of a
product are available in market
24. Dosage form of drug prescribed
Many medicines are available in more than one dosage
form like as liquid, tablet, capsule, etc.
Dosage Form of the product should be written.
Dose
Unusually high or low doses should be discussed with the
prescriber.
Pediatric dosage may present. So pharmacist should consult
pediatric posology to avoid an error.
Sometime a reasonable dose is administered too frequently
25.
26. Instructions for the patient
The instructions for the patient which are given in the
prescription are incomplete or omitted.
The quantity of the drug to be taken, the frequent and timing
of administration and route of administration should be
clearly given in the prescription so as to avoid any confusion.
Incompatibilities
It is essential to check that there are no pharmaceutical or
therapeutic incompatibilities in a prescribed preparation and
that different medicines prescribed for the same patient do
not interact with each other to produce any harm to patient.
Certain antibiotics should not be given with meals since it
significantly decrease the absorption of the drug.