This document describes the planning of aerial photograph capture for two different areas using different methods. It discusses using drones as a new method to replace large aircraft cameras for aerial photography projects on a smaller scale. The document outlines the objectives, definitions, materials, theoretical framework, results, discussion and conclusions of planning aerial photograph capture for two areas of the Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE using traditional equipment and a drone. It compares applications for drone flight planning and presents the results of planning flights for the university campus and blocks A and B using analytical methods and the Pix4D Capture app.
1. The project proposes developing a video-based navigation system for unmanned aerial vehicles that does not rely on GPS. It would use video camera data and terrain information to determine location and orientation.
2. Three approaches are proposed: analyzing video frame movements, using stereo effects to model terrain, and comparing frames to stored route images.
3. The project aims to create a simplified video navigator for unmanned ground vehicles and a prototype video navigator for UAVs, with position errors of 3-50 meters and orientation errors of 0.02-1.39 degrees.
This document discusses using photogrammetry to create a 3D model of a heritage building by integrating aerial and close range photography. It outlines the research methodology, which involved acquiring images of the building with a digital camera from both a UAV and ground levels. Photogrammetry software was then used to generate an orthophoto, build a 3D model, and perform quality control checks. The results demonstrated the ability to successfully model the full structure of the building using this combined approach.
Drone photography was used to map 116 acres of land in Manipur, India for development of Manipur Technical University. Over 4000 aerial images were taken with a DJI Phantom 4 drone and stitched together to create a high resolution digital elevation model and orthophoto of the site. This accurate 3D model and aerial imagery allowed planners to easily demarcate the plot boundaries, calculate elevations, and estimate development costs. The drone survey was much faster and more precise than relying on outdated paper maps and low resolution satellite imagery.
This document provides an overview of photogrammetry and how it can be used to create different types of maps from aerial images captured by drones. It discusses how orthomosaics, 3D models, NDVI maps, thermal maps, and other products can be generated from drone imagery using photogrammetry software. It also covers best practices for drone data acquisition such as camera selection, flight planning, image overlap, and use of ground control points to produce accurate georeferenced maps and models.
Critical Infrastructure Monitoring Using UAV Imageryaditess
The use of two rapidly evolving approaches, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Dense Image Matching (DIM) techniques is an attractive solution to extract high quality photogrammetric products like 3D point clouds and orthoimages.
This document describes a photogrammetry project to create a 3D model of the Sanctuary of Aloasi in Ecuador using the 3df Zephyr software. It includes definitions of key photogrammetry terms, an evaluation of the site qualifications and available equipment, and details of the initial photo planning and capture. 42 initial photos were taken of the church facade with a Huawei P9 Lite smartphone camera, but cloudy weather limited lighting. The photos will be analyzed in the software to create an accurate 3D model of the historic building.
This technical report describes the design and development of a waypoint-based rover prototype for coastal surveillance. The objectives are to develop a waypoint system suitable for coastal monitoring using a rover that can move across various surfaces and validate its operational capabilities. The prototype rover is equipped with a GPS, magnetometer, and wireless communication to set waypoints and receive instructions via an Arduino microcontroller. It is intended to improve existing coastal monitoring tools by allowing autonomous operation along preset routes.
1. The project proposes developing a video-based navigation system for unmanned aerial vehicles that does not rely on GPS. It would use video camera data and terrain information to determine location and orientation.
2. Three approaches are proposed: analyzing video frame movements, using stereo effects to model terrain, and comparing frames to stored route images.
3. The project aims to create a simplified video navigator for unmanned ground vehicles and a prototype video navigator for UAVs, with position errors of 3-50 meters and orientation errors of 0.02-1.39 degrees.
This document discusses using photogrammetry to create a 3D model of a heritage building by integrating aerial and close range photography. It outlines the research methodology, which involved acquiring images of the building with a digital camera from both a UAV and ground levels. Photogrammetry software was then used to generate an orthophoto, build a 3D model, and perform quality control checks. The results demonstrated the ability to successfully model the full structure of the building using this combined approach.
Drone photography was used to map 116 acres of land in Manipur, India for development of Manipur Technical University. Over 4000 aerial images were taken with a DJI Phantom 4 drone and stitched together to create a high resolution digital elevation model and orthophoto of the site. This accurate 3D model and aerial imagery allowed planners to easily demarcate the plot boundaries, calculate elevations, and estimate development costs. The drone survey was much faster and more precise than relying on outdated paper maps and low resolution satellite imagery.
This document provides an overview of photogrammetry and how it can be used to create different types of maps from aerial images captured by drones. It discusses how orthomosaics, 3D models, NDVI maps, thermal maps, and other products can be generated from drone imagery using photogrammetry software. It also covers best practices for drone data acquisition such as camera selection, flight planning, image overlap, and use of ground control points to produce accurate georeferenced maps and models.
Critical Infrastructure Monitoring Using UAV Imageryaditess
The use of two rapidly evolving approaches, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Dense Image Matching (DIM) techniques is an attractive solution to extract high quality photogrammetric products like 3D point clouds and orthoimages.
This document describes a photogrammetry project to create a 3D model of the Sanctuary of Aloasi in Ecuador using the 3df Zephyr software. It includes definitions of key photogrammetry terms, an evaluation of the site qualifications and available equipment, and details of the initial photo planning and capture. 42 initial photos were taken of the church facade with a Huawei P9 Lite smartphone camera, but cloudy weather limited lighting. The photos will be analyzed in the software to create an accurate 3D model of the historic building.
This technical report describes the design and development of a waypoint-based rover prototype for coastal surveillance. The objectives are to develop a waypoint system suitable for coastal monitoring using a rover that can move across various surfaces and validate its operational capabilities. The prototype rover is equipped with a GPS, magnetometer, and wireless communication to set waypoints and receive instructions via an Arduino microcontroller. It is intended to improve existing coastal monitoring tools by allowing autonomous operation along preset routes.
Aerial videography involves recording video from aircraft using digital cameras and magnetic tapes or hard drives. It uses techniques like geodesy, cartography, aerial navigation with GPS, and GIS software. Common camera types are single-band, multiband, or multiple single-band cameras sensing visible, near-IR, and mid-IR wavelengths. Materials needed include digital video cameras, batteries, camera mounts, GPS units, antennas, and computers. Planning involves defining objectives, permissions, weather, equipment preparation, and cost evaluation. Precise flight planning, camera mounting, and GPS are required to capture accurate georeferenced aerial videos.
IRJET - Surveying using Drones and Providing Results by using Photogrammm...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using drones and photogrammetry software to survey Sona College campus. It involves four phases: preliminary study, data collection via a drone, data processing using software, and analysis. The drone was used to capture images of the entire campus from varying altitudes. Photogrammetry software was then used to process the images and produce an orthomosaic of the campus along with accuracy assessments and calculations of areas and distances. The results provided reliable surveying data of the campus with accuracy meeting engineering survey standards.
IRJET- Surveying using Drones and Providing Results by using Photogrammme...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using drones and photogrammetry software to survey Sona College campus. It involves four phases: preliminary study, data collection via a drone, data processing using software, and analysis. The drone was used to capture images of the entire campus from varying altitudes. Photogrammetry software was then used to process the images and produce an orthomosaic and 3D model of the campus. Metrics like areas of buildings, fields, and distances were extracted from the model and accurate to engineering survey standards. The study found drones can efficiently and cost-effectively provide surveying data for engineering projects like campus mapping.
The 2016 Remote Sensing Field camp will take the form of two projects.
A low tech, low cost aerial photography project using visible spectrum UAV/Ultralight Aircraft mounted cameras as the sensor to demonstrate that relatively low tech, low cost solutions can achieve surprisingly good results when compared to more commercial systems.
A more high tech, high cost terrestrial LiDAR collect of a building or structure of historical or architectural significance.
The scope of a project will influence all other aspects of the project, including its cost, timing, quality and risk.
Epitome Geotechnical is a Geo survey Mapping company in India. Our services are Drone Survey and Aerial Photography Survey Services in India.
visit: www.epitomegs.com
In the vast realm of surveying techniques, Epitome provide drone aerial photography survey have emerged as a transformative technology, offering a unique perspective from the sky. This article delves into the evolution, applications, and future trends of drone aerial photography survey, unraveling the myriad advantages and challenges associated with this cutting-edge approach. Drone surveys have revolutionized the field of data collection, offering a nimble and efficient alternative to traditional survey methods. These unmanned aerial vehicles, equipped with advanced sensors and cameras, enable the rapid and cost-effective acquisition of high-resolution imagery and geospatial data.
End of Semester Design Report Final VersionDaniel Worts
This document presents a proposal for an autonomous quadcopter senior design project. The goal is to design and build a quadcopter capable of GPS waypoint navigation with multiple flight modes and safety features. Key specifications include a 15 minute maximum flight time, 0.75 mile video transmission range, object avoidance sensors, and a parachute system for failures. The design process will focus on a durable yet lightweight frame and reducing vibrations to ensure smooth video and avoid interfering with electronics. By spring, the team aims to have a functional quadcopter with altitude control via manual controller and autonomous software, while transmitting video.
This document discusses a study on assessing the quality of geospatial data obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The study aimed to generate accurate 3D geospatial data from UAV images of a 5.26 km2 area near Banaras Hindu University in India. Two software programs, ArcGIS Pro and Pix4Dmapper, were used to process over 135 images taken with a DJI Mavic Pro drone. The positional and vertical accuracies of the UAV data were determined by calculating the root mean square error of checkpoint locations. The analysis found horizontal and vertical errors within an acceptable range, demonstrating that low-cost UAVs can be used to obtain accurate 3D spatial data for large-scale mapping
DSD-INT 2015 - Photogrammetric workflows and use of UA VS, Francesco nex, E-s...Deltares
The document discusses the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for earth observation applications. It provides an overview of UAV classification systems and discusses photogrammetric workflows using UAV imagery. Common applications described include urban monitoring, environmental monitoring, agriculture/forestry, and archaeological documentation. Both pros and cons of UAVs for earth observation are presented, noting their flexibility but also technological and regulatory limitations.
1. The document presents a simulation software developed to evaluate the control system for an autonomous unmanned helicopter.
2. The simulation models the helicopter dynamics, sensors, and an extended Kalman filter. It accounts for forces like gravity, rotors, wind, and allows tuning the helicopter servos.
3. The goal is to design the guidance system without risking damage to real equipment by testing in simulation first.
Photogrammetry: Latest Technology to Create Maps Using Drones?NI BT
Photogrammetry uses photographs and measurements to create maps. Drones are increasingly used for aerial photogrammetry, as they are cheaper than planes and pose no risk to pilots. The document discusses how photogrammetry works by processing overlapping drone photos with software to generate 3D maps. It has many applications for construction professionals and allows creating detailed models and measurements from images.
This document discusses the use of drone surveying in various applications such as construction, agriculture, and landslide monitoring. It provides details on how drone surveys can be used to create 3D models and contour maps with high accuracy. Deep learning algorithms and digital photogrammetry techniques allow precise analysis of crop health, pest detection, and structural inspections. Integrating drone survey data into BIM models enables strategic facility management. Overall, the document outlines the capabilities and accuracy of drone surveys across multiple industries.
Photogrammetry is a technique for measuring objects from photographs. It involves taking aerial photographs from an aircraft or ground positions and using the photos to indirectly measure objects and map terrain. Key steps in the photogrammetric process include image acquisition, establishing ground control points, aerial triangulation to determine photo orientation, stereo compilation to map features, and quality control checks of the final maps. Photogrammetry is useful for mapping large or inaccessible areas and produces digital products like orthophotos and terrain models. It is cost-effective for surveying wide areas but may not be suitable if higher accuracy is required or the scope of work is too small.
라이브드론맵 (Live Drone Map) - 실시간 드론 매핑 솔루션Impyeong Lee
This document introduces Live Drone Map, a UAV-based rapid mapping and sharing solution. It consists of a UAV system that can automatically acquire geospatial data through sensors and process the data in real-time to generate orthoimages. The orthoimages are then uploaded and visualized in a cloud-based geospatial platform called Mago3D. This allows users to access and view mapping data updated in real-time from UAV flights through a web browser or mobile devices. The system is proposed to provide updated mapping for UN field operations by automating data acquisition, processing and sharing.
Industrial Automation using unmanned Aerial vehicleMusthafa Nowfal
This document describes a project to use an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV or drone) for industrial automation. The goal is to have the drone carry components from a warehouse to an assembly line. Beacons placed throughout the facility will emit unique signals to help the drone locate and transport specified objects. The project involves two phases: first, programming the drone and integrating beacon technology, and second, developing a mobile application to control the drone. Beacons allow indoor positioning to guide the drone when GPS is unreliable indoors. The drone will follow beacon signals to destinations throughout the facility, helping automate material transport.
Fabrication of Customized Surveillance & Night Vision Patrolling DroneIRJET Journal
This document presents the development of an autonomous quadcopter drone equipped with a night vision camera for security surveillance purposes. The drone is designed to be affordable and efficient. It utilizes an APM 2.8 flight controller and can be controlled wirelessly to navigate pre-planned missions without human intervention. The night vision camera allows the drone to perform surveillance day or night. The mission planner software enables the drone to autonomously follow mapped waypoints and provides real-time flight data. Overall, the drone aims to provide a better and safer security surveillance system through autonomous monitoring of large areas.
Drone Detection & Classification using Machine LearningIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on drone detection and classification using machine learning. It discusses how drone technology is used for various purposes like food delivery and emergency response. The research focuses on using machine learning and image processing for drone surveillance in high-risk areas. It describes the system architecture, which uses sensors like thermal cameras, video cameras, and microphones along with a machine learning model on a laptop. The document outlines the methodology, including how the sensors are mounted and integrated into the system. It also discusses the software and algorithms used for detection, classification and tracking of drones.
chapter19. Terrestrial and Close-Range Photogrammetry.pdfssuser3f7a17
This document discusses terrestrial and close-range photogrammetry. It describes how terrestrial photogrammetry involves photographs taken from cameras on the earth's surface, which can be handheld, mounted on tripods, or suspended. Close-range photogrammetry refers to terrestrial photos taken from up to around 300 meters. Various applications of terrestrial photogrammetry are discussed, including topographic mapping, traffic accident reconstruction, and measuring objects that are otherwise inaccessible. Analytical self-calibration methods are also summarized, which allow camera calibration parameters to be solved for directly during photogrammetric processing.
The document discusses drone surveys and applications in civil engineering. It provides an overview of how drone surveys can be used for mapping, surveying, construction monitoring, inspections, and other applications. Drones allow data to be collected from the sky efficiently and safely. High-resolution orthomosaic maps and 3D models can be created through drone photography and post-processing software. This provides accurate spatial data that saves time and costs compared to traditional surveying methods.
IRJET- Proposed Design for 3D Map Generation using UAVIRJET Journal
The document proposes a design for 3D map generation using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Images collected by the UAV would undergo processing using techniques like photogrammetry and videogrammetry to generate point clouds and convert the 2D images into 3D models. Pix4Dmapper software would be used to analyze control points within images, overlap similar images, filter out noise, and generate the 3D point cloud which forms the basic building block for 3D map creation. The vSLAM algorithm would also be used to determine the sensor orientation and reconstruct the environment. The proposed system would use tools like the Tower app and databases like MySQL and HBase to control the UAV, process and store the image data,
Este documento presenta las herramientas diseñadas para el control de calidad de un proyecto de fotogrametría terrestre de la fachada de un santuario. Incluye un diagrama de causa y efecto, una lista de chequeo y conclusiones sobre el proyecto y las herramientas utilizadas para evaluar la calidad. El objetivo es aplicar estas herramientas para asegurar que los productos fotogramétricos cumplan con los requisitos de calidad.
50 fotos
Professional: 100 fotos
No tiene limitación en el número de
fotografías
Genera nube de puntos, malla 3D y
ortofoto.
Genera nube de puntos, malla 3D,
ortofoto, DSM, DTM, texturizado 3D.
Interfaz sencilla e intuitiva.
Interfaz más completa y profesional.
Carece de herramientas avanzadas como
GCPs.
Permite el uso de GCPs para mayor
precisión.
Mayor facilidad de uso para proyectos
pequeños y medianos.
Mayor pot
More Related Content
Similar to Practica N2 Planificación para la toma de fotografías aéreas
Aerial videography involves recording video from aircraft using digital cameras and magnetic tapes or hard drives. It uses techniques like geodesy, cartography, aerial navigation with GPS, and GIS software. Common camera types are single-band, multiband, or multiple single-band cameras sensing visible, near-IR, and mid-IR wavelengths. Materials needed include digital video cameras, batteries, camera mounts, GPS units, antennas, and computers. Planning involves defining objectives, permissions, weather, equipment preparation, and cost evaluation. Precise flight planning, camera mounting, and GPS are required to capture accurate georeferenced aerial videos.
IRJET - Surveying using Drones and Providing Results by using Photogrammm...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using drones and photogrammetry software to survey Sona College campus. It involves four phases: preliminary study, data collection via a drone, data processing using software, and analysis. The drone was used to capture images of the entire campus from varying altitudes. Photogrammetry software was then used to process the images and produce an orthomosaic of the campus along with accuracy assessments and calculations of areas and distances. The results provided reliable surveying data of the campus with accuracy meeting engineering survey standards.
IRJET- Surveying using Drones and Providing Results by using Photogrammme...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using drones and photogrammetry software to survey Sona College campus. It involves four phases: preliminary study, data collection via a drone, data processing using software, and analysis. The drone was used to capture images of the entire campus from varying altitudes. Photogrammetry software was then used to process the images and produce an orthomosaic and 3D model of the campus. Metrics like areas of buildings, fields, and distances were extracted from the model and accurate to engineering survey standards. The study found drones can efficiently and cost-effectively provide surveying data for engineering projects like campus mapping.
The 2016 Remote Sensing Field camp will take the form of two projects.
A low tech, low cost aerial photography project using visible spectrum UAV/Ultralight Aircraft mounted cameras as the sensor to demonstrate that relatively low tech, low cost solutions can achieve surprisingly good results when compared to more commercial systems.
A more high tech, high cost terrestrial LiDAR collect of a building or structure of historical or architectural significance.
The scope of a project will influence all other aspects of the project, including its cost, timing, quality and risk.
Epitome Geotechnical is a Geo survey Mapping company in India. Our services are Drone Survey and Aerial Photography Survey Services in India.
visit: www.epitomegs.com
In the vast realm of surveying techniques, Epitome provide drone aerial photography survey have emerged as a transformative technology, offering a unique perspective from the sky. This article delves into the evolution, applications, and future trends of drone aerial photography survey, unraveling the myriad advantages and challenges associated with this cutting-edge approach. Drone surveys have revolutionized the field of data collection, offering a nimble and efficient alternative to traditional survey methods. These unmanned aerial vehicles, equipped with advanced sensors and cameras, enable the rapid and cost-effective acquisition of high-resolution imagery and geospatial data.
End of Semester Design Report Final VersionDaniel Worts
This document presents a proposal for an autonomous quadcopter senior design project. The goal is to design and build a quadcopter capable of GPS waypoint navigation with multiple flight modes and safety features. Key specifications include a 15 minute maximum flight time, 0.75 mile video transmission range, object avoidance sensors, and a parachute system for failures. The design process will focus on a durable yet lightweight frame and reducing vibrations to ensure smooth video and avoid interfering with electronics. By spring, the team aims to have a functional quadcopter with altitude control via manual controller and autonomous software, while transmitting video.
This document discusses a study on assessing the quality of geospatial data obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The study aimed to generate accurate 3D geospatial data from UAV images of a 5.26 km2 area near Banaras Hindu University in India. Two software programs, ArcGIS Pro and Pix4Dmapper, were used to process over 135 images taken with a DJI Mavic Pro drone. The positional and vertical accuracies of the UAV data were determined by calculating the root mean square error of checkpoint locations. The analysis found horizontal and vertical errors within an acceptable range, demonstrating that low-cost UAVs can be used to obtain accurate 3D spatial data for large-scale mapping
DSD-INT 2015 - Photogrammetric workflows and use of UA VS, Francesco nex, E-s...Deltares
The document discusses the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for earth observation applications. It provides an overview of UAV classification systems and discusses photogrammetric workflows using UAV imagery. Common applications described include urban monitoring, environmental monitoring, agriculture/forestry, and archaeological documentation. Both pros and cons of UAVs for earth observation are presented, noting their flexibility but also technological and regulatory limitations.
1. The document presents a simulation software developed to evaluate the control system for an autonomous unmanned helicopter.
2. The simulation models the helicopter dynamics, sensors, and an extended Kalman filter. It accounts for forces like gravity, rotors, wind, and allows tuning the helicopter servos.
3. The goal is to design the guidance system without risking damage to real equipment by testing in simulation first.
Photogrammetry: Latest Technology to Create Maps Using Drones?NI BT
Photogrammetry uses photographs and measurements to create maps. Drones are increasingly used for aerial photogrammetry, as they are cheaper than planes and pose no risk to pilots. The document discusses how photogrammetry works by processing overlapping drone photos with software to generate 3D maps. It has many applications for construction professionals and allows creating detailed models and measurements from images.
This document discusses the use of drone surveying in various applications such as construction, agriculture, and landslide monitoring. It provides details on how drone surveys can be used to create 3D models and contour maps with high accuracy. Deep learning algorithms and digital photogrammetry techniques allow precise analysis of crop health, pest detection, and structural inspections. Integrating drone survey data into BIM models enables strategic facility management. Overall, the document outlines the capabilities and accuracy of drone surveys across multiple industries.
Photogrammetry is a technique for measuring objects from photographs. It involves taking aerial photographs from an aircraft or ground positions and using the photos to indirectly measure objects and map terrain. Key steps in the photogrammetric process include image acquisition, establishing ground control points, aerial triangulation to determine photo orientation, stereo compilation to map features, and quality control checks of the final maps. Photogrammetry is useful for mapping large or inaccessible areas and produces digital products like orthophotos and terrain models. It is cost-effective for surveying wide areas but may not be suitable if higher accuracy is required or the scope of work is too small.
라이브드론맵 (Live Drone Map) - 실시간 드론 매핑 솔루션Impyeong Lee
This document introduces Live Drone Map, a UAV-based rapid mapping and sharing solution. It consists of a UAV system that can automatically acquire geospatial data through sensors and process the data in real-time to generate orthoimages. The orthoimages are then uploaded and visualized in a cloud-based geospatial platform called Mago3D. This allows users to access and view mapping data updated in real-time from UAV flights through a web browser or mobile devices. The system is proposed to provide updated mapping for UN field operations by automating data acquisition, processing and sharing.
Industrial Automation using unmanned Aerial vehicleMusthafa Nowfal
This document describes a project to use an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV or drone) for industrial automation. The goal is to have the drone carry components from a warehouse to an assembly line. Beacons placed throughout the facility will emit unique signals to help the drone locate and transport specified objects. The project involves two phases: first, programming the drone and integrating beacon technology, and second, developing a mobile application to control the drone. Beacons allow indoor positioning to guide the drone when GPS is unreliable indoors. The drone will follow beacon signals to destinations throughout the facility, helping automate material transport.
Fabrication of Customized Surveillance & Night Vision Patrolling DroneIRJET Journal
This document presents the development of an autonomous quadcopter drone equipped with a night vision camera for security surveillance purposes. The drone is designed to be affordable and efficient. It utilizes an APM 2.8 flight controller and can be controlled wirelessly to navigate pre-planned missions without human intervention. The night vision camera allows the drone to perform surveillance day or night. The mission planner software enables the drone to autonomously follow mapped waypoints and provides real-time flight data. Overall, the drone aims to provide a better and safer security surveillance system through autonomous monitoring of large areas.
Drone Detection & Classification using Machine LearningIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on drone detection and classification using machine learning. It discusses how drone technology is used for various purposes like food delivery and emergency response. The research focuses on using machine learning and image processing for drone surveillance in high-risk areas. It describes the system architecture, which uses sensors like thermal cameras, video cameras, and microphones along with a machine learning model on a laptop. The document outlines the methodology, including how the sensors are mounted and integrated into the system. It also discusses the software and algorithms used for detection, classification and tracking of drones.
chapter19. Terrestrial and Close-Range Photogrammetry.pdfssuser3f7a17
This document discusses terrestrial and close-range photogrammetry. It describes how terrestrial photogrammetry involves photographs taken from cameras on the earth's surface, which can be handheld, mounted on tripods, or suspended. Close-range photogrammetry refers to terrestrial photos taken from up to around 300 meters. Various applications of terrestrial photogrammetry are discussed, including topographic mapping, traffic accident reconstruction, and measuring objects that are otherwise inaccessible. Analytical self-calibration methods are also summarized, which allow camera calibration parameters to be solved for directly during photogrammetric processing.
The document discusses drone surveys and applications in civil engineering. It provides an overview of how drone surveys can be used for mapping, surveying, construction monitoring, inspections, and other applications. Drones allow data to be collected from the sky efficiently and safely. High-resolution orthomosaic maps and 3D models can be created through drone photography and post-processing software. This provides accurate spatial data that saves time and costs compared to traditional surveying methods.
IRJET- Proposed Design for 3D Map Generation using UAVIRJET Journal
The document proposes a design for 3D map generation using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Images collected by the UAV would undergo processing using techniques like photogrammetry and videogrammetry to generate point clouds and convert the 2D images into 3D models. Pix4Dmapper software would be used to analyze control points within images, overlap similar images, filter out noise, and generate the 3D point cloud which forms the basic building block for 3D map creation. The vSLAM algorithm would also be used to determine the sensor orientation and reconstruct the environment. The proposed system would use tools like the Tower app and databases like MySQL and HBase to control the UAV, process and store the image data,
Similar to Practica N2 Planificación para la toma de fotografías aéreas (20)
Este documento presenta las herramientas diseñadas para el control de calidad de un proyecto de fotogrametría terrestre de la fachada de un santuario. Incluye un diagrama de causa y efecto, una lista de chequeo y conclusiones sobre el proyecto y las herramientas utilizadas para evaluar la calidad. El objetivo es aplicar estas herramientas para asegurar que los productos fotogramétricos cumplan con los requisitos de calidad.
50 fotos
Professional: 100 fotos
No tiene limitación en el número de
fotografías
Genera nube de puntos, malla 3D y
ortofoto.
Genera nube de puntos, malla 3D,
ortofoto, DSM, DTM, texturizado 3D.
Interfaz sencilla e intuitiva.
Interfaz más completa y profesional.
Carece de herramientas avanzadas como
GCPs.
Permite el uso de GCPs para mayor
precisión.
Mayor facilidad de uso para proyectos
pequeños y medianos.
Mayor pot
Este documento describe el proceso de calibración de una cámara utilizando el software Agisoft Lens y la aplicación de los parámetros de calibración en el software 3DF Zephyr. Se toman fotografías de un patrón de calibración con la cámara en diferentes posiciones y ángulos, las cuales son procesadas en Agisoft Lens para obtener los parámetros internos de la cámara. Luego, estos parámetros son incluidos en 3DF Zephyr para procesar fotografías adicionales y generar
The National Institute of Cultural Heritage (INPC) has requested the development of a scale 1:500 plan of the facade of the Church of the Company of Jesus in Quito, Ecuador to document its architectural features and address deterioration from weathering. As the technical director of the project, the document requests the design plan for the photogrammetric project, including the scale of the plan, smallest detail size, camera scale and distance, number of photos, and preliminary budget and schedule. It then provides the camera specifications, calculations for two focal length cases, and a project planning table.
Este documento presenta el proyecto fotogramétrico realizado por un estudiante para generar un plano base de la Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE con una escala de 1:500. Incluye la justificación, objetivos, definiciones, materiales, marco teórico, y resultados del proyecto. Dentro de los resultados se encuentra el acta de constitución del proyecto con la información general, presupuesto, cronograma de actividades y recursos requeridos. El acta es fundamental para organizar las acciones a tomar durante el pro
Este documento describe los procedimientos para la selección de personal competente en una universidad, incluyendo la determinación del perfil de puestos, la contratación, inducción y evaluación del desempeño. El objetivo es garantizar que cada trabajador tenga el nivel de competencia necesario para cumplir los objetivos de la organización y apoyar un ambiente laboral adecuado. El líder de gestión humana es responsable de dirigir el proceso que consta de varias etapas como identificar necesidades, entrevistas, capacitación y evaluación continua
El documento presenta dos modelos para la construcción de una casa: un modelo IDEF que describe el proceso de elaborar el diseño, tramitar permisos y construir la casa, y un diagrama de flujo que detalla las etapas ordenadas de obtener planos topográficos, diseñar planos, obtener permisos, contratar constructores y entregar la casa terminada.
Este documento presenta dos problemas relacionados con fundamentos de fotogrametría. El primer problema involucra medir la distancia y ángulo entre dos puntos usando una regla y graduador, y calcular coordenadas y precisión de mediciones. El segundo problema involucra ángulos de inclinación en una fotografía aérea y calcular coordenadas de puntos nadir e isocentro, así como incertidumbre en mediciones. Se pide graficar datos y resolver 10 preguntas sobre cada problema, con un tiempo de 2 horas.
El documento presenta un examen de fundamentos de fotogrametría que consta de 2 problemas. El problema 1 pide calcular la distancia focal de simetría, los coeficientes de distorsión radial y la distorsión radial para una distancia de 50mm usando datos de ángulo y distancia. El problema 2 pide calcular las coordenadas corregidas de un punto dado sus coordenadas originales, los coeficientes de distorsión radial y la distancia focal de la cámara. El examen es el 20 de enero y debe entregarse antes de las 9 am por WhatsApp
El documento describe el proceso de rectificar 10 fotografías terrestres de objetos planos como cuadros, fachadas y paredes utilizando el software gratuito PicsArt en un teléfono móvil. Se tomaron fotos de varios objetos con inclinaciones entre 15° y 20° y luego se usó la herramienta de percepción en PicsArt para corregir las inclinaciones de las fotos.
Este documento describe los componentes principales de las cámaras fotográficas aéreas y terrestres. Explica el funcionamiento del obturador y el diafragma, los cuales controlan el tiempo de exposición y la cantidad de luz que entra a la cámara respectivamente. También define conceptos como sensibilidad, profundidad de campo y resolución. El objetivo es que los estudiantes conozcan estos componentes de manera teórica y práctica para mejorar la toma de fotografías.
El documento presenta las especificaciones técnicas para la producción de cartografía a escala 1:5.000 en Ecuador, incluyendo el sistema geodésico de referencia, parámetros para vuelos fotogramétricos, establecimiento de puntos de control, y especificaciones para la generación de ortofotos digitales como producto derivado.
El documento establece el marco legal vigente en Ecuador relacionado con la cartografía y catastros. Señala que de acuerdo con la Constitución, el Estado financiará y elaborará la cartografía geodésica del territorio nacional para el diseño de catastros. También establece que la formación y administración de catastros inmobiliarios corresponde a los gobiernos municipales siguiendo lineamientos legales. Finalmente, resume algunos artículos clave de la Ley de Cartografía Nacional respecto a la autorización de trabajos cartográficos y
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Practica N2 Planificación para la toma de fotografías aéreas
1. UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS ESPE Código: CIGMA.05.02
Ingeniería Geográfica y del Medio Ambiente Versión: V1.0
Manual de prácticas de Fotogrametría
PLANIFICACION DE LA TOMA DE FOTOGRAFIAS Fecha 09/02/21
AEREAS Revisión 10/02/21
UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS
“ESPE”
Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y la Construcción
Ingeniería en Tecnologías Geoespaciales
Practica N°2
Tema: Planificación de la toma de fotografías aéreas
Nombre: Carlos Antonio Calispa Noroña
Docente: Ing. Pablo Perez S. MAG
Fecha de entrega: 10/02/2021
2. UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS ESPE Código: CIGMA.05.02
Ingeniería Geográfica y del Medio Ambiente Versión: V1.0
Manual de prácticas de Fotogrametría
PLANIFICACION DE LA TOMA DE FOTOGRAFIAS Fecha 09/02/21
AEREAS Revisión 10/02/21
Contenido
Resumen......................................................................................................................................1
1. Justificación............................................................................................................................1
2. Objetivos de aprendizaje .......................................................................................................2
3. Definiciones.............................................................................................................................2
4. Materiales y Equipos..............................................................................................................3
5. Marco Teórico ........................................................................................................................3
6. Resultados...............................................................................................................................7
7. Discusión...............................................................................................................................11
8. Conclusiones .........................................................................................................................12
Bibliografía...............................................................................................................................13
3. UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS ESPE Código: CIGMA.05.02
Ingeniería Geográfica y del Medio Ambiente Versión: V1.0
Manual de prácticas de Fotogrametría
PLANIFICACION DE LA TOMA DE FOTOGRAFIAS Fecha 22/12/20
AEREAS Revisión 08/01/21
1
Resumen
En la presenta practica se llevó a cabo la planificación para la toma de fotografías
aéreas de dos zonas diferentes con métodos igualmente diferente. Se puede observar que
la utilización de nuevos métodos para la toma de fotografías nos da un punto de apoyo
que ayuda para la realización de este tipo de proyectos. Se puede denotar que la mayor
problemática en este tipo de métodos, en la parte analítica, fue la falta de datos exactos
que en casos no se tiene y se necesita de un mejor cálculo que ayude a minimizar los
errores.
También se observó la importancia que recae en la planificación con respecto al
tiempo de vuelo de los drones los cuales permiten solo hasta cierto punto la toma de
fotografías al igual que su calidad. De igual manera el uso de apps para el manejo de los
drones viene muy limitada pues la versión del software hace que no todos los celulares
puedan usar estas herramientas pero nos da una gran ventaja en el manejo de los mismos.
1. Justificación
Los avances en la tecnología para la realización de fotogrametría han dado paso a un
nuevo elemento que remplaza, en casos específicos, a las grandes cámaras fotográficas
usadas en aviones para la toma de fotografías a gran escala, el denominado DRON o
vehículo aéreo no tripulado es el nuevo acompañante para los proyectos de toma de
fotografías aéreas con facilidades cuando los trabajos no son de gran escala o por motivos
económicos.
Teniendo estos dos tipos de métodos se nos plantea la realización de diversos
proyectos con datos y magnitudes diferentes para lo cual se necesita realizar un plan de
toma de datos el cual represente la importancia del buen planeamiento al momento de
realizar este tipo de trabajo, pues nos da una visión clara en lo que refiere al tiempo,
numero de fotos, número de líneas y el número de viajes (en el caso de los drones) que se
necesitara para el mismo.
4. UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS ESPE Código: CIGMA.05.02
Ingeniería Geográfica y del Medio Ambiente Versión: V1.0
Manual de prácticas de Fotogrametría
PLANIFICACION DE LA TOMA DE FOTOGRAFIAS Fecha 22/12/20
AEREAS Revisión 08/01/21
2
2. Objetivos de aprendizaje
Objetivo general: Aplicar los conocimientos sobre la planificación de la toma de
fotografías mediante la realización de 2 planes de vuelo para la zona de la
Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas “ESPE”, Sede Sangolqui, y los bloques A y B
de la misma institución, mediante el empleo de equipo tradicional y dron.
Objetivos específicos:
• Generar una comparativa entre las diversas aplicaciones para la planificación de
vuelo de drones que están en acceso libre para Smartphone.
• Diseñar un plan para la toma de fotografías aéreas en la zona de la Universidad de
las Fuerzas Armadas “ESPE”, Sede Sangolqui, en base a métodos analíticos
revisados en clases.
• Diseñar un plan para la toma de fotografías aéreas en la zona de los bloques A y B,
de la misma Universidad, basándose en el método analítico y con el ingreso de datos
a la aplicación para planificación de vuelo de drones Pix4D capture.
3. Definiciones
• Ortofoto: Es una imagen de una fotografía aérea, en la cual han sido corregidos los
desplazamientos causados por la inclinación de la cámara o sensor y el relieve del
terreno. Está referida a una proyección cartográfica, por lo que posee las
características geométricas de un mapa, además de la calidad pictórica de la
fotografía. (IGM, 2008)
• Dron: Un vehículo aéreo no tripulado (VANT), UAV (del inglés unmanned aerial
vehicle), más apropiadamente RPAS (del inglés Remotely Piloted Aircraft System),
comúnmente conocido como dron, hace referencia a una aeronave que vuela sin
tripulación, la cual ejerce su función remotamente. (Wikipedia)
5. UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS ESPE Código: CIGMA.05.02
Ingeniería Geográfica y del Medio Ambiente Versión: V1.0
Manual de prácticas de Fotogrametría
PLANIFICACION DE LA TOMA DE FOTOGRAFIAS Fecha 22/12/20
AEREAS Revisión 08/01/21
3
• Fotografías aéreas: La fotografía aérea es el análisis de la superficie terrestre
mediante el empleo de máquinas fotográficas instaladas a bordo de diversos medios
aéreos. (Wikipedia)
• Metadatos: Datos sobre los datos. Información acerca de los datos que describe
detalladamente sus características en términos de contenido, calidad, proyección
sistema de coordenadas y forma de distribución. Elaborados bajo la norma que para
tal fin defina, establezca y difunda la autoridad competente. (IGM, 2008)
4. Materiales y Equipos
• Teléfono Iphone 6
• Internet
• Calculadora
• Software para plan de vuelo (Pix4D Capture)
5. Marco Teórico
5.1. Plan de vuelo fotogramétrico
El proyecto de vuelo es el conjunto de cálculos previos a la realización de un vuelo
fotogramétrico, mediante los cuales se organizan las operaciones que permitan conseguir
el fin propuesto bajo unas condiciones establecidas previamente. (Alfaro, 2017)
Para la realización del mismo se debe tener en consideración diferentes cosas, como
lo indica Zubrinic (s.f):
El uso que se le dará a las fotografías.
La escala a la cual se presenta el producto final, sea para productor
fotogramétricos o de fotointerpretación.
La precisión requerida para el trabajo.
6. UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS ESPE Código: CIGMA.05.02
Ingeniería Geográfica y del Medio Ambiente Versión: V1.0
Manual de prácticas de Fotogrametría
PLANIFICACION DE LA TOMA DE FOTOGRAFIAS Fecha 22/12/20
AEREAS Revisión 08/01/21
4
El objetivo en la zona es cubrir zonas similares que nos sirva para la interpretación y
análisis de las mismas tal como se muestra en la siguiente imagen:
Fuente: Zubrinic Recuperado de: https://fcf.unse.edu.ar/archivos/lpr/pdf/p14.PDF
5.2. Aplicación Pix4D Capture
Esta es una aplicación de acceso gratuita para dispositivos móviles que sirve para la
planificación de vuelo de drones para diferentes proyectos. Según la pagina de la
aplicación (PIX4D), esta cuenta con diferentes aplicativos como:
Selección de dron.- admite drones de DJI,
Parrot y Yuneec
7. UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS ESPE Código: CIGMA.05.02
Ingeniería Geográfica y del Medio Ambiente Versión: V1.0
Manual de prácticas de Fotogrametría
PLANIFICACION DE LA TOMA DE FOTOGRAFIAS Fecha 22/12/20
AEREAS Revisión 08/01/21
5
Selección de misión.- tiene una selección
diversa dependiendo las necesidades del
proyecto
Ajuste de plan de vuelo y parámetros
del dron.- permite definir la área a mapear
y las características que se usaran en la
misma.
Vuelo y supervisión.- Al iniciar la misión
se puede observar todo el proceso por
medio de la cámara del dron en la
aplicación.
Revision de resultados.- permite revisar
las fotos al instante para evitar el irse de la
zona sin revisar cómo va el progreso del
proyecto.
8. UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS ESPE Código: CIGMA.05.02
Ingeniería Geográfica y del Medio Ambiente Versión: V1.0
Manual de prácticas de Fotogrametría
PLANIFICACION DE LA TOMA DE FOTOGRAFIAS Fecha 22/12/20
AEREAS Revisión 08/01/21
6
Carga automática.- se ancla con la
aplicación PIX4Dcloud para cargar sus
imágenes al instante y poder revisarlas en
un computador
Elaboración: Propia Fuente: PIX4D
5.3. Cuadro comparativo de software de Plan de vuelo para aeronaves no tripuladas
Fuente: Guzman & others Recuperado de:
https://publicacionesfac.com/index.php/cienciaypoderaereo/article/view/603/843
9. UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS ESPE Código: CIGMA.05.02
Ingeniería Geográfica y del Medio Ambiente Versión: V1.0
Manual de prácticas de Fotogrametría
PLANIFICACION DE LA TOMA DE FOTOGRAFIAS Fecha 22/12/20
AEREAS Revisión 08/01/21
7
6. Resultados
Actividad 1: Plan de toma de fotografías aéreas de la zona piloto
Considerando la familiaridad que todos tenemos con nuestra Universidad, se debe
planificar el “Proyecto de generación del Plano del Campus Universitario” incluida la
zona de la antigua Fábrica de Municiones Santa Bárbara, de acuerdo a las siguientes
especificaciones:
Datos
Zona: Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas “ESPE”
Escala del plano 1:500 Escala fotografía aérea 1:2500
Equipo: Cámara fotogramétrica RC30 Resolución: 100 ln/mm
Traslape longitudinal 60% Traslape transversal 20%
Focal 0.152 m
Longitud terreno: 1400 m Ancho terreno: 840 m
Cálculos
840 m
1400 m
10. UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS ESPE Código: CIGMA.05.02
Ingeniería Geográfica y del Medio Ambiente Versión: V1.0
Manual de prácticas de Fotogrametría
PLANIFICACION DE LA TOMA DE FOTOGRAFIAS Fecha 22/12/20
AEREAS Revisión 08/01/21
8
Altura de vuelo = 𝑍 = 𝑓 ∗ 𝐸𝑓
𝑍 = 0.152 ∗ 2500
𝑍 = 380𝑚
Cobertura de la fotografía
𝐿𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑜 ∗ 𝐸𝑓
𝐿𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 0.23 ∗ 2500
𝐿𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 575𝑚
𝐵 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑜 ∗ 𝐸𝑓 ∗ 𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝐵 = 0.23 ∗ 2500 ∗ (1 − 0.6)
𝐵 = 230 𝑚
Número de fotografías
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑓 = 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑/𝐵
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑓 = 1400/230
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑓 = 6.08 ≈ 6
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑓 = 6 + 2 + 2 = 10 𝑓𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑠
Separación entre líneas
𝐴 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑜 ∗ 𝐸𝑓 ∗ 𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙
𝐴 = 0.23 ∗ 2500 ∗ (1 − 0.2)
𝐴 = 460 𝑚
Número de líneas
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑙 = 𝐴𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑜/𝐴
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑙 = 840/460
11. UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS ESPE Código: CIGMA.05.02
Ingeniería Geográfica y del Medio Ambiente Versión: V1.0
Manual de prácticas de Fotogrametría
PLANIFICACION DE LA TOMA DE FOTOGRAFIAS Fecha 22/12/20
AEREAS Revisión 08/01/21
9
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑙 = 1.82 ≈ 2 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑠
Número total de fotografías
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑇 = 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑓 ∗ 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑙
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑇 = 10 ∗ 2
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑇 = 20 𝑓𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑓í𝑎𝑠
Actividad 2: Plan de toma de fotografías aéreas de la zona piloto empleando
software especializado
12. UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS ESPE Código: CIGMA.05.02
Ingeniería Geográfica y del Medio Ambiente Versión: V1.0
Manual de prácticas de Fotogrametría
PLANIFICACION DE LA TOMA DE FOTOGRAFIAS Fecha 22/12/20
AEREAS Revisión 08/01/21
10
Datos
Zona: Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas “ESPE” Bloques A y B
Escala del plano 1:100 Escala de la fotografía 1:500
Equipo: Dron PHANTON 4 Resolución 12 Mgpixel
Techo: 120 m
Traslape longitudinal 80% Traslape transversal 60%
Formato de la foto: 0.025 m Distancia focal: 0.025 m
Longitud del terreno: 90 m Ancho del terreno: 110 m
Cálculos
Cobertura de la fotografía
𝐿𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑜 ∗ 𝐸𝑓
𝐿𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 0.025 ∗ 500
𝐿𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 12.5 𝑚
𝐵 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑜 ∗ 𝐸𝑓 ∗ 𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝐵 = 0.025 ∗ 500 ∗ (1 − 0.8)
𝐵 = 2.5 𝑚
Separación entre líneas
𝐴 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑜 ∗ 𝐸𝑓 ∗ 𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙
𝐴 = 0.025 ∗ 500 ∗ (1 − 0.6)
𝐴 = 5 𝑚
Número de fotografías
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑓 = 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑/𝐵
13. UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS ESPE Código: CIGMA.05.02
Ingeniería Geográfica y del Medio Ambiente Versión: V1.0
Manual de prácticas de Fotogrametría
PLANIFICACION DE LA TOMA DE FOTOGRAFIAS Fecha 22/12/20
AEREAS Revisión 08/01/21
11
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑓 = 90/2.5
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑓 = 36
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑓 = 36 + 2 + 2 = 40 𝑓𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑠
Número de líneas
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑙 = 𝐴𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑜/𝐴
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑙 = 110/5
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑙 = 22 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑠
Número total de fotografías
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑇 = 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑓 ∗ 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑙
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑇 = 40 ∗ 22
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑇 = 880 𝑓𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑓í𝑎𝑠
Si el dron alcanza a tomar 250 fotos por vuelo, tiempo de vuelo aproximado 18 mins,
entonces:
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑉 = 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑇/250
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑉 = 880/250
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑉 = 3.52 ≈ 4 𝑣𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑠
7. Discusión
La aplicación de los planes de toma de fotografías aéreas se diferencian mucho
dependiendo si este es a mano, el primer caso, o automático y digital como la imagen de
PIX4D que presento en el segundo caso, aunque por la falta de un dron no se puede
observar el resultado completo del cálculo en la aplicación.
14. UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS ESPE Código: CIGMA.05.02
Ingeniería Geográfica y del Medio Ambiente Versión: V1.0
Manual de prácticas de Fotogrametría
PLANIFICACION DE LA TOMA DE FOTOGRAFIAS Fecha 22/12/20
AEREAS Revisión 08/01/21
12
Los datos recopilados de diferentes aplicaciones nos muestra que hay varias
limitaciones en especial respecto a los precios que muchas contienen a pesar de ser de
libre acceso, precio que esta puesto en pesos en la tabla presentada, a pesar de eso la
aplicación Pix4D usada para este trabajo fue de gran ayuda para obtener una visión
pequeña sobre cómo debería ser el funcionamiento de nuestros programas a futuro.
8. Conclusiones
El cumplimiento de los objetivos se realiza de manera parcial pues se llega a
comprender en gran medida lo que es el cálculo manual para el plan de toma de fotografías
pero por falta de medios y equipos no se puede completar la parte digital con el uso de la
aplicación de celular.
Se llega a captar como afecta las especificaciones de una cámara o de un dron en la
realización de la planificación pues bien podemos tomar una cantidad limitada de fotos
en un área grande como podemos hacer uso de un número grande de fotografías para
zonas más reducidas como son la actividad 1 y 2 respectivamente.
Según el cuadro comparativo observamos un poco más de libertad en cuanto a precios
por parte de aplicaciones como Altizure, y en gran medida el usado aquí Pix4D a pesar
de que este también cuenta con una versión pagada que mejora las herramientas que ya
se pueden utilizar en la versión gratis.
La generación de un plan apto es el primer paso para la realización de proyectos de
fotografía aérea por lo que en el primer caso, se podría ya entender las implicaciones
necesarias y poder llevar a cabo la elaboración de un cronograma y presupuesto con las
actividades pertinentes que nos ayude a realizar el proyecto.
15. UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS ESPE Código: CIGMA.05.02
Ingeniería Geográfica y del Medio Ambiente Versión: V1.0
Manual de prácticas de Fotogrametría
PLANIFICACION DE LA TOMA DE FOTOGRAFIAS Fecha 22/12/20
AEREAS Revisión 08/01/21
13
Bibliografía
Alfaro, S. (2017). Plan de vuelo fotogramétrico. Recuperado de:
https://prezi.com/vds0tvcpe9so/plan-de-vuelo-fotogrametrico/
Ideca. (2019). Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales de Bogotá. Recuperado de:
http://www.ideca.gov.co/recursos/glosario/resolucion-temporal
Instituto Geográfico Militar (2008). [Ebook] (pp. 2-4). Especificaciones Técnicas para
Ortofotos Digitales (Primer Borrador).. Recuperado de:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUK
Ewiu8uX1y4juAhWrp1kKHYInAvgQFjAMegQIExAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.g
eoportaligm.gob.ec%2Fportal%2F%3Fwpfb_dl%3D43&usg=AOvVaw2oytgKT8yQqU
KVSJ1ztChP
Guzman, J., Paternina, J., & Rofriguez, J. Vista de Estudio comparativo de Aplicaciones
Móviles (APP), en el error de medición con Aeronaves Pilotadas a Distancia (RPA) |
Ciencia y Poder Aéreo. Recuperado de:
https://publicacionesfac.com/index.php/cienciaypoderaereo/article/view/603/843
PIX4D. (2011). Pix4Dcapture: Aplicación gratuita de planificación de vuelos de drones
para un mapeo y modelado 3D óptimos. Recuperado de:
https://www.pix4d.com/es/producto/pix4dcapture
Wikipedia. (2019). Fotografía aérea y orbital. Recuperado de:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotografía_aérea_y_orbital
Zubrinic, F. Carpeta de trabajos prácticos: Teledetección forestal [Ebook] (p. 155).
Recuperado de: https://fcf.unse.edu.ar/archivos/lpr/pdf/p14.PDF