The document discusses strategies for climate responsive design, outlining different climates and how building form, structure, materials and systems can be optimized to moderate internal conditions and maximize occupant comfort based on location and climate factors like temperature, humidity, wind and sunlight. Different chapters explore considerations for roofs, walls, floors, ventilation and more with the goal of integrating environmental principles into design.
The document discusses the impact of climate on architectural design. It begins by explaining that all living creatures depend on suitable climate conditions and that humans have long sought to control their interior environments. Climate is one of the most important factors influencing both architecture and urban planning. The document then examines how architectural design should be based on climatic data and conditions. It discusses how design is affected by macro, mezzo, and micro climates as well as factors like sun, wind, and precipitation. The paper also analyzes how urban planning and building design should respond to different climate regions like cold, mild, and hot-humid areas. Overall, the document stresses the importance of considering climate in architectural design to provide comfortable indoor environments while efficiently using
Growing and potential impacts of climate change, such as flooding in coastal areas, change in weather patterns, and melting of the permafrost have created new challenges for the engineering and construction industry. These challenges involve adaptation in the design and construction of projects to address these impacts, as well as developing ways to reduce and controlling greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to mitigate climate change.
Engineering has the lead responsibility for determining the technical feasibility and cost parameters to overcome these challenges. Engineering and construction projects are implemented with the help of a set of standard documents that lay out the work process of the projects. They include standard design detail drawings, standard design criteria, standard specifications, design guides and work process flow diagrams. Incorporating in these standard documents materials and processes which assist project engineers to identify and assess climate change related impacts can be a major step in effectively preparing to meet the challenges of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
The document discusses top lighting as a daylighting strategy. It defines top lighting as using openings located at the roof plane to admit daylight. It describes different types of top lighting like skylights, clerestories, and sawtooth roofs. Top lighting is well-suited for overcast skies and single-story buildings. Advantages include coordinated electric lighting and expressive building forms. Drawbacks can include visual discomfort from direct sun and lack of exterior views. The design process involves setting daylight factor targets, arranging spaces under roof openings, selecting aperture types, and adding shading as needed.
This document provides an overview of green building seminar report that discusses key elements of green buildings including siting, energy efficiency, passive solar design, renewable energy, and material efficiency. It describes various methods and materials used in green construction for sites, structures, floors, roofs, insulation, and more. Indoor environmental quality guidelines are also covered, focusing on durability, reusability, and reducing indoor pollutants. The conclusion emphasizes that green building design is important for environmental protection and benefits owners through reduced costs.
Need of climate responsive measures for buildingsSukhneet Kaur
This document discusses the need for climate responsive design in buildings. It defines climate responsive design as designing buildings to harmonize with the local climate and site conditions to reduce ecological impacts and increase energy efficiency. It discusses how vernacular designs evolved to be climate sensitive and provides examples of climate responsive design features like sun shading, natural ventilation. The document emphasizes that climate responsive design benefits both the environment and occupants by increasing comfort while reducing energy costs and emissions. It outlines factors to consider in climate sensitive design like orientation, glazing selection, natural ventilation.
The document discusses sustainable design considerations for tall buildings. It explains that tall buildings have higher energy and resource needs than low-rise buildings. Sustainable design can help address this issue by minimizing impacts. Key aspects of sustainable tall building design include using renewable materials and energy sources to reduce costs and environmental impacts. Design must also consider efficient water and energy use, healthy indoor environments, and cultural/social factors. Techniques like passive solar orientation, natural ventilation, and green energy technologies can contribute to more sustainable tall structures.
The document discusses the impact of climate on architectural design. It begins by explaining that all living creatures depend on suitable climate conditions and that humans have long sought to control their interior environments. Climate is one of the most important factors influencing both architecture and urban planning. The document then examines how architectural design should be based on climatic data and conditions. It discusses how design is affected by macro, mezzo, and micro climates as well as factors like sun, wind, and precipitation. The paper also analyzes how urban planning and building design should respond to different climate regions like cold, mild, and hot-humid areas. Overall, the document stresses the importance of considering climate in architectural design to provide comfortable indoor environments while efficiently using
Growing and potential impacts of climate change, such as flooding in coastal areas, change in weather patterns, and melting of the permafrost have created new challenges for the engineering and construction industry. These challenges involve adaptation in the design and construction of projects to address these impacts, as well as developing ways to reduce and controlling greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to mitigate climate change.
Engineering has the lead responsibility for determining the technical feasibility and cost parameters to overcome these challenges. Engineering and construction projects are implemented with the help of a set of standard documents that lay out the work process of the projects. They include standard design detail drawings, standard design criteria, standard specifications, design guides and work process flow diagrams. Incorporating in these standard documents materials and processes which assist project engineers to identify and assess climate change related impacts can be a major step in effectively preparing to meet the challenges of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
The document discusses top lighting as a daylighting strategy. It defines top lighting as using openings located at the roof plane to admit daylight. It describes different types of top lighting like skylights, clerestories, and sawtooth roofs. Top lighting is well-suited for overcast skies and single-story buildings. Advantages include coordinated electric lighting and expressive building forms. Drawbacks can include visual discomfort from direct sun and lack of exterior views. The design process involves setting daylight factor targets, arranging spaces under roof openings, selecting aperture types, and adding shading as needed.
This document provides an overview of green building seminar report that discusses key elements of green buildings including siting, energy efficiency, passive solar design, renewable energy, and material efficiency. It describes various methods and materials used in green construction for sites, structures, floors, roofs, insulation, and more. Indoor environmental quality guidelines are also covered, focusing on durability, reusability, and reducing indoor pollutants. The conclusion emphasizes that green building design is important for environmental protection and benefits owners through reduced costs.
Need of climate responsive measures for buildingsSukhneet Kaur
This document discusses the need for climate responsive design in buildings. It defines climate responsive design as designing buildings to harmonize with the local climate and site conditions to reduce ecological impacts and increase energy efficiency. It discusses how vernacular designs evolved to be climate sensitive and provides examples of climate responsive design features like sun shading, natural ventilation. The document emphasizes that climate responsive design benefits both the environment and occupants by increasing comfort while reducing energy costs and emissions. It outlines factors to consider in climate sensitive design like orientation, glazing selection, natural ventilation.
The document discusses sustainable design considerations for tall buildings. It explains that tall buildings have higher energy and resource needs than low-rise buildings. Sustainable design can help address this issue by minimizing impacts. Key aspects of sustainable tall building design include using renewable materials and energy sources to reduce costs and environmental impacts. Design must also consider efficient water and energy use, healthy indoor environments, and cultural/social factors. Techniques like passive solar orientation, natural ventilation, and green energy technologies can contribute to more sustainable tall structures.
This document proposes a methodology to investigate the effects of strategic vegetation planting on the thermal performance of housing in a tropical environment. The study aims to quantify the temperature reduction and energy savings potential of vegetation for the average tropical residence. The methodology involves examining different planting patterns and structures, quantifying the relationship between vegetation and building energy use through simulations and field measurements, and developing design guidelines based on the results. The research will be conducted on single-family homes in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to analyze the impacts of surrounding vegetation of different ages.
The document discusses sustainable or green buildings and energy efficiency in buildings. It provides definitions of sustainable buildings and outlines their objectives to reduce environmental impact through efficient energy, water and resource use. It also discusses how sustainable buildings are rated internationally using LEED and locally in Malaysia using GBI. Examples of certified sustainable buildings are given from various countries. Benefits and challenges of sustainable buildings are highlighted. Key elements like design efficiency, energy efficiency, water efficiency etc. are explained. Energy efficiency in buildings is a major focus, outlining strategies used in sample projects from Malaysia, Japan and China to improve efficiency. Challenges to implementing greater energy efficiency are also noted.
The document discusses a case study that uses the PIEVC process to assess the effects of climate change on buildings. It summarizes the 5 steps of the PIEVC protocol: 1) define the project, 2) gather data, 3) assess risk, 4) engineering analysis, and 5) recommendations. It then provides details of steps 1-3 as applied to a sample 16-story residential building in Toronto, identifying key climate change risks like increased temperature, rainfall, and need for air conditioning. Components at medium-high risk included grounds/drainage, the building envelope, and mechanical drainage systems.
grenn architecture, concept of sustainability, green architecture journalism, introduction of green architecture, principle of green building design, natural buildings, passive solar design, green building material, living architecture, green walls, green building benefits, methodology of green architecture.
Window tinting is an affordable way for you to make your home more energy efficient and pays for itself in about 3 years. Read more here: https://www.scottishwindowtinting.com/window-film/energy-efficiency/lower-energy-costs-in-2019/
Window film is a way to make your Fort Worth home more energy efficient in 2019 and save you a fair amount of money on utilities for years to come! Read more:https://www.greenlightwindowfilms.com/energy-efficient-window-film/window-film-energy-efficiency/
Impact of window films on the overall energy consumption studyFortWorthWindowFilm1
This study evaluates the impact of window films on the energy consumption of an existing UK hotel building using dynamic simulation software. A Hilton hotel in Reading, UK is used as a case study. The hotel model is developed using collected data and its energy consumption is validated against actual usage. Window films are then incorporated into the model. The results show that window films reduce annual cooling energy by up to 35% but increase heating energy by 2%. Overall, window films lower total energy consumption by around 2% and provide cost and CO2 emissions savings of up to 3%.
Window film is a way to make your Denver home more energy efficient in 2019 and save you a fair amount of money on utilities for years to come! Read more here:https://www.scottishwindowtinting.com/denver-window-film/window-film-energy-efficiency/
Impact of window films on the overall energy consumption studywindowfilmkansascity
Energy Efficiency is an important part of homeownership not only because it is a green solution but because it saves money too! Read more at: https://www.windowfilmkansascity.com/window-tinting-benefits/energy-efficient-window-film/the-benefits-of-window-film/
Energy Efficiency is an important part of homeownership not only because it is a green solution but because it saves money too! Read more here:https://www.scottishwindowtinting.com/fort-collins-window-film/understanding-the-benefits-of-energy-audits-and-window-film/
Impact of window films on the overall energy consumption studydallaswindowfilm
Window film is a way to make your Dallas home more energy efficient in 2019 and save you a fair amount of money on utilities for years to come! Read more: https://www.dallaswindowfilm.com/window-tinting-benefits/energy-efficiency/window-film-energy-efficiency/
This study evaluates the impact of window films on the energy consumption of an existing UK hotel building using dynamic simulation software. A Hilton hotel in Reading, UK is used as a case study. The hotel model is developed using collected data and its energy consumption is validated against actual usage. Window films are then incorporated into the model. The results show that window films reduce annual cooling energy by up to 35% but increase heating energy by 2%, for an overall energy reduction of around 2%. Window films can also provide cost and CO2 emissions savings of up to 3%.
Window tinting is an affordable way for you to make your home more energy efficient and pays for itself in about 3 years. https://www.commercialwindowtintingsaltlake.com/energy-efficient-window-film-2019/
Impact of window films on the overall energy consumption studywindowfilmhouston
Window film is a way to make your Austin home more energy efficient in 2019 and save you a fair amount of money on utilities for years to come! Read more:https://www.windowfilmaustin.net/window-tinting-benefits/energy-efficient-window-tint/window-film-energy-efficiency/
Green roofs, external and internal walls - Hulfarin Keren & Nbewany SallyTagit Klimor
This document provides an introduction and literature review on green roofs and walls. It begins with background on the need for more sustainable building practices given issues like the urban heat island effect. It then defines green roofs and walls, describing their benefits such as improved thermal regulation of buildings, reduced air and water pollution, and decreased energy demands. The document reviews literature on green roof retrofitting around the world and their performance in different climates. It presents case studies and a discussion of the topic, ultimately concluding that green roofs and walls can help address sustainability challenges in cities if their long term environmental and economic benefits are considered.
LH Ismail (2007). An evaluation of bioclimatic high rise office buildings in a tropical climate: energy consumption and users' satisfaction in selected office buildings in Malaysia. PhD Thesis, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
The document compares the thermal performance of Madras terrace roofing and concrete roofing (RCC) in the warm, humid climate of Coimbatore, India. An experiment was conducted on a residence with both roof types over 3 weeks in summer. Outdoor and indoor temperatures and humidity were recorded every 2 hours. Results showed RCC roofing gained more heat than Madras terrace roofing during the day. Peak indoor temperatures under RCC roofing were often 2-3°C higher. Therefore, Madras terrace roofing provided better thermal comfort for occupants in this climate compared to RCC roofing.
This document provides an overview of eco-labels. It defines eco-labels as labels given to products that are deemed more environmentally friendly than similar products based on criteria set by certification bodies. Eco-labels aim to make it easier for consumers to consider the environmental impact of products when shopping. Several examples of eco-label programs are described, including the Blue Angel program in Germany, the Nordic Eco Label, and the EU Eco Label. Benefits of eco-labeling include informing consumers, promoting more sustainable production and consumption, and guiding the market toward greater environmental protection.
Bioclimatic design at the site planning scaleKomal Arora
Bioclimatic design aims to create buildings and spaces that meet energy needs without harming the environment. It focuses on integrating architectural design with local climate conditions like sunlight, wind and vegetation. Key principles include considering the local weather, reducing energy usage, and using passive solar heating and natural ventilation. Examples of bioclimatic design techniques at the site planning scale include using landforms and plants for wind protection, shading, and directing summer breezes to naturally condition outdoor spaces and buildings.
Sustainable Energy Resource Buildings: Some Relevant Feautures for Built Envi...IJERA Editor
Energy has become a critical issue in national and global economic development. Its crucial importance to the nation’s building makes the development of energy resources one of the leading agenda of the present democratic government of Nigeria, towards lifting the nation to the comity of twenty (20) nations with the fastest growing economy in 2020. In achieving this, the building industry and in particular the architectural profession has a leading role to play in adopting education, designs, materials, and technology capable of reducing energy consumption in building within tropic region. This paper, therefore, appraises the important features of energy performance building through the use of sustainable innovative materials and technology that respond to climate condition while being environmentally friendly.
The document provides information about an urban design project for a 16.7 hectare site located in Bule Hora University, Ethiopia. It analyzes the existing conditions of the site, including land use, road networks, noise levels, slopes, and street lighting. Key issues identified include unproper settlement, densely populated areas, narrow and winding streets, lack of parking, high traffic, flooding in sloped areas, and poor street conditions. The project objectives are to analyze the existing situation, identify gaps in previous plans, solve spatial problems, develop a vision and strategies, and provide planning solutions based on the findings.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. It notes that regular exercise can reduce the risk of diseases like heart disease and diabetes, improve mood, and reduce feelings of stress and anxiety. The document recommends that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise per week to gain these benefits.
This document proposes a methodology to investigate the effects of strategic vegetation planting on the thermal performance of housing in a tropical environment. The study aims to quantify the temperature reduction and energy savings potential of vegetation for the average tropical residence. The methodology involves examining different planting patterns and structures, quantifying the relationship between vegetation and building energy use through simulations and field measurements, and developing design guidelines based on the results. The research will be conducted on single-family homes in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to analyze the impacts of surrounding vegetation of different ages.
The document discusses sustainable or green buildings and energy efficiency in buildings. It provides definitions of sustainable buildings and outlines their objectives to reduce environmental impact through efficient energy, water and resource use. It also discusses how sustainable buildings are rated internationally using LEED and locally in Malaysia using GBI. Examples of certified sustainable buildings are given from various countries. Benefits and challenges of sustainable buildings are highlighted. Key elements like design efficiency, energy efficiency, water efficiency etc. are explained. Energy efficiency in buildings is a major focus, outlining strategies used in sample projects from Malaysia, Japan and China to improve efficiency. Challenges to implementing greater energy efficiency are also noted.
The document discusses a case study that uses the PIEVC process to assess the effects of climate change on buildings. It summarizes the 5 steps of the PIEVC protocol: 1) define the project, 2) gather data, 3) assess risk, 4) engineering analysis, and 5) recommendations. It then provides details of steps 1-3 as applied to a sample 16-story residential building in Toronto, identifying key climate change risks like increased temperature, rainfall, and need for air conditioning. Components at medium-high risk included grounds/drainage, the building envelope, and mechanical drainage systems.
grenn architecture, concept of sustainability, green architecture journalism, introduction of green architecture, principle of green building design, natural buildings, passive solar design, green building material, living architecture, green walls, green building benefits, methodology of green architecture.
Window tinting is an affordable way for you to make your home more energy efficient and pays for itself in about 3 years. Read more here: https://www.scottishwindowtinting.com/window-film/energy-efficiency/lower-energy-costs-in-2019/
Window film is a way to make your Fort Worth home more energy efficient in 2019 and save you a fair amount of money on utilities for years to come! Read more:https://www.greenlightwindowfilms.com/energy-efficient-window-film/window-film-energy-efficiency/
Impact of window films on the overall energy consumption studyFortWorthWindowFilm1
This study evaluates the impact of window films on the energy consumption of an existing UK hotel building using dynamic simulation software. A Hilton hotel in Reading, UK is used as a case study. The hotel model is developed using collected data and its energy consumption is validated against actual usage. Window films are then incorporated into the model. The results show that window films reduce annual cooling energy by up to 35% but increase heating energy by 2%. Overall, window films lower total energy consumption by around 2% and provide cost and CO2 emissions savings of up to 3%.
Window film is a way to make your Denver home more energy efficient in 2019 and save you a fair amount of money on utilities for years to come! Read more here:https://www.scottishwindowtinting.com/denver-window-film/window-film-energy-efficiency/
Impact of window films on the overall energy consumption studywindowfilmkansascity
Energy Efficiency is an important part of homeownership not only because it is a green solution but because it saves money too! Read more at: https://www.windowfilmkansascity.com/window-tinting-benefits/energy-efficient-window-film/the-benefits-of-window-film/
Energy Efficiency is an important part of homeownership not only because it is a green solution but because it saves money too! Read more here:https://www.scottishwindowtinting.com/fort-collins-window-film/understanding-the-benefits-of-energy-audits-and-window-film/
Impact of window films on the overall energy consumption studydallaswindowfilm
Window film is a way to make your Dallas home more energy efficient in 2019 and save you a fair amount of money on utilities for years to come! Read more: https://www.dallaswindowfilm.com/window-tinting-benefits/energy-efficiency/window-film-energy-efficiency/
This study evaluates the impact of window films on the energy consumption of an existing UK hotel building using dynamic simulation software. A Hilton hotel in Reading, UK is used as a case study. The hotel model is developed using collected data and its energy consumption is validated against actual usage. Window films are then incorporated into the model. The results show that window films reduce annual cooling energy by up to 35% but increase heating energy by 2%, for an overall energy reduction of around 2%. Window films can also provide cost and CO2 emissions savings of up to 3%.
Window tinting is an affordable way for you to make your home more energy efficient and pays for itself in about 3 years. https://www.commercialwindowtintingsaltlake.com/energy-efficient-window-film-2019/
Impact of window films on the overall energy consumption studywindowfilmhouston
Window film is a way to make your Austin home more energy efficient in 2019 and save you a fair amount of money on utilities for years to come! Read more:https://www.windowfilmaustin.net/window-tinting-benefits/energy-efficient-window-tint/window-film-energy-efficiency/
Green roofs, external and internal walls - Hulfarin Keren & Nbewany SallyTagit Klimor
This document provides an introduction and literature review on green roofs and walls. It begins with background on the need for more sustainable building practices given issues like the urban heat island effect. It then defines green roofs and walls, describing their benefits such as improved thermal regulation of buildings, reduced air and water pollution, and decreased energy demands. The document reviews literature on green roof retrofitting around the world and their performance in different climates. It presents case studies and a discussion of the topic, ultimately concluding that green roofs and walls can help address sustainability challenges in cities if their long term environmental and economic benefits are considered.
LH Ismail (2007). An evaluation of bioclimatic high rise office buildings in a tropical climate: energy consumption and users' satisfaction in selected office buildings in Malaysia. PhD Thesis, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
The document compares the thermal performance of Madras terrace roofing and concrete roofing (RCC) in the warm, humid climate of Coimbatore, India. An experiment was conducted on a residence with both roof types over 3 weeks in summer. Outdoor and indoor temperatures and humidity were recorded every 2 hours. Results showed RCC roofing gained more heat than Madras terrace roofing during the day. Peak indoor temperatures under RCC roofing were often 2-3°C higher. Therefore, Madras terrace roofing provided better thermal comfort for occupants in this climate compared to RCC roofing.
This document provides an overview of eco-labels. It defines eco-labels as labels given to products that are deemed more environmentally friendly than similar products based on criteria set by certification bodies. Eco-labels aim to make it easier for consumers to consider the environmental impact of products when shopping. Several examples of eco-label programs are described, including the Blue Angel program in Germany, the Nordic Eco Label, and the EU Eco Label. Benefits of eco-labeling include informing consumers, promoting more sustainable production and consumption, and guiding the market toward greater environmental protection.
Bioclimatic design at the site planning scaleKomal Arora
Bioclimatic design aims to create buildings and spaces that meet energy needs without harming the environment. It focuses on integrating architectural design with local climate conditions like sunlight, wind and vegetation. Key principles include considering the local weather, reducing energy usage, and using passive solar heating and natural ventilation. Examples of bioclimatic design techniques at the site planning scale include using landforms and plants for wind protection, shading, and directing summer breezes to naturally condition outdoor spaces and buildings.
Sustainable Energy Resource Buildings: Some Relevant Feautures for Built Envi...IJERA Editor
Energy has become a critical issue in national and global economic development. Its crucial importance to the nation’s building makes the development of energy resources one of the leading agenda of the present democratic government of Nigeria, towards lifting the nation to the comity of twenty (20) nations with the fastest growing economy in 2020. In achieving this, the building industry and in particular the architectural profession has a leading role to play in adopting education, designs, materials, and technology capable of reducing energy consumption in building within tropic region. This paper, therefore, appraises the important features of energy performance building through the use of sustainable innovative materials and technology that respond to climate condition while being environmentally friendly.
The document provides information about an urban design project for a 16.7 hectare site located in Bule Hora University, Ethiopia. It analyzes the existing conditions of the site, including land use, road networks, noise levels, slopes, and street lighting. Key issues identified include unproper settlement, densely populated areas, narrow and winding streets, lack of parking, high traffic, flooding in sloped areas, and poor street conditions. The project objectives are to analyze the existing situation, identify gaps in previous plans, solve spatial problems, develop a vision and strategies, and provide planning solutions based on the findings.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. It notes that regular exercise can reduce the risk of diseases like heart disease and diabetes, improve mood, and reduce feelings of stress and anxiety. The document recommends that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise per week to gain these benefits.
This document discusses appropriate building technology coursework submitted by three students. It covers several topics:
1. The history and advantages of prefabrication, including its use since ancient times and benefits like faster construction. Limitations include high transportation costs for large sections. Prefabrication is relevant in Ethiopia due to a construction materials deficit.
2. Modern reinforced concrete framing provides strength, economy, versatility and other benefits. Frames consist of horizontal beams and vertical columns connected by rigid joints.
3. Different types of wood used in Ethiopian construction are described, including their working properties and applications. Examples include Albizia and Acacia species.
4. Brick types, constituents of good
lecture 5 - Technical Specifications and MM.pptxBossGold
The document provides technical specifications and measurement methods for various construction works including:
- Excavation and earthworks such as site clearance, bulk excavation, backfilling, and disposal of surplus material.
- Concrete work including mixing, placing, curing, formwork, and reinforcement. Concrete is measured by volume.
- Reinforcement including storage, fixing, tying and measurement by weight.
Urban planning aims to provide an organized spatial structure for activities and land uses. Ebenezer Howard proposed the "Garden City" concept with self-contained towns of 32,000 residents surrounded by greenbelts. Le Corbusier envisioned high-density "Radiant Cities" with segregated zones for housing, work, and recreation connected by transportation infrastructure. Both aimed to address issues of overcrowding and pollution in industrial cities by proposing new models for urban form and design.
The document discusses the Periodic Reporting exercise in support of implementing the 5Cs Strategic Objectives of the World Heritage Convention. It provides background on the establishment of the 5Cs - Credibility, Conservation, Capacity-building, Communication, and Communities. The Periodic Reporting exercise helps achieve the 5Cs by strengthening the credibility of the World Heritage list, enhancing conservation of properties, improving capacity and awareness, and increasing community involvement. It serves as both an opportunity and tool to monitor conservation and identify needs and challenges facing World Heritage implementation.
Ancient Egyptian art developed over 3,000 years of civilization along the Nile River. Key features included hieroglyphic writing, sculpture depicting pharaohs and gods in rigid frontal stances, and wall paintings in tombs and temples that depicted daily life. Egyptians created artwork from materials like gold, turquoise, and lapis lazuli to adorn sculptures, coffins, and other objects for pharaohs to use in the afterlife. The first great architect was Imhotep, who designed the step pyramid for King Zoser around 2600 BC.
The Sumerian civilization arose in Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. They developed irrigation systems to control seasonal flooding and established city-states. Writing emerged through the development of cuneiform script pressed into clay tablets. Laws were codified under Hammurabi to govern social hierarchies and resolve disputes. Mesopotamian culture contributed innovations in mathematics, science, and literature.
The document introduces the ICOMOS Ireland team and provides context for the World Heritage Tentative List Workshop. It summarizes feedback from a previous questionnaire which identified key challenges such as defining boundaries, managing multiple stakeholders for serial nominations, and limited resources. ICOMOS's role as an advisory body to UNESCO is described. The workshop aims to address issues like serial nominations and developing effective management plans. Maintaining local support and momentum throughout the lengthy World Heritage nomination process is also emphasized.
This document discusses thermal control and HVAC systems. It covers the objectives of active thermal control systems, the principles of heating and air conditioning, when HVAC is necessary, problems with active design, architectural implications, zoning considerations, major parts of HVAC systems, mechanical heating and cooling cycles, selection criteria, recommended applications in different climates, and comparisons of passive versus active building design approaches. The key points are that HVAC aims to provide precisely controlled indoor climate regardless of outdoor conditions, and that the need for HVAC depends on factors like occupant comfort, climate, building design, and costs.
The document provides an overview of a lecture on architectural theory. It begins by defining architecture and its role in satisfying human needs functionally, aesthetically, and psychologically. It then introduces various functional aspects of architecture like site, structure, skin, circulation, and services. Finally, it discusses the formal vocabulary of architecture and introduces Gestalt ideas of visual perception, including figure-ground principles and Gestalt laws of organization.
The document discusses different types of foundations for buildings. It describes shallow foundations, which are near the surface, and deep foundations, which are deeper. Shallow foundations include spread footings, combined footings, strap footings, and mat/raft foundations. Deep foundations include pile foundations, which transfer load through friction or end bearing, and pier foundations. The document provides details on different types of piles based on material, function, and construction method.
This document discusses the profession of architecture and the practice of architectural work. It begins by defining professional practice as the art of applying skills learned through professional education. It then discusses the evolution of architectural practice from ancient times, when architects were also builders, to current times, where projects require diverse professionals working collaboratively. The architect's role is to lead the design team by coordinating the work of many disciplines. Trends in architectural practice now include sustainability, social responsibility, civic engagement, global collaboration, and linking academia to practice through multidisciplinary work and new technologies.
This document discusses professional codes of conduct for architects. It defines ethics and outlines different theories of ethics like absolutism and relativism. It states that codes of ethics establish professional standards of behavior to guide architects. The primary goals of codes are to protect the public, care for vulnerable groups, promote social welfare, and advance the profession. Compliance with codes, norms, rules, principles and moral values are discussed. International, national, and professional association codes are mentioned, including their role in bringing professionals together, providing resources, promoting the value of the profession, and conducting advocacy. Key principles around general obligations, public interest, client obligations, and obligations to the profession are outlined.
Fast urban growth in developing countries is characterized by issues like housing shortages, lack of infrastructure and services, unemployment, and unsafe environments. In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, condominium housing was introduced to address critical housing problems like insufficient stock and deteriorating conditions. The 97-hectare Jemo-II site in western Addis Ababa was selected for a condominium development project to maximize housing, introduce efficient construction, and improve urban quality. A neighborhood development plan was created for Jemo-II based on site analysis, with proposals for land use, roads, utilities, building typologies, and parcel layouts to address the site conditions and create an integrated community.
This document discusses various types of urban planning and their key characteristics. It identifies 7 major types of urban planning: 1) Master/Comprehensive Planning, 2) Structure Planning, 3) Strategic Planning, 4) Basic Plan, 5) Local Development Planning, 6) Action Planning, and 7) Development Planning. For each type, it provides details on their legal basis, spatial scale, study requirements, and time span. It also discusses concepts like urban renewal, upgrading, and land development processes. Participatory planning principles and tools are outlined as well.
This document provides details about an urban design project for a neighborhood in Ambo, Ethiopia. It includes background information on Ambo, objectives of the project, methodology, existing conditions analysis of the site including land use, vegetation, topography and infrastructure. It also provides case studies of urban design projects in other areas as references. The overall goal is to prepare a neighborhood development plan for the site that addresses issues like inadequate transportation and improper land use.
The document discusses several Building Information Modeling (BIM) platforms, tools, and environments. It provides details on Revit, Bentley Architecture, ArchiCAD, Digital Project, Vectorworks, Tekla Structures, and AutoCAD-based applications. For each, it summarizes their capabilities as a tool, platform, and environment for BIM design.
The document provides an overview of BIM fundamentals and uses in construction projects. It discusses key concepts like Level of Development (LOD) and the 5 dimensions of BIM models (3D, 4D, 5D, 6D). Various BIM uses in construction are described, including existing conditions modeling, cost estimation, phase planning, site utilization planning, coordination/clash detection, construction system design, digital fabrication, 3D control/planning, and record modeling. Requirements, benefits, and skills needed for each use are outlined. BIM and procurement in a Design-Bid-Build approach is also briefly covered.
AAHDP_BOLE-SUMMIT Presentation Nove 5.pptxBossGold
Fast urban growth is challenging for developing countries. Addis Ababa is one of the fastest growing cities in sub-Saharan Africa and faces critical housing problems like lack of housing, infrastructure, and basic services. To address these issues, the Addis Ababa Housing Development Project Office was formed and introduced condominium housing. The AAHDPO is leading several condominium housing projects, including the recently inaugurated Mickey Leyland site. This document discusses the proposed development of the Bole-Summit housing site, including the site analysis, proposed land use plan, road network, neighborhood design, and building typologies.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
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2. Chapter one: Introduction
Climate responsive design is based on the way a building form and structure moderates the
climate for human good and well-being. It requires then both analytical and synthesis skills to
optimize the relationship between the site, climate, and briefing requirements.
Moderate and hot humid climates
Global climatic parameters
Climate responsive design uses climate as a form determinate. Here, three climate types are
defined-hot, humid, hot dry and moderate. This classification defines the global climatic
parameters in which the building is located.
Building context and microclimate
Integrating these basic strategies within the building
1.3 Climate responsive and environmental sustainable design
This means considering environmental principles such as:
1. Maintain and restore biodiversity.
2. Minimize the consumption of resources.
3. Maximize the health, safety and comfort of building users.
5. Increase awareness of environmental issues.
3. The ‘man-made universal climate’ and the natural climate
The self-evident feature of traditional architecture is that it uses the natural climate. The
modification of climate is through the building form, fabric and landscape. The
architectural consequence of air-conditioning is that building form and fabric makes a
barrier to the exterior and the connection to climate is lost.
Bioclimatic design and strategic design
The designer has to consider quire clearly the design decisions regarding the building
context.
Design issues and building elements
The examination and reflection of climate design follows a strategic framework through roof,
sections, walls, and floors.
4. Chapter 2: Warm Climates and the
building context
Climate is related to the atmospheric conditions of temperature, humidity,
wind, vegetation and light specific to a geographical location.
The nature of warm climates
In Winter the land will cool, causing high
pressure systems
In Summer it heats up causing areas of air to
rise giving creating low pressure systems
Climate investigation
It is made up of 3 stages:
Stage 1: Climatic meteorological data collection
Stage 2: Bioclimatic comparative analysis
Stage 3: selection of climate modification strategies
Building form and climate matching
there is a strong relationship between site,
climate and the elements of building in the
generation of the building form.
Building context and microclimate
Determine the modification to the macroclimatic
conditions. The factors affected mostly by the
site are as follows:
Temperature- radiation- airflow- evaporative
cooling.
5. The Urban context
Site data and analysis
Site strategies for the city and urban climate require careful consideration:
-Wind flow and localized building effects for summer cooling and winter discomfort
-Sun path, sun angles, site shading and shadow
-Lighting effects such as reflection and absorption
-Acoustic levels and air pollution
-Pedestrian and vehicular circulation
-Topography
-Vegetation
-Rain exposure and water run off
-Air temperature, location of hot spots and cool spots
The density of building increases substantially. Also the function of building shifts from domestic
scale buildings to non-domestic scale, multi-use building with a greater demand for air-
conditioning.
A number of feature effect this urban climate
At the macroscale , the fabric and spatial extent of urban context effects temperatures, humidity
wind and solar radiation.
At the microscale the design feature of the urban context such as density land coverage height
of building orientation and width of streets , the location of parks and open spaces.
6. Chapter 3: Climate Responsive
Design
Sustainable design:
This is attained by choosing wisely the materials
and building systems in terms of energy use
So the question most architects ask is, “how can we
solve the environmental issues in a way that it becomes
integrated with our design?”
A method of resolving this problem is to use an
environmental framework.
Environmental Framework:
-The geography of the site.
-The climate at the site and operational energy
demands.
-The potential for reuse or recycling of materials.
Climate responsive design strategies:
Ordering and Prioritizing Design Strategies:
Climate responsive design strategies and
tactics:
Example for sustainable and climate
responsive design:
7. Design approach:
Conjecture, analyze, and testing
Conceptual Building and Design Resolution
Interdisciplinary Design Teams
Design Assessment and building Modeling
Design Performance Measures:
Thermal Comfort
The main environmental factors affecting thermal comfort are as follows:
Air temperature
Radiation
Air velocity and air movement
Humidity
Energy performance
The form and shape can provide the design to reduce energy.
8. Ventilation Strategies
Main issues in designing the ventilation:
The exposure provided by the site
Function of ventilation in cooling the building
Types of ventilation:
-Natural ventilation:
-Mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning
Purpose:
Reduce the penetration of noise.
The use of filters to remove pollutants.
REASONS FOR JUSTIFYING THE INSTALATION OF AIR-CONDITIONING:
Design flexibility
Constant air quality through temperature and humidity control
Thermal comfort in high pollution density
PROBLEMS WITH DESIGNING AIR CONDITIONING:
Air-conditioning is related to health problems between environmental cause and health effect.
Lack of control of microclimate control the environment.
Large temperature differences between inside and outside can cause thermal stress and lack of com
9. Cool pool design
Advantages Issues
Create dampness, condensation and low
levels of ventilation
Occurrence of condensation
The energy cost is reduced Heat gain are from two sources
Reduction of cooling load
Provision of natural ventilation
Localized cooling:
It is actually used to provide comfort for small groups or
individuals.it is known as the use of ceiling fans as a way to
provide cooling and a common form of low energy system
used to provide cooling through air movement.
The management of the building is an important as the design
synthesis of the form and planning of the building if an integrated
solution to the problem of comfort in air-conditioned buildings is
to be achieved.
10. Chapter 4: Building Structure
structure responds to the conditions of climate through the effects of the environmental factors.
The following strategies are examined in warm climate buildings:
the timber frame and diaphragm
light steel frames
skeletal frames
the cantilevered column
shade structures
Wind forces
An examination of many trees reveals the way this plants respond to the forces of wind, so the
response to site conditions is to either use a pile system or pad and raft.
Wind characteristics
Speed and movement are important aspects of wind that shape the design of buildings.
Design wind speed and return periods
Establishing the design wind speed is related to the following steps:
-selection of a return period for high wind frequencies
-determination of a basic standard wind speed corresponding to the selection of a return period
-modification of the standard speed to account for site specific conditions that will affect the
structure of the building.
11. Effects of wind forces on structural elements
There are three main effects of wind loads, which contribute to the failure of the building. these are:
Racking, is the rotation of elements in the building.
Overturning. The whole building rotates.
Uplift. The uplift and pull-out forces on walls.
Light steel framing
Modern improvements have been made by reducing the plan depth and by making buildings a single
room depth to allow cross ventilation and providing openings in the walls and the roof to for airflow.
Through:
lightweight steel post and beam
knee brace at the joint
Cantilevered columns
the use of cantilevered columns provides spatial transparency in two directions and the
structural capacity of the foundation and column is increased.
Shade structures
The use of shade structure is an increasing structural type in warm climates.
These types of structure require careful design of the form of the structure and fabric.
12. Chapter 5: The Building Process
The method of building should reflect the climate and location of the project through the building
process.
Material classification
Building systems for climate can classified with regard to the density of materials and method of
fabrication.
Traditional ways of building
The connection between building system, climate and culture should be examined further with
some analysis of the rationale for the particular construction system.
For example the rise office called the Hill House
has been designed to achieve economic
efficiency as well as appropriate climatic
design. A concrete frame is used throughout the
building. Flat slabs were used where possible
which minimizes the floor-to-ceiling height, thus
reducing overall height of the building.
The cladding provides improved thermal
performance and water resistance.
13. Prefabrication of the primary steel frame and detailing of frame
Site interface
Disturbance to vegetation with large-scale site works can have anecological impact which is
not easily regenerated.
Early completion of frame and roof
Completion of cladding and fit-out
Appropriate technology
Where technology is used then it should be used in an appropriate manner which serves the
needs of addressing the physical laws of nature.
14. Chapter 6: The Roof
Definition
The roof design of buildings is a complex
problem of attempting to provide a form of
enclosure that resists the forces of nature.
The defensive element
The roof is consisting of three elements: first, the
roof surface facing the sky, second a structural
system, finally a ceiling system.
Roof dominant
versus wall
dominant, the
designer’s choice
Skillion, duo-pitch and vaults
These roof are for domestic buildings, they
can be used with or without a ceiling.
The parasol roof of Our
Lady of the Assumption,
Newcastle,.
Attic
Space found directly below the pitched roof
of a house or other buildings
Thermal dynamic in an attic roof;
back radiation from through roof
surface heats the attic air.
In summer, It is important
that the internal spaces are
well ventilated otherwise
the insulation can trap heat
at night. In winter, loss from
the in internal spaces is
reduced
Low inclination and trafficable
roofs
These types of roof are to facilitate
pedestrian traffic
Low inclination solid roof strategies:
Left: water pond
Middle: water spray
15. Shading roofs, surface-diffusers and surface
reflectors
In the roof-roof house by
Ken Yeang, concrete blades
are used to form a shade
over a concrete deck area.
A fiberglass shading roof over a
south facing semi-enclosed
courtyard, Brisbane, Queensland.
Use of light diffusing of membranes
to shade roof at Kingfisher Bay
Resort, Island.
Roof accessories
Habitat home, hyper roof used for
shading and to collect water and
distribute to different sides of the building
Gutter and rainwater
design The mapleton house, Richard
Leplastier: the water
collection system uses a
monopitch roof linked to a
large gutter, this discharge to
a collection tank, filtered and
then by gravity into a holding
Glen Murcutt, Museum, 1990:
box gutter system are used to
join pavilion, these have a large
width and depth and are open-
ended to accept large peak flows
thus avoiding blockage and
flooding.
16. Chapter 7: The External Wall
The design of wall elements must regulate with the climatic forces of rain, sun and wind.
In warm climate heat is rejected while light and air are admitted provided the air can cool, and
the light can diffuse.
In cool climate light and heat are reserved while air is not required for cooling.
The flexible element:
External walls are the most complex elements to design because of the
number of relationships that require consideration. A useful concept for
defining the external wall is to think of it as the flexible element.
It is possible to examine the wall not as a single defensive layer but as a
series of layers or zones, for convenience called the climatic responsive
zones.
Climate responsive Zoning
The external wall or building skin is the line of enclosure, from the line of enclosure
different zones can be found which affect the climate response of the building. These
zones extend inwards and outwards from the line of enclosure. The inward zones
comprise the main active and passive zones.
Opening in roof extend the passive zone, through the provision of light and ventilation.
Façade of the Federal Law Courts, Brisbane
17. Thin skins
used to prevent heat gain.
Opaque elements: The wall works primarily to resist heat gain
The use of glass has become due to their shading efficiency. The type of glass commonly used:
-heat absorbing.
-heat reflecting.
Environmental effects of thin skins:
The environmental conditions inside a building are both internal air temperatures and radiant heat
gains from the outside.
-air temperature
-rate of air movement
-radiation effects
Inclined and oriented skins:
Inclined walls promote ventilation and reduce sky glare in roof mezzanines.
18. Chapter 8: Floors and internal
walls
The objective for the designer is to position interior elements such as floors and
walls for maximum climatic effect.
An important factor is the relationship of floors to ground. The earth temperature
has an effect on the floor mostly those adjacent or connected to it.
Suspending the floor above the ground disconnects the floor from ground, heat is
still lost by ventilation.
The positioning element:
Materials are different in temperature. Stone, concrete, and ceramic feels cooler
to the touch than timber.
Ground-connected buildings:
This relationship occurs both within and
outside the building.
The use of a timber deck on the ground
plane reduces temperature around the
building
The Clare House at Buderim, Northern Queensland
uses a series of timber ground decks for the
entrance and to the northern side of the building.
19. Thermal Mass:
Floor can act as thermal sinks by Increasing the floor thickness and
density to absorb or remove heat from the thermal regime .
Floors and walls as heat sinks:
The element absorbs or lose heat when there is a temperature
gradient between the element and the surrounding air.
Floors as thermal diaphragms:
Floors that do not have thermal mass respond differently to temperature swings in the
building.
Perforated floors:
it allows the building to become a permeable
structure with ventilation through the floor.
Integrated floors and ceilings:
The distance between floors has a bearing on
the overall construction cost, the ventilation to
the floor and admittance o f daylight.
20. Chapter 9: The Veranda
The veranda was initially used in the Egyptian times. Its main climatic function was
to catch the cool breeze and to provide a position to a view or landscape.
Balconies, Bays And Decks
Balconies
Balconies are smaller and less enclosed spaces than
verandas. They’re usually uncovered spaces located in
upper floor adjacent to a window or door.
Decks
Decks are larger in size than the veranda and without a
roof. It doesn’t offer protection from sun and rain. . It
maximizes the access of the breeze, cooling the people
using it.
Bays
Bays are more enclosed spaces than the veranda. The
use of bays is an integration of the veranda into the
building.
Breezeway Veranda
A breezeway is a space lined up to catch prevailing
wind directions. Its normally an open passage through
a building or between buildings
21. Veranda Houses:
A veranda house is an advanced version of the shade
veranda.
external room and the sleep-out
The external room is when the veranda is separated
from the house and is integrated with the landscape
22. chapter 10: COURTYARDS
The main concern has become to provide natural light and ventilation and give comfort to the users.
Courtyard Types
There are three types of courtyards
full enclosed courtyards
It’s usually used in a deep plan terraced type buildings to
provide light and ventilation.
Semi Open Courtyards:
These kind of courtyards differ from the proceeding types in
the amount of enclosure
Semi enclosed courtyards:
These courtyards are formed from the interlocking of
buildings or by the addition of walls to provide privacy and
shade and enclose open spaces. Many houses are found in
French quarter of subtropical New Orleans.
Re entrant spaces
Light shafts
light shaft are glazed small apertures in a roof for the
admittance of natural light , and are useful in providing
natural light to spaces in a deep plan building .
Air Wells:
The air well is placed in the back third of the building to
provide ventilation to the kitchen, bathroom and bedrooms.
The roof section is left open to admit ventilation.
23. Chimneys
Chimneys are used as vertical and horizontal ducts for exhausting hot air and enhance air
movement.
Air shaft in buildings used to provide ventilation. A fan is usually attached to the shaft to
enhance efficiency by inducing air movement.
Re-entrant spaces enables increased light and
ventilation to habitable and service spaces. It’s
usually used in warm climates.