الوثيقة تتعلق بإدارة المخازن وتطوير المهارات المتعلقة بذلك. تتناول الموضوعات الرئيسية مثل التخطيط والتنظيم والتوظيف والتوجيه والرقابة. يستهدف البرنامج الفئات المعنية بإدارة المخازن وتقديم تقنيات حديثة في هذا المجال.
What is aCode?
A code in qualitative inquiry is most often a word or short phrase that symbolically
assigns a summative, salient, essence-capturing, and/or evocative attribute
for a portion of language-based or visual data. The data can consist of interview
transcriptase, participant observation Field notes, journal, documents, littérature,
artifacts, photographs, video, websites, e-mail correspondence, and
so on. The portion of data to be coded during First Cycle coding processes
can range in magnitude from a single word to a full sentence to an entire
page of text to a stream of moving images. In Second Cycle coding
processes, the portions coded can be the exact same units, longer passages of
text, and even a reconfiguration of the codes themselves developed thus far.
Just as a title represents and captures a book or film or poem’s primary content
and essence, so does a code represent and capture a datum’s primary
content and essence.
“Beware of the Dog.”
رمزية قصيرة عبارة أو كلمة األحيان معظم في هو
وحروف ارقام أو ارقام عدة او رقم او عالمة أو رسمة او
السمة تحمل
البارزة
القائمة البيانات من لجزء
تعتمد
أو اللغة على
العالمات
البصرية
.
مادة على تدل
،األدب ،وثائق ،مجلة ،
جرا وهلم ،اإللكتروني البريد والمراسالت ،والمواقع ،والفيديو ،والصور ،التحف
.
األولى دورة الترميز عمليات أثناء مشفرة لتكون البيانات من جزء
واحدة كلمة من حجمها في تتراوح أن يمكن
الجوهر او المحتوى على تدل مرسومة صورة ااو
.
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
الورق
#20 C PAP(PCB) Cardboard
#21 PAP Other paper
Mixed
paper magazines,
mail
#22 PAP Paper
#23 PBD (PPB) Paperboard
Greeting
cards, frozen
food boxes, book
covers
المعادن
#40 FE Steel
#41 ALU Aluminium
مرفق الملف
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
Is the processby which companies acquire raw
materials, component, products, services, and
other resources from supplier to execute their
operation.
Definition of Term:
Procurement is the process of identifying and obtaining
goods and services. It includes sourcing, purchasing and
covers all activities from identifying potential suppliers through
to delivery from supplier to the users or beneficiary;
Purchasing is the specific function associated with the actual
buying of goods and services from suppliers;
Sourcing is simply: “Identifying and working with appropriate
suppliers”.
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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368.
The primary goalsof purchasing are:
1. Ensure uninterrupted flows of raw materials at the
lowest total cost,
2. Improve quality of the finished goods produced, and
3. Optimize customer satisfaction.
Purchasing contributes to these objectives by:
Actively seeking better materials and reliable suppliers,
Work closely with strategic suppliers to improve quality
materials, and
Involving suppliers and purchasing personnel in new
product design and development efforts.
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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369.
7 R’s ofProcurement
1.Right Price
2.Right Quantity
3.Right Quality
4.Right Time
5.Right Place
6.Right Source
7.Right Service
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370.
THE GOAL OFPROCUREMENT
Is to carry out activities related to
procurement in such a way that the goods
and services, so procured are of the right
quality, from the right source, are at the
right cost and can be delivered in the right
quantities, to the right place, at the right
time.
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
371.
Procurement Chain
Write
Specifications
TOR andSOW
Evaluate Offers
Prepare
Solicitation
Documents
Seek, Clarify
and Close
Offers
Award Contract
Manage the
Contract
Choose a
Procurement
Method
Identify Needs
Negotiate the
Contract
Evaluate the
Procurement
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
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ICF Control Points
Createdin
ATLAS by
requestor of
goods and
services
• Activities
financed within
mandate
• Requisition is
appropriate
• In those
cases whereby
the PM is
positioned
outside UNDP
clearance of
the request by
the Programme
Officer prior to
the creation of
the PO might
be added to the
process
• Review
documentation
to ensure
compliance with
guidelines
• Agency/
government
authorized
• Best value for
money
• Any other
reason that
would bar
approval of PO
• Approves PO
in ATLAS (signs
hard copy if
need be)
• Authority
delegated by
CPO or sub-
delegated by RR
to approve
PO/Contract
• Checks for
duplicate
invoices
• GRN checked
• PO has been
issued
• Any other
reason that
would bar
payment
Project Manager
(First Authority)
• Project
managers are
responsible for
verifying
satisfactory
receipt of
goods/services
• Two options
1. PM
documents
receipt on
invoice, Finance
enters data in
Atlas
2. PM enters
receipt in Atlas
Finance
Buyer Approving Manager
(Second Authority)
Project Manager
(First Authority)
Employee
• Requisition is
approved.
• Compliance
with applicable
guidelines
• Does
sourcing based
on REQ
• Prepares the
PO/Contract
Requisition
creation
Requisition
approval inside
of ATLAS
Purchase order
creation
Purchase
order
approval
Receipt of
goods/services
AP
Voucher
Disbursement
• Approve
pending
disbursements
•Oversees
exception
reports
(matching
exceptions)
Finance Officer
(Third Authority)
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
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374.
Requisition Process Flow
Requisitioncreation:
- In UNDP any Atlas user can
create an approved
requisition. Therefore, the
documentation of the project
manager’s approval must
take place outside Atlas. This
documentation could take
different forms depending on
the circumstances – for
example, the procurement
plan attached to the project
document or a signed copy of
the purchase requisition.
Budget check:
- In UNDP, commitment
control is implemented
in the PO level. Hence
although a pre-
encumbrance is created
once the budget check is
performed, the actual
budget line will not be
impacted.
Buyers receives duly
approved and budget
checked requisition
through workflow and
proceeds with the
procurement activities.
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
375.
PO Process Flow
POcreation:
-
Once all procurement and
contracting process are completed in
accordance with UNDP regulations
and rules buyers will then create a
PO in Atlas.
-
Enter AM profile information for
procurement of goods
-
If the vendor does not already exist
in the system, users would have to
enter the vendor information and
submit for approval before creating
a PO
PO approval:
- once the PO is
completed, it would
be routed for the
budget owner’s
approval
Budget check:
- once the PO is
approved by the
budget owner, Buyer
would need to
perform budget
check to create
encumbrance in the
system before
dispatching to
vendor.
Dispatch PO
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
376.
Payment Process Flow
Receiptcreation:
-
Once the goods or
services is received, the
requisitioner will then
create a receipt in the
system.
-
Asset Creation:
-
Once the receipt is
created back ground
processes will then pick
up any transaction which
has an AM profile and
bring it over to the AM
module.
Matching:
-
The matching process is
scheduled and performed
automatically in the backend.
-
The matching process validates
information between PO, receipt
and voucher.
Voucher creation:
- Once an invoice is
received, the finance
users will then create
a voucher to process
the payment
Budget check:
-
In UNDP no
additional approval is
need for PO-vouchers.
-
Users need to
perform budget
checks to liquidate the
encumbrance and
create an expense in
the commitment
control.
Payment
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
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377.
Specifications for Goods:
•Functional Specification: What?
• Performance Specification: How much?
• Reference to product standards
• Inspection and testing: Pre-shipment testing
• Incidental Services: Supervision during
installation, Training, Operation Manual
• Final Acceptance: Criteria for final acceptance
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378.
Terms of Reference(TOR)
• TOR may be compared to technical specifications for the
purchase of goods or works.
• Areas to be covered are:
• Objective: What is the anticipated result of services.
• Background: What is the history of assignment. Any
constraints.
• Scope of Work: What is the consultant expected to do?
Degree of details. Are there any specific decision points during
the performance of work?
• Purchases: Are any hardware requirements connected with
the assignment? When should such deliveries to the client be
made and on what terms?
• Reports: How and when will the report be presented?
• Contributions: What is the client going to provide in the way
of facilities, professional support and physical facilities?
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
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379.
Specifications for CivilWorks:
• Introduction: General Description
• Scope of Works: List of activities to be performed.
• Time Schedule: Starting date and completion date
• Detailed Design and Drawing:
• Bill of Quantity: Estimated quantity of each item
• Site investigation report: Soil conditions, Ground Conditions.
• Specifications and Standards: Set of instructions
• Inspection and Testing: Specification of tests.
• Commissioning: Final Inspection.
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
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380.
Tips on writingan effective SOW
•
Be clear-use simple, direct language.
•
Use active, not passive tenses ( The seller shall conduct
the test as opposed to a test should be conducted---,
language is the dress of thoughts)
•
Spell the buyer’s obligation carefully
•
Provide a ceiling on the extent of services
•
Identify all constraints and limitations
•
Include standards that will make performance
measurement possible and meaningful
•
In case of goods, focus should be in providing functional
and performance specifications
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
381.
Supply Market Analysis
•This is technique used to identify market characteristics for
specific goods and services that assist in planning.
• It assists the unit to understand as to how the market
operates and where it is heading.
• Is advertising for information good enough?
• Market Structure: How many suppliers? How are they
geographically placed?
• Horizontal and vertical integration.
• Monopoly (cartel like), Oligopoly (2-10), monopolistic
competition and perfect competition.
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
382.
Quality Assurance Systems
•Quality System Standards.
• Product Certification Programme
• Industry Association standards.
• Professional Association Accredidation
• GMP, GDP
• CE/ISO/DIN/BS/ASTM
• Building Code of Construction
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
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383.
Engaging and ManagingConsultants
• Consultant may be individual or an organization to provide
expert advise.
• Characteristics of a Consultant:
– Engagement for a fixed period at agreed rate
– Does not require day to day supervision.
• Consultancy services, operational consultants-professional or
non-professional services
• When a consultant is not a consultant?
• Steps: Identify the need, what is required from them? Select
the consultant, Engage and manage the consultant, evaluate
the result and record and report
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
384.
Procurement Accountability:
• Definition:The accountability in procurement means
that staff is responsible for actions and decisions
that they take in relation to procurement and for the
resulting outcomes. The staff is accountable through
established lines of accountability.
• How does accountability help? The accountability
encourages the efficient, effective and ethical use of
the organizational resources. This is the main
watchword for UNDP procurement process.
• Fundamental elements of Accountability:
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
385.
Accountability:
– Procurement Policy:
–Documentation: It is important and provides record of
procurement activities. This need to be strengthened.
– Disclosure: Annual procurement plan must be published to
provide confidence.
– Notification: The revised procurement plan calls for
publishing all major procurement notices and award of the
contract. This is being followed to a limited scale.
– Dealing with complaints: The procurement protest
procedures
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
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386.
Why focus onEthics?
• Increased business volume=>higher pressure
• Added Scrutiny (Due to recent cases of
misconduct)
• A breach of ethics affects credibility, which is
difficult to recuperate.
• Impropriety can harm the reputation of the
organization
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
387.
Definition of Ethics
•Ethics is the discipline related to the issue of
right and wrong, moral duty and obligation,
moral principles and values, and to moral
character.
• Ethics: Greek word “ethos’…implies character
and customary behaviour.
• Morality: Latin word “mores’…refers to social
customs.
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
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388.
Common Ethical Risks
•Conflict of interest
• Fraud
• Corruption
• Coercion
• Collusion
– Ethics encourages responsible conduct, while compliance
prevent misconduct.
– Ethics is self imposed while compliance is externally
imposed
– Ethics is personal responsibility while moral compliance is
legally driven
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
389.
Procurement Ethics:
• Conflictof interest: A conflict of interest may exist when a staff is involved
in an activity or has a personal interest that might interfere the objectivity
in performing the function. (Code to guide relationship) It can arise:
– When an staff takes outside employment or has financial interest
– When personal relationship with staff of other business entity could
influence the decision.
• Gifts and Gratuities:
– May not accept gifts or gratuities from any supplier for themselves or
for their family
– May not take advantage of their position to seek discounts on
procurement for personal use. This is construed as a gratuity
– May accept advertising novelties.
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
390.
Procurement Ethics:
• Integrity:
–Open and effective competition
– Environmental sustainability
• Ethics vs. Compliance ( Ethics encourages responsible conduct
and compliance prevent misconduct; Ethics is self imposed)
• Code of conduct (Established in the new CAP User Guidelines)
• Ethical belief is a personal choice, however ethical conduct
can be mandated by an organization.
• Ethics are moral boundary or values within we work
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
391.
Procurement Ethics:
• Integrity:
–Open and effective competition
– Environmental sustainability
• Ethics vs. Compliance ( Ethics encourages responsible conduct
and compliance prevent misconduct; Ethics is self imposed)
• Code of conduct (Established in the new CAP User Guidelines)
• Ethical belief is a personal choice, however ethical conduct
can be mandated by an organization.
• Ethics are moral boundary or values within we work
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
392.
Fraud vs. Corruption
•Fraud is defined as “dishonestly obtaining a benefit
by deception or other means” and includes both
tangible and intangible benefits.
• Fraud means the intentional , false representation or
concealment of facts for the purpose of inducing
another.
• Corruption means the practice of offering, giving,
receiving directly or indirectly of value to influence
the action of procurement staff.
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
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393.
Process Definitions andFunctions
• The purchasing process is an interacting
structure of people, equipment, methods, and
controls that is designed to accomplish the
following primary functions:
1. Handle the repetitive work routines of the
purchasing department and the receiving
department
2. Support the decision needs of those who
manage the purchasing and receiving
departments
3. Assist in the preparation of internal and external
reports
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
394.
Internal Perspective ofPurchasing
Process
1. Purchase requisition
sent from inventory
control department to
purchasing department
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
395.
Internal Perspective ofPurchasing
Process
2. Purchase
requisitions from
various other
departments sent to
purchasing department
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محمد
إمام
396.
Internal Perspective ofPurchasing
Process
3. Purchase order sent
to vendor
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
397.
Internal Perspective ofPurchasing
Process
4. Purchase order
notification sent to
various other
departments or to
inventory management
process
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
398.
Internal Perspective ofPurchasing
Process
5. Purchase order
notification sent to
receiving department
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
399.
Internal Perspective ofPurchasing
Process
6. Purchase order
notification sent to
accounts payable
process
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
400.
Internal Perspective ofPurchasing
Process
7. Good and services
received from vendor
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
401.
Internal Perspective ofPurchasing
Process
8. Receiving
notification sent to
accounts payable and
general ledger
processes
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام
402.
Internal Perspective ofPurchasing
Process
9. Receiving
notification sent to
purchasing department
د للمستودعات الحديثة األدارة
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محمد
إمام