Research is a cautious consideration of phenomenon, a process of inquiry. It must be based on knowledge and not on beliefs. It is also a product of an experiment done. According to the American Sociologist Earl Robert Barbie, research is a systematic inquiry to describe, predict, and control the observed phenomena. 1. Empirical – Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher. 2. Logical - Research is based on valid procedures and principles. 3. Cyclical – Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem. 4. Analytical – Utilizes proven analytical procedure in gathering the data whether historical, descriptive and experimental and case study. 5. Critical – exhibits careful and precise judgement. 6. Methodical – Conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedures. 7. Replicability – The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive result.

1. Practical
Research 1
WEEK 1

2. Lesson Objectives:
After this lesson, students are able to:
• Describe characteristics, processes
and ethics of research,
• Shares a research experiences and
knowledge, and
• Appreciate, realize the importance of
research in daily life.

3. ● Research is a cautious consideration of
phenomenon, a process of inquiry. It must be
based on knowledge and not on beliefs. It is
also a product of an experiment done.
Research

4. ● According to the American
Sociologist Earl Robert Barbie,
research is a systematic inquiry to
describe, predict, and control the
observed phenomena.
Research

5. ● Research is a verified approach of thinking and
employing legalized instruments and steps to
obtain a more adequate solution to a problem
that is otherwise impossible to address under
ordinary means (Crawford, as cited by Alcantara
& Espina, 1995).
Research

6. What is the
significance of
research?

7. Significance of research
To make
changes
02
06
04 For a safer life
To explore our
history
To accumulate
essential
information
01
05
03 To enhance the
standard of
living
To know the
truth
07 To understand the
arts

8. Categories of
research

9. ● Focused on improving
the understanding of a
particular
phenomenon, study,
law of nature.
● This type of research
examines data to find
the unknown and fulfill
the sense of curiosity.
Basic
Research ● A type of examination
looking to find
practical solutions for
existing problems.
● Findings are
applicable and usually
implemented upon
completion of a study.
Applied
Research

10. ● A study looking at how
alcohol consumptions
impact the brain
● A study on the
origination of
cryptocurrency
● A study looking to see
if gender stereotypes
lead to depression
Basic
Research ● A study on how to
improve illiteracy in
teenagers
● A study looking for ways
to market products for
millennials
● A study trying to
decrease fraud in social
media flatforms
Applied
Research

11. Characteristics
of research
Prieto, et.al. (2017) stated that the following are
the major characteristics of research:

12. Characteristics of
research
1. Empirical – Research is based on direct
experience or observation by the researcher.
2. Logical - Research is based on valid
procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical – Research is a cyclical process
because it starts with a problem and ends with
a problem.

13. Characteristics of
research
4. Analytical – Utilizes proven analytical
procedure in gathering the data whether
historical, descriptive and experimental and
case study.
5. Critical – exhibits careful and precise
judgement.

14. Characteristics of
research
6. Methodical – Conducted in a methodical
manner without bias using systematic method
and procedures.
7. Replicability – The research design and
procedures are replicated or repeated to
enable the researcher to arrive at valid and
conclusive result.

15. The Research
Process
Prieto, et.al. (2017) also added that the following are
involved in the Research Processes:

16. The Research Process
1. Define research problem: What is the
problem?
2. Review of related literature: What
evidence is already presented?
3. Formulating hypothesis: How are we
going to find/look for the answer to questions
being studied?

17. The Research Process
4. Research design: Where will the study be shown
and with what population?
5. Collecting data: Are we ready to gather the data?
Where do we find the data?
6. Analyzing data: How do the data answer the
research queries?
7. Interpret and report: What are the implications of
the results?

18. Ethical Codes and Policies
for Research, Resnik, 2007

19. Ethical Codes and Policies
for Research, Resnik, 2007
Honesty Maintain all communication. Data should not
be faked.
Objectivity Avoid biases in experimental designs, data
analysis, interpretation, expert testimony,
and other aspects of research.
Integrity Keep your promises and agreements.

20. Carefulness Avoid careless errors and negligence.
Openness Share data, results, ideas and tools. Be
open to criticism and new ideas
Confidentiality Protect confidential communication.
Responsible
Publication
Avoid duplicating publications.
Responsible
Mentoring
Help to educate, mentor, and advise
others.

21. Respect
Colleagues
Treat all peers fairly.
Social
Responsibility
Strive to promote social good. Avoid
social harm
Non-
Discrimination
avoid discrimination against colleagues or
students on the basis of sex, races,
ethnicity, and or others.
Legality Be informed and obey relevant laws and
institutional governmental policies.

22. Respect of
Intellectual
Property
Give proper acknowledgment or credits
to all researchers.
Human
Subject
Minimize risks that involve human lives,
dignity, and privacy.

23. ANSWER THESE
● 1. Which among the characteristics of research is based on
observations and experiments of theories?
● 2. Which among the characteristics of research refers to being
unbiased and logical?
● 3. Which among its characteristics shows analytical procedures
in gathering the data?
● 4. What do you call a verified approach of thinking and
employing legalized instruments?

24. ANSWER THESE
● 5. What do you call a type of research that needs an answer to a
specific question?
● 6. Which kind of research requires less or smaller sample size?
● 7. Which kind of research is more concerned with words,
proofs’evidences?
● 8 - 10. I have learned that research _________________________
________________________________________________________
___
________________________________________________________
___.

25. ANSWER THESE
● Complete the diagram given below using your own
words.
QUANTITATIV
E
1.
2.
QUALITATIV
E
1.
2.
1.