Practical drilling about Mud wight 0r Density Test

1. Duhok Polytechnic University
Zakho Technical College
Department of petroleum Geology
Forth Year – 2nd
Semester (2023-2024)
DRILLING
LAB #2
Title Of Report :Mud wight 0r Density Test
Student Name : Hogr Khalmala
Lecturer :Mr.lhairi
Assistants : Nechirvan ,Hiba ,NADA
Submission Date :20/2/2024

2. LIST OF CONTENT
1- Table of Content ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2- Introduction …………………………………………..…..……………………………………………………………………………..
3- Objective ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- Procedure ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5- Example Calculation And Results ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6- Descussion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7- References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Introduction
In this experiment we create a mud with a known density then we increase the density of the
mu by adding barite to it which is a very common used weighting material in the oil fields. In
this experiment we used the same apparatus and instruments that have been used in the last
experiment in addition to barite. Barite powder has a specific gravity of 35 and bentonite has a
specific gravity of 20.8 which means barite is a very good weighting material. In the lab we
should be very careful and accurate when dealing with barite because a single gram more or
less of barite can affect the result of the mud balance which is an instrument used to determine
density and specific gravity. Every single member of the groups should take part in the
experiment, and should use the apparatus and the necessary materials with total responsibility.

4. Objective :
1_To know how to use mud balance apparatus.
2-To know the change in density after adding barite by using water.
3_To recalculate the density of the mud which is given.
Test Equipment:
The Baroid Mud Balance as shown below is used to determine density of the drilling fluid. The
instrument consists of a constant volume cup with a lever arm and rider calibrated to read
directly the density of the fluid in ppg (water 8.33), pcf (water 62.4), specific gravity (water =
1.0) and pressure gradient in psi/1000 ft. (water 433 psi/1000 ft.)

5. Calibration:
1_Remove the lid from the cup, and completely fill the cup with water.
2. Replace the lid and wipe dry.
3. Replace the balance arm on the base with knife-edge resting on the
fulcrum.
4. The level vial should be centered when the rider is set on 8.33. If not,
add to or remove shot from the well in the end of the bream.
Test Procedure:
. 1. Remove the lid from the cup, and completely fill the cup with the mud to be tested.
2. Replace the lid and rotate until firmly seated, making sure some mud is expelled through the
hole in the cup.
3. Wash or wipe the mud from the outside of the cup.
4. Place the balance arm on the base, with the knife-edge resting on the
fulcrum.
5. Move the rider until the graduated arm is level, as indicated by the level
vial on the beam.
6. At the left-hand edge of the rider, read the density on either side of the
lever in all desired units without disturbing the rider.
7. Note down mud temperature corresponding to density.

6. Solution :
Vbentonite + Vwater = Vmud
Vwater = 350ml
Massbentonite=45 g
From table : 𝝆𝒃𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒆 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒈𝒎/𝒄𝒄
From table : 𝝆𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 𝟏 𝒈𝒎/𝒄𝒄
Vmud=?
𝝆𝒎𝒖𝒅= ?
1 ml= 1cc
Vbentonite=
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝜌
V bentonite =45
2.5= 18 cc
V mud=18+350=368 cc
(1 × 350) + (2.5×18)=𝜌𝑚𝑢𝑑 × 368395=𝟑𝟔𝟖𝝆𝒎𝒖𝒅𝝆𝒎𝒖𝒅 =𝟑𝟗𝟓𝟑𝟔𝟖= 1.073 g/cc
Exercise:
For a laboratory purpose, it required to prepare 1000 cc of bentonite freshwater
mud having a density of 8.48 Ib/gal. Determine the volume of water and bentonite?
P theory = 1.07 g/cc
P practical= 8.6 Ib/
gal8.6 Ib/gal *𝟏 𝒈 / 𝒄𝒄 𝟖 . 𝟑𝟑 𝑰𝒃 / 𝒈𝒂𝒍= 1.03 g/cc
Error = ( 𝑷 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐲 − 𝑷 𝐩𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 )𝑷 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐲∗ 1 𝟎𝟎
=𝟏 . 𝟎𝟕 − 𝟏 . 𝟎𝟑/𝟏 . 𝟎𝟕∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 3 %

7. Exercise: For a laboratory purpose, it required to prepare 1000 cc of bentonite freshwater
mud having a density of 8.48 Ib/gal. Determine the volume of water and bentonite?
Note * the V1 is (volume of water) and the Wl is the (density of water) and the V2 is the
(volume of the bentonite) and the W2 is the (density of bentonite).
V1 = ?
V2 = ?
W1 = 1g/cc
W2 = 2.5 g/cc
Density of mud = 8.48 Ub/gal
Volume of mud = 1000 cc
(pv) water + (p V) bentonite = (pV) mud
1gm/cc * V1 + 2.5gm/cc * V2 = (8.48/8.33 gm/cc) * 1000 cc
(V1 + V2 = 1000 cc) => (V1 = 1000 - V 2)
1gm/cc * (1000 - V2) + 2.5gm/cc * V2 = 1018 gm
1000 - V2 + 2.5 V2 = 1018 gm
1.5 V2 = 1018 - 1000 gm
V2 = 18 / 1.5 = 12 cc bentonite
Mass = volume * density => M = 12 * 2.5 = 30 gm bentonite
V1 + V2 = Vf => V1 + 12 = 1000 => V1 = 988 cc water

8. Discussion:
All of our equipment needs to be cleaned before we begin work since unclean equipment can
lead to mistakes in our experiment.
-If the water used to prepare the mud is unclean or dirty, there will be errors in the balancing
process. First, the mud must be balanced with a water standard solution. Next, the bentonite
mud must be balanced with regard to the water's density. Barite is then added to the mud to
increase its density and control the formation.
-In order to recalculate the mud's density, we first weighed 17.041 grams of bentonite in a
weight balance and combined it with 493.19 centiliters of water. After that, we added the
combination to the mixing tool, but we were unable to make the mixture work.

9. References:
1-Caenn, R., Darley, H. C. H. & Gray, G. R., 2011. Composition and Properties of Drilling and
Completion Fluids. s.l.:Gulf Professional Publishing.
2_Ariffin, D. K. S., 2015. LIDAR PAGES. [Online]
Available at:
http://lidarmax.altervista.org/lidar/SCIE%20CHIMICHE/BARIO%20generici/
Baryte.pdf
[Accessed 25 November 2015].
3_Kogel, J. E., 2006. Industrial Minerals & Rocks: Commodities, Markets, and Uses. s.I.:SME.
4-Lyons, W. C., 2011. Standard Handbook of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering. 2 ed.
s.l:Gulf Professional Publishing.