research

1. Preparing the Research
Paper

2. Research paper
 Also known as a term paper or a research report , the research paper is a
piece of academic writing that asks students to locate information about a
topic, take a stand on that topic and provide support for that stand. Much
more format than a personal essay, writing a research paper takes a student
through the following steps:
 1. Choosing and Limiting a Topic
 2. Finding and Selecting Voyages
 3. Organizing and Documenting Information

3. continuation
4. Preparing an Outline
5. Writing the Introduction
6. Writing the Body
7. Writing the Conclusion
8. Finalizing the Documentation of Sources

4. Research terms
 1. paraphrase To restate or reword information-
 2. plagiarism - Using someone else’s words or ideas without giving proper
credit
 3. periodicals – a publication published with a fixed interval such as daily,
weekly, monthly or yearly.
 4. source – list of all sources cited in the paper
 5. in-text citation - to identify the source of information
 6. cite – a brief citation of the source placed within the body of the paper
 7. bibliography - a book , article , person , magazine , website or
encyclopedia that provides information for a research paper

5. 8. quote –to repeat a source word –for - word
9. summarize - to provide a shorter , more condensed version of
the original
10. outline a list of topics of main ideas that shows the structure
of the research paper

6. The Social Philosophy of Jose Rizal
A Research paper
Rizal wrote the novels for the noble purpose of
redeeming his people from their miserable
conditions. His main purposes were to expose
the social malady affecting the country, and to
awaken and develop the national consciousness
of the people
The Noli Me Tangere (Social Cancer) and the El
Filibusterismo boldly exposed and criticized
Philippine sociallife during the 19th century. The
novels exposed the symptoms of the cancer that
were eroding Philippine society; the abuses of
the friars and the civil guards.

7. CHAPTER I: RIZAL’S BIRTH AND HIS
SCHOOLING IN BINAN
 On June 19, 1861, Francisco Rizal Mercado and Teodora Alonzo y Quintos
welcomed their seventh child into the world at Calamba, Laguna. They named the
boy Jose Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda. Rizal then grew up in an
environment conducive for learning and proper upbringing.
 The Mercado family was wealthy farmers who rented land from the Dominican
religious order. Descendants of a Chinese immigrant named Domingo Lam-co, they
changed their name to Mercado (“market”) under the pressure of anti-Chinese
feeling amongst the Spanish colonizers.
 Dr. Jose Rizal from his humble origin to his studies at his native land Laguna is a
boy of creativity, passion for knowledge, education, and religion.

8.  His first teacher, his mother together with his uncles,
and brother first molded him to become the person he
is known today.
 With his father, Rizal made a pilgrimage to Antipolo to
fulfill the vow made by his mother to take the child to
the Shrine of the Virgin of Antipolo should she and her
child survive the ordeal of delivery which nearly caused
his mother’s life.
 From there they proceeded to Manila and visited his
sister Saturnina who was at the time studying in the La
Concordia College in Sta. Ana.

9.  At the age 8, he wrote a Tagalog poem, “Sa Aking Mga Kabata,” the theme of
which revolves on the love of one’s language.
 But Rizal grew up to be religious, prayerful, and god-fearing.His
love for arts and literature also started sparks in his childhood.
 He learned to express himself in the medium of poetry and arts at an early
age and developed this gift subsequently, proof of this is the Mi Primera
Inspiracion, a poem that shows his love for his mother.
 Rizal at an early age saw the injustices through the malevolent case against
his mother and the execution of the three famous martyr father Gomez,
Burgos, and Zamora collectively known as GOMBURZA.

10. Gg GOMBURZA
At this stage of Rizal’s life, Rizal acquired his
inspirations: his love for country, God, family,
justice, freedom, education and language. These
were the foundations in his childhood that
strengthened him and guided him

11. CHAPTER II: RIZAL IN ATENEO
 On June 10, 1872, Jose together with his brother went
to Manila to grant his wish of enrolling Jose in San
Juan de Letran. Jose Rizal took the entrance
examination and passed them with flying colors, then
he went back to Calamba to stay for a while with his
family and attend their town fiesta only to find out that
his father’s wish changed instead of enrolling him to
San Juan de Letran he wished to enroll him to Ateneo
de Manila.

12.  Thus, being an obedient child, upon his return to Manila
accompanied again by his brother Paciano, they proceeded to
Ateneo Municipal. At first Father Magin Fernando, who was the
college registrar, denied them of admittance for two reasons:
1.) he was late for registration and
2.) he was sickly and undersize for his age. Jose Rizal was then
eleven years old. However, they sought the intercession of Manual
Xerez Burgos, nephew of Father Burgos. As a result, he was
reluctantly admitted at the Ateneo.

13.  Ateneo Municipal home to the Jesuits priests which was considered the
best educators in Spain proved their worth in providing the best
education system for both Filipinos and Spaniards.
 In Ateneo, every student is treated equally. Everyone is playing on the
equal field.
 Jose Rizal belonged to the class composed of Spaniards, mestizos and
Filipinos. His first teacher was Fr. Jose Bech. As a newcomer and knowing
little Spanish, he was considered as inferior and placed at the bottom of
the class. He was an externo hence he was assigned to the Carthaginians,
an occupant of the end of the line.
 Classes are divided into two sectors: the group representing the Roman
Empire and Carthaginian Empire based on the students residency.

14.  In the two empires student are classified into five: Emperor,
Tribune, Decurion, Centurion, and Standard Bearer.
 Having these divisions and competition in class, Rizal was more
inspired to achieve and excel to represent the might of the Filipino
race.
 He proved he was no inferior for at the end of the month he became
the emperor and received a prize, a religious picture.

15.  He exerted more effort to learn ahead and he then took the extra effort to
stand out and maintain the academic supremacy.
 To improve his Spanish, Jose Rizal took private lesson in Santa Isabel
College during the noon recess while students were playing and doing
leisure activities.
 He placed second at the end of the year although his grades were marked
excellent. According to Ambeth Ocampo there were only twelve students
in a class, nine of which, including Jose Rizal, graduated sobresaliente
with the same excellent mark in all their subjects in school year 1876-77.
 He studied harder this year and regained his leadership composure and
became an emperor again.

16. On June 16, 1875, he became a boarder in Ateneo. He
befriended his professor Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez,
whom he regarded as great educator and scholar. He
inspired him to write poetry and to study harder. Fr.
Sanchez recognized his God-given talents. Because of the
inspiration and recognition given, he regarded the Jesuit
professor as “model of uprightness, earnestness, and
love” for the advancement of his students.

17.  The Jesuits didn’t fail to impress Jose Rizal and evoke him to venerate the
Spanish culture and Catholicism.
 Consequently, he resumed his studies with vigor and dedication and topped all his
classmates in all subjects and won five medals at the end of the school term.
 Rizal was captivated and astonished of the Spanish culture and believes that
the Spanish way of life is supreme, and every Filipino must strive to be of the kind.
 He now believes that Filipinos must study, hone skills and abilities, and
exhibit the Spanish culture to be successful.
 Jose Rizal Mercado graduated at the age of 16 with highest honors. He took a post-
graduate course there in land surveying.
 Rizal Mercado completed his surveyor’s training in 1877, and passed the licensing
exam in May 1878, but could not receive a license to practice because he was only 17
years old. (He was granted a license in 1881, when he reached the age of majority.)

18. CHAPTER III: RIZAL IN UST
 After finishing his studies at Ateneo Municipal with flying colors, Rizal
prepared to pursue further studies on Medicine at the University of Sto.
Thomas, which were ran by Dominican priests.
 In Ateneo, Rizal was treated as an equal by the Jesuits, no discrimination nor
racism. In the University of Sto. Thomas However, Rizal experienced first
hand the racism and discrimination from the hands of the Dominican priests
and his fellow classmates. Proof of this is Rizal’s statement that: “The Lyceum
held another poetry contest for Filipinos, Mestizos, and Spaniards. The competitors
entered with assumed names. The first prize was awarded to a beautiful allegory
called “The Council of the Gods”. But when the Spanish judges learned that its
author was a Filipino they reversed the decision, an experience which cut very deep
into José’s soul.” -Laubach, F. (1909). Rizal: Man and Martyr. Community
Publishers.

19.  It was also during this time that Rizal wrote A La Juventud Filipina, a poem for
his fellow Filipino youth. He expressed here his views that Filipinos are not
inferior to any race especially to the Spaniards, and that they should hone their
skills and talents, for God, for the Philippines and for Spain.
 Rizal also revealed the flaws in the educational system of the Dominicans, for
instance, the would not let the students use the laboratory equipments unless
there are important visitors in the institution. The Professors were hostile and
their method of teaching in a repressive manner was obsolete.

20.  Rizal accused the Dominicans of having a unilateral grading scheme that if
one is a Filipino, he/she will receive a lower grade. Through these
experiences it is inevitable that Rizal would become one who is against the
friars.
 At this stage of Rizal’s life, Rizal started to become an anti-friar.
Rizal’s experienced injustices made him think ill of the friars.
Due to Rizal’s “race jealousy” caused by the friar’s favoritism
towards Spanish students, Rizal was more than ever intent to
prove that Filipinos are equal or even greater than any foreign
race.

21. CHAPTER IV: RIZAL’S FIRST
VOYAGE IN EUROPE
 Rizal traveled to different parts of Europe, namely, Berlin and Madrid.
When Rizal set foot on those countries he was amazed by the liberty,
equality and freedom that the residents of those countries were
experiencing. People had the right to speak their minds and express
themselves without any restrictions from the Church or Government. Rizal
was able to compare the state of his own country to the state of the countries
he had been to, and he noted the significant difference between the
Philippines from Madrid and Berlin, specifically differences regarding rights
and freedom of speech.

22.  In Madrid, Rizal became a pioneer member of the Kilusang Repormista, alongside Marcelo
del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Juan and Antonio Luna and
amongst other Filipinos. These gentlemen originating from different provinces and cities where
friar abuse were rampant, joined together and came to a resolve to ask for reforms to alleviate
the condition of the Philippines and to weaken the hold of the friars.
 Rizal also joined the Masonic Order, an organization composed of numerous liberal minded
men. These people were against oppression and the restriction of various human rights, and
like Rizal, the members of the Masonic Order are in approval of proposing for reforms for the
Philippines. It was also in this Order that Rizal relinquished his Catholic Faith.
 In Germany, he met the pastor Karl Urllmer, and the ophthalmologist Dr. Luis de Wecker. Both
Germans became friends of Rizal. Rizal was very content when he stayed in Germany, since he
noted the Germans’ good qualities of industriousness and liberalism.

23.  The Noli Me Tangere is Rizal’s first novel, in this novel, he stated his idea that reforms are greater than
any revolution, expressed by the immense character of Ibarra overshadowing that of Elias’. Rizal also
expressed in this novel his anti-friar sentiments and reasoned through many passages in the novel that
they are a hindrance to progress. The Noli Me Tangere is also a window through which people can have
a glimpse of Filipino society under the Spaniards, and it is very accurate. The characters are
representatives of people living in the Philippines in the Spanish Era.
 At this stage of Rizal’s life, Rizal with Del Pilar and other Filipinos, resolved that what he
began to believe in UST was true that the friars indeed are the ones oppressing the
Filipino people, that it is true that the Friars are the obstacle to progress, prosperity and
freedom. Rizal had high hopes for his plans of reform, and abhorred the thought of any
revolution. Rizal believed that reforms, once the friars have been weakened, will be
undertaken by the Spanish Government.

24. CHAPTER V: RIZAL’S FIRST
RETURN TO THE PHILIPPINES
 All Filipinos exhibit a sense of longingness for their own
respective families when they are travelling abroad for
whatever purpose. Rizal was no different, he longed for his
mother, his father, his brother, and his relatives. When Rizal
was abroad, in Madrid, in Berlin, he was constantly thinking
about home. He longed for his beloved Philippines, because
he was very lonely and is also worried about the condition of
his relatives back home.

25.  Proof of his worrying about his relatives is expressed in a letter to
his family written on June 1886, where in Rizal states that: “It
seems to me that I’m causing you too many expenses and I want to
help the family in all that I can. I am tired of Europe”. Rizal was
also homesick, and while he was strolling the parks of Heidelberg,
he confided in his journal: “In two days I shall perhaps leave this
cheerful city and go anew to distant lands in search of I know not
what.

26.  Always roving and wandering alone, leaving friendships when they
had scarcely been made, parting, nevermore to meet again, from so
many people I cherished… Ah, now I sigh for my distant country… I
have loved but I have smothered my heart’s desires, I have overruled
them. If life goes on like this, my heart will end by dying.” Rizal’s
friends and relatives back in Manila and Calamba warned Rizal not to
go back to the Philippines for fear of his safety, one friend even told
Rizal to become a citizen of Germany for him not to get arrested once
complications arise. But Rizal’s attachment to the Philippines was
great, and it overruled any other precaution. Rizal finally went back to
the Philippines, and set foot once again in his beloved homeland in
1887.

27.  Rizal by now is very popular in the Philippines for his book, Noli Me
Tangere, – his friends and family wanted to praise him for it, and on the
other hand, the friars were raging about Rizal and the statements he
expressed in his novel.
 He first visited Manila, where he met the Governor General Emilio Terrero,
and they had a dialogue regarding Rizal’s novel, Rizal promised to give him
a copy. It is unfortunate that this Governor General will fail Rizal in his
hour of need, which will be expressed later.

28.  Rizal then went to Calamba to finally visit his relatives
and family, where he noted their concerns about the
Dominican friars. The main problem was that the
Dominican friars have been increasing the cost of their
rents without much regard to the well-being of the
people of Calamba. The Dominican friars weren’t also
issuing receipts as proof of the land tenant’s payment.
For all these problems, Rizal was the man whom the
inhabitants of Calamba could look up to.

29.  Rizal, who was putting into practice his beliefs contained in Noli
Me Tangere, beliefs about idealism and reform as well as hope for
the Spanish government to give aid to the Philippines, filed two
reports for the Spanish government to consider, as a response to the
investigation with which the Spanish government had made regarding the
taxation made by the Dominican friars. The reports contained information on
the problems of the Calambenos, regarding the taxation of the friars, but the
abuses were not showed, only the taxation measures which were deemed
faulty. Unfortunately, the reports were not heard and were mostly ignored by
the acting governor general at that time, Emilio Terrero. The second report
was filed when the first one failed. This report now contained the abuses and
retaliations of the friars done against the Calambenos because of the first
report.

30. Unfortunately, even the second report was left ignored by the governor general.
Rizal’s disappointment and lack of faith for reform by the Spanish government for
the Philippines started because of this incident. The Calambenos were left to
continually suffer the retaliations of the Friars for even reporting their troubles, and
the Calambenos were getting evicted from their homes.
It was evident during this time that the Spanish government did not care
about the well-being of the Indios, and Rizal was deeply affected by it.

31. CHAPTER VI: RIZAL’S SECOND
VOYAGE TO EUROPE
 Rizal’s hope for reforms faded when he went back in the
Philippines. Now, most of Rizal’s relatives wanted to
send him again abroad for his safety as well as their own
since the friars have been continually complaining about
Rizal’s actions. Also, even the archbishop participated in
the complaints, signaling that Rizal’s well being is at risk
and he might be deported in some island, or thrown into
a dark cold dungeon. Fortunately, Taviel de Andrade,
Rizal’s friend, was there to help him.

32.  Rizal said his farewells to his family and
friends at the year 1888, where he
departed for Europe once again. Along the
route to Europe, he stopped by at Japan to
live at the Spanish Legation. There, he me
 O Sei San, a Japanese woman whom he
had expressed his interest.
 But Rizal was headed for Europe, and so
he said sayonara to his Japanese lover.

33.  Another stop along the way to Europe was
America, the land of opportunity, where he
noted its characteristics, “raw, grasping, and
restless with growing pains”. America could
not give Rizal any form of inspiration or
leisure. He once again departed, now aboard
the ship City of Rome, headed directly to
London, in Europe.
 In London, he stayed with an English family.
There he met Gertrude Beckett, yet
another woman who grew fond of Rizal.

34.  Rizal’s primary goal in London was to write an annotated version of
Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, inorder to prove to the
Spaniards, that the Filipinos, even before the Spaniards came, have
a rich, and vibrant civilization, full of intelligent people. It was
meant to boost the Filipinos’ pride, to set themselves apart from
their Spaniard conquerors. It was also meant as an attack on
Spanish beliefs regarding ancient Filipinos, who were thought of as
savages and cavemen. The events depicted in Rizal’s annotated
history, full of abuses by the Spanish conquistadores, was meant to
remind the Filipinos, who were the target readers of his book, that
they are the descendants of the victims of harsh colonialism.

35.  After Rizal finished his annotated history of
the Philippines, a new organization formed,
the La Solidaridad, founded by Mr. Graciano
Lopez Jaena.
 In the La Solidaridad, Rizal found his medium for
expressing his hatred to the friars and the
Spanish government in the Philippines. He wrote
the The Indolence of the Filipinos, expressing that
the Indios had, at one time, a rich civilization with
various international relations, rich culture and
diverse knowledge of crafts. He once again noted
that the indolence of the Filipinos were
caused by Spanish colonialism, mainly due
to the abuses of the encomenderos.

36. Another article by Rizal, To The Young Women of
Malolos, is also written for the La Solidaridad. In this
article Rizal expresses his thoughts regarding Filipino
women, that they should not always be under the beck and
call of the friars, and that they should inculcate to their
sons the notions of national pride and courage.
The last of the three well known articles in the La
Solidaridad is the Philippines a Century Hence, where in
Rizal tried to predict the future of the Philippines. He
noted that eventually, the Philippines would separate
itself from Spain, an event that will become
inevitable if the Philippines were not assimilated
and made as a Spanish province.

37.  While Rizal was in Europe, the attacks of the Friars intensified, more and more
Filipinos were evicted from their homes in Calamba. The Rizal family also lost their case
in the Supreme Court and they were evicted from their homes. Rizal by now felt great
hatred towards Spain, and independence seemed to be the only option.
 The foremost work of Rizal in his second voyage of Europe is his highly controversial
novel, El Filibusterismo. He had been working on this sequel of Noli Me Tangere after
its publication, and after the troubles that he experienced regarding the leadership of
Filipino expatriates, he devoted more time to writing and revising the El Fili. Rizal had
gone through many difficulties in its publication, but still he was determined to see it
finished. To Rizal’s relief, his friend Valentin Ventura, helped him with funds to
continue the printing of the novel.

38.  In the El Fili, he attacked not only the Spanish friars, but the Spanish
government officials as well. The characters depicted are bitter, the farmer
Kabesang Tales evolved into a revolutionary, and the protagonist, Ibarra, has
transformed into Simoun, the anarchist/revolutionist, who aimed for the
independence of the Philippines through bloody violence and killing. Proof of
Rizal’s intent to separate the Philippines from Spain is written in this passage
of El Filibusterismo: “If they refuse to teach you their language, then cultivate
your own, make it more widely known, keep alive our native culture for our
people and , instread of aspiring to be a mere province, aspire to be a nation
, develop an independent, not a colonial mentaility so that in neither
rights nor customs nor language the Spaniard may ever feel at home
here, or ever be looked upon by your people as a fellow citizen, but
rather always, as an invader, a foreigner, and sooner or later you shall

39. At this stage of Rizal life, he was sure that for the Philippines to
prosper and gain relief, the Philippines must endeavour to
separate itself from Spain. The articles that he wrote for the La
Solidaridad, his literary works, and his second novel were all
aimed towards the uplifting of Filipino nationalism and the
awakening of ideals that are deemed to be against colonialism
and foreign domination. Rizal, at this stage of his life, now
holds the title of a revolutionary, and he will not not shrink
from the idea of independence, unlike before.

40. CHAPTER VII: THE LA LIGA
FILIPINA AND RIZAL’S EXILE
 Before Rizal left Hong Kong for Manila, on June 20, 1892,
Rizal wrote 2 letters; one for his relatives and one for his
country. He left both letters to his friend Dr. Lorenzo
Marques of Macao and asked that those letters be
published after his death.

41.  The two letters spoke of his love for his family and for the Philippines, that his
death was a way to liberate them from their miseries. His family will be liberated
from the burden that his actions have put upon them. And that his country will be
liberated from the oppressors that have stayed in his country for much too long.
Though every part of the letter was striking, perhaps the summarizing parts were
placed on the last lines: “If fortune should go against me, they will all know that I
die happy, thinking that with my death I have secured for them the end of all their
misery. They will then be able to return to our country and be happy in it.” “Until
the last instant of my life I will be thinking of you and will be hoping that you may
have all good fortune and happiness.” This was taken from his letter to his relatives.
“I have always loved my poor motherland, and am sure I shall love her to the last
moment, even though perhaps men are unjust to me; and my future, my life, my
joys, all have been sacrificed for my love of her. Whatever my fate may be, I shall
die blessing her and longing for the dawn of her redemption.” Through his actions
and these letters Rizal showed that he is now a revolutionist, a revolutionist that is
ready to die for his county, a revolutionist that acts primarily with his mind
and not with his heart, a revolutionist Jose Rizal indeed

42.  Rizal, in his novel El Filibusterismo, expressed his views on how the Revolution should
take place, in the immortal words of Padre Florentino: “I do not mean to say, that our
freedom must be won at the point of the sword, the sword now counts for very little in
the destinies of our times, but I do say that we must win our freedom by deserving it, by
improving the mind and enhancing the dignity of the individual, loving what is just,
what is good, what is great to the point of dying for it. When a people reach these
heights, God provides the weapon, and the tyrants will fall… What is the use of
independence if slaves today will be the tyrants of tomorrow.” In this passage, Rizal
stresses the importance of enlightenment and education before undertaking
independence from Spain. The revolutionaries, as Rizal as stated, must have a clear goal
that encompasses future generations, and this goal must be the thrust of the revolution.
A revolution out of spite and anger will not be successful, and even if it succeeds, “the
slaves of today will be the tyrants of tomorrow.

43.  Rizal set foot in Manila in the 26th of June, 1892, he was accompanied by
his sister Lucia. Rizal and Lucia went to the customs house, after which
they settled down for a while in the Hotel de Oriente.
 Rizal met with his contemporaries in Doroteo Ongjunco’s house to discuss
the Liga Filipina. It’s interesting to note that Andres Bonifacio, another
esteemed hero of the Philippines, attended the Liga Filipina. It was also
believed that Andres Bonifacio is a great admirer of Rizal. In D. Ongjunco’s
house, Rizal discussed the statutes of the La Liga Filipina, and he was met
with applause and favoured by the Filipinos who heard his speech.

44.  Sometime after Rizal conducted his meeting for the Liga Filipina, Rizal was arrested
for possession of subversive documents. The documents were found in Rizal’s sister
Lucia’s luggage, but nevertheless, the papers were attributed to him. The authorities
then planned to exile Rizal in Dapitan, an island in the northernmost parts of
Mindanao.
 Rizal reached Dapitan on July 1892, as a prisoner, he found it a sleepy town and he
wanted to wake it up, with the help of his friend Father Sanchez.
 In Dapitan, Rizal wanted to practice the statutes of La Liga Filipina; a
group that he formed. The statutes stated that: Union of the archipelago
into a compact, vigorous, homogenous body. mutual protection in every
need, defence against all violence and injustice, development of education,
agriculture and commerce, study and application of reforms. He especially
wanted to practice in Dapitan, the 4th and 5th statutes of La Liga Filipina. In one of
his letters to Father Pastells he said: “I want to do all I can for this town.” Rizal
established a school, waterworks, even street lamps, all for the improvement of
Dapitan and to apply what he has been preaching in his La Liga Filipina.

45.  And as a last note to Dr. Pio Valenzuela, he told him that if the
Revolution cannot be stopped, the Katipuneros should fulfill
requirements first. The first step is to make Antonio Luna the
leader of the Revolution; Rizal chose Luna because Luna
possessed military experience. Rizal saw Luna as a very suitable
man to lead a revolution. The next step is to get the support of
the upper echelons of the society. They should use the money of
the rich to supply them with food, medicine and weaponry. And
the revolutionists did not have any weapons for that matter; it
will be suicidal to go on a war without firearms.

46.  At this stage of his life, Rizal believes that the Filipinos,
in order to achieve Independence from Spain, must
ready themselves through education, agriculture,
commerce and reforms. Rizal’s goals were reflected in
the constitution of the Liga Filipina. Rizal despised the
idea of undertaking a revolution if it was destined to be
a failure, and he even stated requirements before a
revolution is to be undertaken. In this stage of his life,
Rizal also sought to test his ideologies in Dapitan, and
he succeeded in the process.Rizal gave improvement
upon Dapitan and in doing so, won the hearts of many
as well as his Spanish Jailor.

47. CHAPTER VIII: RIZAL’S DEATH
 Blumentritt wrote Rizal a letter informing him of an epidemic in Cuba,in 1896.
Rizal then wanted to go to Cuba and requested for it to the Governor General
which was then held by Ramon Blanco. It may seem that Rizal is helping the
Spanish government in their war against its colonized nations but there was a
hidden agenda on why Rizal wanted to be a volunteer doctor in Cuba.
 Rizal wanted to learn from the revolution in Cuba of techniques and
strategies on how to win a war. Since he will be sent to the field, he will
learn of Spanish war tactics first hand while still practicing his craft. He wanted
to know such things to be able to be of help to a Philippine Revolution. He
wanted to learn every bit of detail that he can get in order for the Philippines to
be ready for war.Unfortunately, Rizal was caught before going to Cuba becuase
he was implicated in the Philippine Revolution led by Andres Bonifacio.

48.  Rizal was pointed to as the leader of the Revolution because his pictures are
present during meetings of the Katipuneros. To elaborate more, Katipuneros
wore bags in their heads to avoid identification, this was a way to protect the
members of the organization if in any case one gets caught. Even Andres
Bonifacio was not known as the leader. They used the triangle system when
recruiting members; a member can only recruit 2 members, and the 2 should
not know each other. This was a way to again protect the Katipuneros from
getting caught. Another pre-caution of the Katipuneros was to use passwords
when gathering meetings, they used Rizal’s pen names. These pre-cautions
though led to the pointing of Rizal as the leader of the Revolution. The masses
who got caught by Spanish soldiers; who did not know who the true leader was,
pointed Rizal because his picture was present in every meeting and they use his
pen names as passwords. This ‘false’ evidences and accusations led to the
captivity of Rizal and imprisonment in Fort Santiago.

49.  During Rizal’s trial he was still a man ready to die but refused to acknowledge
what he does not have done anything into. In his “additions to my defense” he said
that: “Regarding the rebellion. From July 6th, 1892, I had absolutely no
connection with politics until July 1st of this year when, advised by Don Pio
Valenzuela that an uprising was proposed, I counseled against it, trying to
convince him with arguments “
 Rizal believed in a fair trial and that the Philippines will be free nonetheless. The
Philippines should pursue to separate itself from Spain but only at the right time.
In his “Manifesto to certain Filipinos” he noted that: “I have always wanted
democratic rights for the Philippines and I have always expressed myself in this
sense, thus I have also believed that little by little, autonomy would be achieved,
and then independence in the course of time is true..With a prosperous and
educated people, democratic rights would not be long in coming, That these things
may pave the way for a revolution, I do not deny.”

50.  In his “Mi Ultimo Adios” he was firm in his stand to die for the sake of the
country, and in it he said:
 “Others are giving their lives on battlefields, without regrets or doubts; (it is not
too late to join them), gibbet, or open field, combat or cruel sacrifice, place
matters not, nor does it matter if the end by victory, defeat, or
martyrdom…Farewell, dear Fatherland, clime of the sun caress’d Pearl of the
Orient seas, our Eden lost!, Gladly now I go to give thee this faded life’s best,
And were it brighter, fresher, or more blest Still would I give it thee, nor count
the cost… To die for thy sake, that thou mayst aspire; And sleep in thy bosom
eternity’s long night. “
 He was shot December 30, 1896 in Bagumbayan Field.

51. Muchas Gracias !!!!