Rizal higher education

1. Rizal’s Life: Higher
Education
BY: GROUP 1

2. Learning Objecetives:
• Analyze the educational institutions attended by José Rizal, including
the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, Sta. Isabel College, University of
Santo Tomas
• Understand the curriculum and academic environment of the
educational institutions Rizal attended during the late 19th century
• Investigate Rizal's experiences of discrimination and prejudice in the
educational institutions he attended, and how these experiences
influenced his advocacy for social reform.

3. ATENEO DE MANILA
Rizal took first the entrance examination
at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran on
June 10, 1872.The exams for incoming
freshmen in the different colleges for boys
were administered or held at the Colegio
de San Juan de Letran since the
Dominicans exer-cised the power of
inspection and regula-tion over Ateneo
that time.Father Magin Ferrand, who was
then the College Registrar, refused Rizal’s
admission in the institution for two
reasons: first, Rizal was a late registrant
and second, he was very pale, thin and
undersized for an 11-year old.

4. ATENEO DE MANILA
• Jose was not able to use Mercado as his
surname when he enrolled at Ateneo.
• Ateneo was offering a six-year program that
gives students the academic title of Bachiller
en Artes. This program exposed students to
five subjects: Christian doctrine; Languages
of Spanish, Latin, Greek and French; History
and Geography,Mathematics and Sciences,
and the Classic disciplines.
• Rizal was able to pass his oral examination
on March 14,1877. He finished with the
degree, Bachiller en Artes, with the highest
academic honors.

5. STA. ISABEL COLLEGE
Rizal took private lessons in Santa
Isabel College to be proficient in
Spanish and develop his skills in
poetry writing more. But before he
took up lessons, he was guided by
Father Francisco Paula de Sanchez
in developing his skills in poetry.
Through his poetry he was able to
finish poems about religion,
education, and childhood
experiences.

6. LITERATURE FOR RIZAL
• THE FIRST POEM THAT RIZAL WROTE AS A
STUDENT WAS ENTITLED MI PRIMERA
INSPIRACION (MY FIRST INSPIRATION)
• WRITTEN IN 1876. WHEN HE WAS A STUDENT
AT ATENEO, HE WROTE ANOTHER POEM
ENTITLED UN RECUERDO DE MI PUEBLO (IN
MEMORY OF MY TOWN)

7. UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
After completion of Bachiller en Artes
at Ateneo, Rizal was admitted to higher
studies at a university. Doña Teodora
was against Rizal's decision to pursue a
higher education because of her fear of
what might happen to her son due to
the martyrdom of Gomburza. Don
Francisco sent Rizal to UST, the
Dominican University of the
Philippines. Rizal was 16 years old when
he began his freshman year at UST.

8. UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
• He enrolled under the Faculty of
Philosophy and Letters, Major in
Philosophy.
• Then it turned out that he took up
courses in Cosmology, Metaphysics,
Theodicy and History of Philosophy. He
also took up surveying course at Ateneo.
Rizal was presented the title on
November 25, 1881 for his excellency.
• After his first year, Rizal changed his
course from Philosophy and Letters to
Medicine.

9. ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AT UST
Rizal's performance in UST was not as good as his
accomplishment in Ateneo, where he excelled in
all his subjects.
Three contributing factors explain this:
• The attitude of Dominican professors towards
Rizal;
• there was racial discrimination against Filipino
students;
• and he was disgusted at the primitive method
used in UST.
It was manifested in Rizal's scholastic records that
he was not into a medical course. Most of his
grades in his medical subjects were generally
average, his real vocation was really in the arts.

10. LIBERALISM AND LITERARY WORKS AS A
UNIVERSITY STUDENT
Liberal ideas were significantly introduced
in Manila owing to the culmination of the
Spanish Civil Wars, opening of Suez Canal
and the availability of the Philippines to
world trade. Filipino students were heavily
influenced by the entry of these ideas and
were exposed to the significant revolutions
of 19th century in the country such as:
revolution against monasticism; human
reason against the comforting certitudes
of the catechism; and race and nation
against inequality and subjection.

11. LIBERALISM AND LITERARY WORKS AS
A UNIVERSITY STUDENT
To support the production of literary works
in Manila, the Liceo Artistico Literario de
Manila, an organization of art lovers in the
city, initiated regular competitions in
literary writing. Rizal joined the contests to
prove that the Filipinos can be equal and
even surpass the Spaniards in literary
prowess. Sponsored by the association in
1879 and 1880, his works, A La Juventud
Filipina (To The Filipino Youth) and El
Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of the
Gods) were recognized as the best entry in
the competition.

12. A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINA
Is a literary work considered as one of the
best work of Rizal written when he was 18
years old. - was considered as a great work
in philippine literature for the following
reasons:
• one, the spanish authorities noticed that
it was the first poem in spanish written
by a filipino;
• two, it showed that the filipinos were the
fair hope of the motherland- a
nationalistic concept that portrayed
Rizal's love for the country.

13. A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINA
Rizal- was the first filipino to call the
country his motherland. He also pointed
out in his poem the role of the youth in
nation-building. He challenges the
youth of his day to practice three things:
• to enhance their talents in the arts
• to develop their knowledge of the
sciences
• and to not afraid of the future and
remove the chain of bondage.

14. EL CONSEJO DE LOS DIOS
This is one of Rizal’s entry in the
literary contest of 1880. The poem
was announced as the best entry in
the competition that year. Even
though Rizal did not receive the
best award, he had proven that
Filipinos can compete with other
races in a fair play irrespective of the
superiority of the Spaniards.

15. JUNTO AL PASIG
At the request of the
Jesuits, Rizal wrote a
one-act play and was
staged at Ateneo in
celebration of the Feast
Day of Immaculate
Conception on
December 8.

16. A FILIPINAS
this poem written by
Rizal in february 1880, is
dedicated to the
Philippines that aimed
at encouraging Filipino
artists to thank the
country through their
art works

17. ACTIVISM AT UST
Rizal stood as a leader in student activism
when he was studying philosophy and
medicine in UST. The Spanish and mestizo
students called the Filipinos indio or chongo.
In return, Rizal and his peers retaliated by
calling them Kastila or bangus.
Rizal, being the front-runner, was recognized
for winning the brawls because of his
determination and skills in fencing and
wrestling. Rizal then created a secret group of
Filipino students called "Compañerismo." The
members were called Companions of Jehu,
the patriot general of the Jews.

18. ACTIVISM AT UST
Rizal's activism was also expressed in
his disapproval of the faulty and
outmoded system of education in the
university during his time. He
condemned the humiliation of brown
Filipino students, who were most of
the time insulted by their Dominican
mentors.
Favouritism and skin color were bases
for getting the good grades and not
the actual intellectual capacity of the
students.

19. EXPERIENCING SPANISH BRUTALITY
Rizal first experienced
Spanish brutality
during his first summer
vacation at Calamba
after his freshman year
in UST.

20. THANK YOU