Modal verbs provide additional meaning to the main verb of a sentence by expressing ideas like ability, permission, obligation, or possibility. The common modal verbs in English are can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must. Modal verbs do not change form or require auxiliary verbs. They are followed by the base form of the main verb. Modal verbs can express single or double meanings depending on context and can also be used in the past tense with "have" to talk about past possibilities, obligations, or abilities.
Before moving to Barcelona, Mary had bought a house there.
After finishing dinner, the children had eaten ice cream.
When Christopher Columbus landed in North America in 1492, millions of Native Americans had been living in North America for thousands of years.
By the time the Wright Brothers flew their first plane on December 17, 1903, Jean-François Pilatre de Rozier had become the world’s first human flier using a balloon in 1753.
After the National Free Bank had made bad investments, they went bankrupt.
The document discusses the use and structure of passive voice in English. It explains that the passive voice is used when the focus is on the action rather than the subject performing the action. It provides examples of changing sentences from active to passive voice and discusses omitting or including the agent. It also covers verbs with two objects, verbs used with prepositions, the passive with reporting verbs, and identifying active vs. passive voice in context.
The document discusses prepositions and prepositional phrases. It defines prepositions as words that show relationships between other words in a sentence, such as direction, place, time, cause, and manner. It also discusses postpositions, circumpositions, and adpositions. Additionally, it covers the properties, types of complements, and functions of prepositions and prepositional phrases, including as heads of phrases, modifiers, complements, adjuncts, adverbials, and particles.
This document provides examples and explanations of common English prepositions related to time, place, and movement. For time prepositions, it lists examples like "in July" and "at 6 o'clock." For place prepositions, examples include "above" and "near." Movement prepositions are shown in sentences such as "Peter ran across the wall." The document also includes exercises asking the reader to identify appropriate prepositions based on maps and sentence contexts.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of verbs including:
- Action verbs that describe physical or mental actions
- Linking verbs that connect subjects to descriptions
- Helping verbs that indicate verb tense
- Infinitives, participles, verb tenses, irregular verbs, and the principal parts of verbs
It explains the forms and usage of regular and irregular verbs.
Modal verbs provide additional meaning to the main verb of a sentence by expressing ideas like ability, permission, obligation, or possibility. The common modal verbs in English are can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must. Modal verbs do not change form or require auxiliary verbs. They are followed by the base form of the main verb. Modal verbs can express single or double meanings depending on context and can also be used in the past tense with "have" to talk about past possibilities, obligations, or abilities.
Before moving to Barcelona, Mary had bought a house there.
After finishing dinner, the children had eaten ice cream.
When Christopher Columbus landed in North America in 1492, millions of Native Americans had been living in North America for thousands of years.
By the time the Wright Brothers flew their first plane on December 17, 1903, Jean-François Pilatre de Rozier had become the world’s first human flier using a balloon in 1753.
After the National Free Bank had made bad investments, they went bankrupt.
The document discusses the use and structure of passive voice in English. It explains that the passive voice is used when the focus is on the action rather than the subject performing the action. It provides examples of changing sentences from active to passive voice and discusses omitting or including the agent. It also covers verbs with two objects, verbs used with prepositions, the passive with reporting verbs, and identifying active vs. passive voice in context.
The document discusses prepositions and prepositional phrases. It defines prepositions as words that show relationships between other words in a sentence, such as direction, place, time, cause, and manner. It also discusses postpositions, circumpositions, and adpositions. Additionally, it covers the properties, types of complements, and functions of prepositions and prepositional phrases, including as heads of phrases, modifiers, complements, adjuncts, adverbials, and particles.
This document provides examples and explanations of common English prepositions related to time, place, and movement. For time prepositions, it lists examples like "in July" and "at 6 o'clock." For place prepositions, examples include "above" and "near." Movement prepositions are shown in sentences such as "Peter ran across the wall." The document also includes exercises asking the reader to identify appropriate prepositions based on maps and sentence contexts.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of verbs including:
- Action verbs that describe physical or mental actions
- Linking verbs that connect subjects to descriptions
- Helping verbs that indicate verb tense
- Infinitives, participles, verb tenses, irregular verbs, and the principal parts of verbs
It explains the forms and usage of regular and irregular verbs.
The document discusses the words somebody, something, and somewhere. It provides definitions and examples for how these words are used when referring to an unknown person, thing, or place. Somebody refers to an unknown person, something refers to an unknown thing, and somewhere refers to an unknown place. Examples are given showing these words used in positive sentences, negative sentences, questions, short answers, and with verbs.
This document discusses second and third conditional sentences, which are known as unreal conditionals. Second conditionals refer to hypothetical situations in the present or future, using the structure "if + past tense, would/could/might + infinitive." Third conditionals refer to hypothetical past situations, using "if + past perfect, would have + past participle." Some examples of second and third conditionals are provided. The document also notes some variations that are possible with pronouns and when mixing tenses. Exercises are included to practice forming second and third conditional sentences.
The document discusses prepositions of place and provides examples of how to use different prepositions of place such as "in", "on", "under", "behind", "next to", "in front of", and "between" in sentences. It asks the reader to write sentences using the correct preposition of place and provides a scoring rubric for the sentences.
The document discusses the differences between using "say" and "tell" in the English language. "Say" is generally used to report what someone has said in a general sense, without specifying who they said it to. "Tell" implies that the speaker specifically informed or instructed someone else. Both "say" and "tell" can be used in reported speech, but "tell" requires an object like "me" or "you" while "say" uses a preposition. The document provides examples of correct and incorrect usage of "say" and "tell" in reported and direct speech.
This document discusses the use of past modal verbs like must, may, might, can't, and couldn't followed by the past participle to speculate or deduce about past actions. It explains that must have is used when you are almost certain something happened, might/may/could have express possible actions, and can't/couldn't have indicate when something was almost surely not possible. Examples are provided to illustrate the use of each modal.
Proper adjectives are formed from proper nouns and are always capitalized. They describe nouns that originate from or are associated with a specific place or nationality. Examples include Greek olives, South American game, North American land, Swiss watch, Mexican rug, Italian cooking, Spanish food, Russian people, Alaskan Highway, German cars, and Japanese watches.
Past perfect tense x past perfect continuousCida Oliveira
This document provides instruction on how to form and use the past perfect tense and past perfect continuous tense in English. It explains that the past perfect tense is formed using "had" plus the past participle of the main verb, and is used to refer to actions completed before something else in the past or to provide reasons for past actions. The past perfect continuous tense is formed using "had been" plus the present participle of the main verb, and is used to refer to actions that started in the past and continued up to another past event or the cause of something in the past. Examples are given for affirmative, negative, and question forms for both tenses.
John woke up late feeling hungover. He got dressed quickly and went to catch the bus. At the bus stop, he had to wait a long time for the bus to arrive. When it finally came, he got on and sat down. He then checked his phone messages, where he saw a text from his friend K. This text reminded him of a secret conversation they had the previous night, where K had asked him not to share something but didn't get to reveal the full details due to an interruption.
The document discusses direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports the general idea without quotation marks. Several rules are provided for changing verbs and other elements like pronouns, adverbs of time and place when changing from direct to indirect speech. Examples are given demonstrating how to apply these rules to change direct quotations into indirect reported speech.
This document discusses prepositions of time and place such as "at", "in", and "on". It provides examples of when to use each preposition for specific times, days, locations, surfaces, and enclosures. Key differences are outlined, such as using "at" for specific clock times and addresses, "in" for nonspecific times and names of land areas, and "on" for specific days and surfaces. Practice questions are provided for readers to apply the rules for using prepositions of time and place correctly.
This document discusses the active and passive voice in English grammar. It provides examples of affirmative, interrogative, and negative forms in both the active and passive voice for present, past, and future tenses. The passive voice constructions involve using some form of "be" plus the past participle of the main verb and identifying the agent with "by".
This document discusses modals of probability in English. It explains the uses of might, could, must, and can't to express varying degrees of probability in the present and past tenses. Specifically, it states that must is used to express near certainty, might expresses possibility, could shows something is possible, and can't denies possibility. Examples are provided for each modal. The document also briefly discusses the verbs look and look like.
Question tags are used in conversations to check agreement or get more information. They are added to statements and questions and can be answered with "yes" or "no". The tense and auxiliary verb used in the question tag matches the main sentence. Question tags with rising intonation indicate uncertainty, while falling intonation implies the speaker expects agreement. They are a tool for keeping dialogues engaged and learning more.
This document provides an overview of the present simple tense and modal verbs in English. It begins with an introduction to the present simple tense and the verb "to be", explaining how it is used for permanent states, habitual actions, descriptions, locations and time. Examples are given for affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences. Modal verbs such as can, could, may and must are then introduced. It explains that modal verbs provide additional meaning to the main verb and do not conjugate or use auxiliary verbs. The proper structures for affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences using modal verbs are outlined.
Stative verbs describe states of being, thoughts, emotions, senses, or possession that are generally timeless and not actions. Some common stative verbs are think, know, understand, believe, have, belong, hate, love, seem, mean, look, sound, smell, feel, and taste. Stative verbs are often used without continuous tenses and describe things that simply are true and generally do not change.
The document provides information about making inferences and drawing conclusions when reading. It discusses how readers can infer deeper meanings that are implied but not directly stated by using clues and hints from the text. It explains that inferences involve going beyond surface details and choosing the most likely explanation or conclusion based on the provided facts. The document also contrasts facts, which can be verified, from opinions, which are subjective judgments that cannot be proven accurate. It provides examples to illustrate how readers can infer meanings of words from context clues like general sense, examples, antonyms, and contrasts.
This document discusses how to summarize reported speech in English. It notes that when reporting speech, pronouns and verb tenses change and time words are altered. For example, "I" becomes "he" and "will" becomes "would". Exceptions exist for speech reported very soon after it was said. The verbs "say" and "tell" are used differently in reported speech. "Tell" requires an object while "say" usually does not. Questions are reported without question words or word order changes when summarized.
This document provides information about adverbs and prepositions. It discusses how adverbs describe verbs by indicating how, when or where an action occurs. It also explains how to compare actions using comparative and superlative adverbs. Prepositions relate nouns or pronouns to other words in a sentence and must be followed by an object. Prepositional phrases add description and can be used in different parts of a sentence. Care must be taken to distinguish adverbs from prepositions and use object pronouns correctly in prepositional phrases.
The document discusses infinitive and -ing verb forms. Infinitives add information to certain verbs, verb-object combinations, adjectives, and expressions. They are used after verbs like want, need, refuse. -ing forms are used as subjects and complements, after prepositions, and to describe continuous actions. Both infinitives and -ing forms are used to provide additional details to sentences.
The document discusses the words somebody, something, and somewhere. It provides definitions and examples for how these words are used when referring to an unknown person, thing, or place. Somebody refers to an unknown person, something refers to an unknown thing, and somewhere refers to an unknown place. Examples are given showing these words used in positive sentences, negative sentences, questions, short answers, and with verbs.
This document discusses second and third conditional sentences, which are known as unreal conditionals. Second conditionals refer to hypothetical situations in the present or future, using the structure "if + past tense, would/could/might + infinitive." Third conditionals refer to hypothetical past situations, using "if + past perfect, would have + past participle." Some examples of second and third conditionals are provided. The document also notes some variations that are possible with pronouns and when mixing tenses. Exercises are included to practice forming second and third conditional sentences.
The document discusses prepositions of place and provides examples of how to use different prepositions of place such as "in", "on", "under", "behind", "next to", "in front of", and "between" in sentences. It asks the reader to write sentences using the correct preposition of place and provides a scoring rubric for the sentences.
The document discusses the differences between using "say" and "tell" in the English language. "Say" is generally used to report what someone has said in a general sense, without specifying who they said it to. "Tell" implies that the speaker specifically informed or instructed someone else. Both "say" and "tell" can be used in reported speech, but "tell" requires an object like "me" or "you" while "say" uses a preposition. The document provides examples of correct and incorrect usage of "say" and "tell" in reported and direct speech.
This document discusses the use of past modal verbs like must, may, might, can't, and couldn't followed by the past participle to speculate or deduce about past actions. It explains that must have is used when you are almost certain something happened, might/may/could have express possible actions, and can't/couldn't have indicate when something was almost surely not possible. Examples are provided to illustrate the use of each modal.
Proper adjectives are formed from proper nouns and are always capitalized. They describe nouns that originate from or are associated with a specific place or nationality. Examples include Greek olives, South American game, North American land, Swiss watch, Mexican rug, Italian cooking, Spanish food, Russian people, Alaskan Highway, German cars, and Japanese watches.
Past perfect tense x past perfect continuousCida Oliveira
This document provides instruction on how to form and use the past perfect tense and past perfect continuous tense in English. It explains that the past perfect tense is formed using "had" plus the past participle of the main verb, and is used to refer to actions completed before something else in the past or to provide reasons for past actions. The past perfect continuous tense is formed using "had been" plus the present participle of the main verb, and is used to refer to actions that started in the past and continued up to another past event or the cause of something in the past. Examples are given for affirmative, negative, and question forms for both tenses.
John woke up late feeling hungover. He got dressed quickly and went to catch the bus. At the bus stop, he had to wait a long time for the bus to arrive. When it finally came, he got on and sat down. He then checked his phone messages, where he saw a text from his friend K. This text reminded him of a secret conversation they had the previous night, where K had asked him not to share something but didn't get to reveal the full details due to an interruption.
The document discusses direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports the general idea without quotation marks. Several rules are provided for changing verbs and other elements like pronouns, adverbs of time and place when changing from direct to indirect speech. Examples are given demonstrating how to apply these rules to change direct quotations into indirect reported speech.
This document discusses prepositions of time and place such as "at", "in", and "on". It provides examples of when to use each preposition for specific times, days, locations, surfaces, and enclosures. Key differences are outlined, such as using "at" for specific clock times and addresses, "in" for nonspecific times and names of land areas, and "on" for specific days and surfaces. Practice questions are provided for readers to apply the rules for using prepositions of time and place correctly.
This document discusses the active and passive voice in English grammar. It provides examples of affirmative, interrogative, and negative forms in both the active and passive voice for present, past, and future tenses. The passive voice constructions involve using some form of "be" plus the past participle of the main verb and identifying the agent with "by".
This document discusses modals of probability in English. It explains the uses of might, could, must, and can't to express varying degrees of probability in the present and past tenses. Specifically, it states that must is used to express near certainty, might expresses possibility, could shows something is possible, and can't denies possibility. Examples are provided for each modal. The document also briefly discusses the verbs look and look like.
Question tags are used in conversations to check agreement or get more information. They are added to statements and questions and can be answered with "yes" or "no". The tense and auxiliary verb used in the question tag matches the main sentence. Question tags with rising intonation indicate uncertainty, while falling intonation implies the speaker expects agreement. They are a tool for keeping dialogues engaged and learning more.
This document provides an overview of the present simple tense and modal verbs in English. It begins with an introduction to the present simple tense and the verb "to be", explaining how it is used for permanent states, habitual actions, descriptions, locations and time. Examples are given for affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences. Modal verbs such as can, could, may and must are then introduced. It explains that modal verbs provide additional meaning to the main verb and do not conjugate or use auxiliary verbs. The proper structures for affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences using modal verbs are outlined.
Stative verbs describe states of being, thoughts, emotions, senses, or possession that are generally timeless and not actions. Some common stative verbs are think, know, understand, believe, have, belong, hate, love, seem, mean, look, sound, smell, feel, and taste. Stative verbs are often used without continuous tenses and describe things that simply are true and generally do not change.
The document provides information about making inferences and drawing conclusions when reading. It discusses how readers can infer deeper meanings that are implied but not directly stated by using clues and hints from the text. It explains that inferences involve going beyond surface details and choosing the most likely explanation or conclusion based on the provided facts. The document also contrasts facts, which can be verified, from opinions, which are subjective judgments that cannot be proven accurate. It provides examples to illustrate how readers can infer meanings of words from context clues like general sense, examples, antonyms, and contrasts.
This document discusses how to summarize reported speech in English. It notes that when reporting speech, pronouns and verb tenses change and time words are altered. For example, "I" becomes "he" and "will" becomes "would". Exceptions exist for speech reported very soon after it was said. The verbs "say" and "tell" are used differently in reported speech. "Tell" requires an object while "say" usually does not. Questions are reported without question words or word order changes when summarized.
This document provides information about adverbs and prepositions. It discusses how adverbs describe verbs by indicating how, when or where an action occurs. It also explains how to compare actions using comparative and superlative adverbs. Prepositions relate nouns or pronouns to other words in a sentence and must be followed by an object. Prepositional phrases add description and can be used in different parts of a sentence. Care must be taken to distinguish adverbs from prepositions and use object pronouns correctly in prepositional phrases.
The document discusses infinitive and -ing verb forms. Infinitives add information to certain verbs, verb-object combinations, adjectives, and expressions. They are used after verbs like want, need, refuse. -ing forms are used as subjects and complements, after prepositions, and to describe continuous actions. Both infinitives and -ing forms are used to provide additional details to sentences.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.