This document discusses different types of distillation processes. Distillation is defined as the preferential separation of components in a mixture based on differences in boiling points. There are several types of distillation including simple distillation, flash distillation, steam distillation, vacuum distillation, azeotropic distillation, and extractive distillation. Each type is suited for different applications depending on factors like boiling point differences, heat sensitivity of materials, and the ability to form azeotropes.

1. DISTILLATION & ITS TYPES
BY:- PRAJWAL DESAI
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF PROF. S.T. PATIL

2. WHAT IS DISTILLATION?
• It is a direct mass transfer operation.
• Defined as preferential separation
of MVC from the mixture.
• Based on difference in boiling point.
• Driving force is relative volatility. ( )

3. WHY MASS TRANSFER NOT HEAT TRANSFER?
• For HT , Driving force is difference in temp. (ΔT)
• For Distillation , Driving force is relative volatility. ( )
=
𝑷𝑨
𝒗
𝑷𝑩
𝒗
• 𝑷𝑨
𝑽
Depends on T not on ΔT.

4. TYPES OF DISTILLATION
I. Simple distillation
II. Flash distillation
III. Steam distillation
IV. Vacuum distillation
V. Azeotropic distillation
VI. Extractive distillation

5. SIMPLE
DISTILLATION
• Unsteady state operation.
• Used to separate liquids with large differences
in boiling points.
• > > 1 signifies easy separation.
• Application:-
a) Purification of organic solvent.
b) Spirit of nitrous ether, & ammonia.
c) Non volatile solutes from volatile
liquids.

6. FLASH
DISTILLATION
• Also called as equilibrium vaporization.
• It is single stage distillation operation.
• Used for lab scale.
• To generate equilibrium data

7. STEAM DISTILLATION
• Steam directly enters into the feed.
• Steam is immiscible in the mixture.
• Dalton’s law: 𝑃𝑇 = 𝑃𝐴+ 𝑃𝐵+𝑃𝑆
𝑉
• Application:
a) Separation of thermally unstable substance
b) Purification of essential oils like almond
oil
c) Separation of high boiling material
d) VOC from waste water

8. VACUUM
DISTILLATION
• Distillation under reduced
pressure. Using steam ejector or
vacuum pump.
• Used for difficult separation.
• Removal of azeotrope.
• Application:-
a) Separation of heat sensitive
materials. Enzymes & vitamins.

9. AZEOTROPIC
DISTILLATION
• Boiling point difference is very less.
• ≈ 1 .
• Entrainer forms low boiling azeotrope
with one of the components.
• Application:-
a) Ethanol water separation.
Benzene is used as an entrainer.

10. EXTRACTIVE
DISTILLATION
• Boiling point difference is very less.
• Solvent forms high boiling solution.
• ≈ 1 .
• Solvent selection based on selectivity &
solvency.
• Application:-
a) Toluene-isooctane mixture. Phenol is
used as solvent.