slide shsre ppt on role play..

1. METHODS OF
TEACHING

3. INTRODUCTION
 Workshop is the name given a novel
(Refreshing, New) experiment in
Education.
 It consist of series of meetings ,
usually four or more , with emphasis of
individual work within the group with
the help of Consultants and Resource
Personnel’s.

4. DEFINITION
 Acc. To L Ramachandran , The Workshop is
a meeting of people to work together in a
small group upon problems which are of
concern to them and relevant to them in their
own sphere of activity and to find suitable
solution.
 Acc. To Lorreta :Workshop refers to a group
of individuals who work together toward the
solution of problems in a given subject matter
field during a specific period of time.

5. PURPOSES OF WORKSHOP
 To put teacher in situations that will
breakdown the barrier between them to
facilitate communication.
 To give teacher an opportunity to work
on the problems that are current , direct
concern to them.
 To place teacher in a position of
responsibility for their own learning.
 To put teacher in a situation where they
will evaluate their own efforts.
 To give teacher an opportunity to
improve their own morale.

6. PRINCIPLES OF WORKSHOP
 Workshop should focus on the current
issues in the profession to be discussed.
 Workshop should be conducted with full
co-operation .
 Giving the participants an active role
which will make teaching more effective.
 Every individual has worth , and has a
contribution to make the common goals

7. STAGES OF CONDUCTING
WORKSHOP
FIRST
STAGE
SECOND
STAGE
THIRD STAGE FOURTH
STAGE
 Registration
 Inauguration
 Preliminary
introductory
session
 Pre Test
 Break
 Presentation
of the theme
of providing
Awareness;-
 Formation of the
group
 Assignment
Series and
practical
exercise
 Guidance And
Supervision
 Clarifying
Session
 Group
Discussion
 Presentatio
n
 Evaluation
 Open
Suggestion
 Expert
Suggestion
 Validation
 Letter of
Thanks
 Report on
Workshop
 Part of
participants
 Follow up

8. ADVANTAGES OF WORKSHOP
 Used to realize the higher cognitive and
Psychomotor objectives.
 Used for Developing and Understanding new
practices in Education.
 Used for Improving professional efficiency. Eg.
Nursing , Medical , Dental etc...
 Develop feeling of cooperation and group work.
 New practices and Innovation are introduced to In-
Service teachers.
 Provides the situation to study the vocational
problems.

9. LIMITATIONS OF WORKSHOP
IN Service teachers may not take interest to
understand and use the new practices in their
classroom.
Workshop cannot be organized to large
number of groups.
Teachers may not take interest in practical
work.
Effectiveness of a workshop technique
depends on the follow up program .
Generally follow up programs are not
organized in workshop technique

11. INTRODUCTION
 Project Method is used for the production
of materials in agriculture and clinical
education.
 In agriculture it is used in production of
some crops and In Nursing Education it is
used in making models in isolation units and
solving some patients problems.

12. DEFINITION
 According to STEVENSON,` A project
is a problematic act carried to
completion in its natural settings.’
 According to DR. WILLIAM,` A project
is a whole hearted purposeful act
completed in a natural settings.’

13. CHARACTERISTICS OF
SELECTING PROJECT ;-
It should be problematic in nature.
It should be purposeful.
It should be planned and Directed by
student.
It should be practicable in nature.
It should be evaluated objectively.

14. CRITERIA FOR SELECTING
PROJECT ;-
Selected topic should have educational
value.
It should not take overtime.
It should be selected according to the will
of the student.
We should consider the cost and
availability of materials.

15. ADVANTAGES OF PROJECT
METHOD
It maintains the interest of the
students.
Keeps the students on freedom of
thoughts and action while doing the
work.
It provides more creativity
,constructive thinking of students.

16. DISADVANTAGES OF PROJECT
METHOD;-
Misconception of the term project.
Wrong selection of topic.
Over consumption of topic.
Costly and Non available.
May not be completed in time.
Chances of subject matter
overlapping.

18. INTRODUCTION OF ROLE
PLAY;-
 Role Play is a discussion technique
that makes it possible to get maximum
participation of a group through acting
out an example of some problem or
idea under discussion.
 The term Role playing, socio drama,
are frequently used interchangeably

19. DEFINITION OF ROLE PLAY
 Role play is a teaching strategy that
fits within the social family of models.
(or)
 Role play is an experiential learning
technique with learners acting out roles
in case scenarios to provide targeted
practice and feedback to train skills.

20. PURPOSES OF ROLE PLAY;-
To convey information.
To provide Awareness about Social and
Psychological issues.
To develop specific skills.
To develop understanding point of view of
others.
Make a problem seems real to a group.

21. PRINCIPLES OF ROLE PLAY
 Should be based on realistic and life related
problem situation rather than through hearing
about such situation from others.
 Based on the philosophy that meanings are
in people, not in words or symbols.
 Role play is flexible.
 Should be stimulant to thinking.
 Role play should be rehearsed to produce an
effective outcome and on the audience to
help players interpret their roles.
 Should be Brief.
 Analysis and Evaluation are essential to
attain the maximum learning benefits.

22. TYPES OF ROLE PLAY
TYPES
OF
ROLE PLAY
MULTIPL
E
ROLE
PLAY
SINGLE
ROLE
PLAY
ROLE
ROTATION
SPONTANEO
US
ROLE PLAY

23. I. MULTIPLE ROLE PLAY;- In this type of
role play , all trainees are in group acting
out the role simultaneously .

24. 2. SINGLE ROLE PLAY ;- One group of
participants acts out the various roles for the
rest providing demonstrations of the
situation.

25. 3. ROLE ROTATION ;- It starts as a single
role play .After the interaction of participants
, the trainer will stop the role play and
discuss what happened so far.
4. SPONTANEOUS ROLE PLAY;- In this
kind of role play , one of the trainees plays
herself while other trainees play people with
whom the first participants interacted before.

26. ADVANTAGES OF ROLE
PLAY;-
 It adds variety , reality, and specificity to
the learning experience.
 It helps to develop problem solving and
verbal expression of skills in students.
 It enables brainstorming and team
building.
 It encourages hands on training.
 It enables learners to experiment in a safe

27. DISADVANTAGES OF ROLE
PLAY ;-
 Requires experts guidance and leadership.
 Sometimes participants may feel threatened.
 Can be time consuming.
 Limited to small groups.
 Can be embarrassing for students who lack
acting skills.
 Effective only when learners have adequate
knowledge and skills to perform what is
requested.

29. INTRODUCTION;-
 Programme instruction is a new
innovation which is the result of the
experimental study of learning process
in psychological laboratory. It is self
teaching technique for acquiring for
factual learning.

30. DEFINITION OF PROGRAMME
INSTRUCTION
 Programme instruction is a planned
sequence of experiences, leading to
proficiency, in terms of stimulus –response
relationship that have proven to be effective.
(or)
 Programme instruction is a method of
designing a reproducible sequence of
instructional events to produce a
measurable consistent effect on behaviour
of each and every acceptable student.

31. TYPES OF PROGRAMME
INSTRUCTION
1.
• LINEAR (or) EXTRINSIC STYLE PROGRAMMING
2.
• BRANCHING( OR )INTRINSIC STYLE ;-
3.
• COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTIONS
4.
• MATHEMATIC PROGRAMMING

32. (A). LINEAR or EXTRINSIC
STYLE PROGRAMMING ;-
 It is based strictly upon learning theory
of conditioning . The primary objective is
to bring the behaviour of the learner
under the control of variety of stimuli
through the use of easy step .
 It is also called straight line
programme as the learner starts from
his initial behaviour following a straight
line.

33. Advantages of linear
programming ;-
Learners are exposed to small
amounts of information and proceed
from one frame or one item of
information to the next in an orderly
fashion.
 Learners are informed immediately
about whether or not their response is
correct.
Learners proceed at their own place.

34. Disadvantages of linear
programming;-
Lack of motivation.
Serial order learning.
No freedom of choice.
Used in limited areas

35. (B) .BRANCHING( OR
)INTRINSIC STYLE ;-
 It was developed by Norman A. Croweder’s
(1960).
 It usually involves a multiple choice format .
After the learner has been presented a
certain amount of information and they are
given Multiple choice questions.
 If they answer CORRECTLY , they branch to
next body of information . If they answer
INCORRECTLY , they are directed to
additional information , depending upon the
mistake they make.

36. ADVANTAGES OF
BRANCHING STYLE
1.Enables students to work at his own
place.
2.Helps to develop high efficiency.
3.Facilitates Self evaluation.
4.Student is actively involved.
5.Lead to high availability.

37. DISADVATAGES OF
BRANCHING STYLE;-
1.GUESSING ;- The learner may give the
correct response without understanding
the subject matter of frame.
2.COST ;- The cost of preparation is high.
Audio visual equipment needed is very
costly.
3.DISCIPLINE;- The programme is unable
to control the students.
4.There is no guarantee that the pupil has
learned everything the programme is
intended to teach.

38. C. )COMPUTER ASSISTED
INSTRUCTIONS ;
It is used to impart formal and informal
education at all levels and in all areas.
It facilitates instant access to information
with infinite patience , accuracy.
It mechanizes human brain and human
beings are converted into machines

39. D). MATHEMATIC
PROGRAMMING ;-
 According to Thomas F Gilbert
(1962) Mathematic means Learn . It is
the systematic applications of
reinforcement theory to analysis and
construction of complex behaviour.

40. PRINCIPLES OF MATHEMATIC
PROGRAMMING;-
 Principle of chaining:- The chain of
stimulus and response is helpful in
developing the mastery of extent and
determines its structure. The chain is
formed by arranging stimuli and
responses .
 Principle of Discrimination:- It is
generated by providing different stimuli
that have different responses. Every
stimuli and responses are independent
to each other.

41. STEPS INVOLVED IN
MATHEMATIC
PROGRAMMING;-
Data collection and task analysis
content subtopics elements.
Prescription of developing master of
content.
Characteristics and lesson plan.
Exercise plan.

42. ADVANTAGES OF
MATHEMATIC PROGRAMMING
;-
 Helps in teaching complex chain to
human learner.
 It is appropriate for learning which
requires physical activity.
 Suitable to all age groups.
 Useful for students learning which
requires physical activity.
 Useful for teachers to deal with the
teaching problems of various types of
situation.

43. DISADVANTAGES OF
MATHEMATICAL
PROGRAMMING
 Can be used only to limited school
subjects.
 It does not provide freedom to the
learner.
 Every learner has to follow same path
of learning.
 There is greater difficulty in
constructing the response.
 It cannot be used for higher cognitive
and affective learning objectives.

44. PHASES OF PROGRAMMED
INSTRUCTION
1.
• PREPARATORY PHASE
2.
• WRITING PHASE
3.
• VALIDIATION PHASE

45. A.)Preparatory phase
 Viewing the programme on any topic.
 Deciding to prepare a programme.
 Selecting a topic.
 Preparing a content outline.
 Specification of objectives in behavioural terms
 Preparation of pre test.
 Terminal behaviour expected performance of the
learner at the end of the course.
 Preparation of Post test.

46. B.)Writing phase ;- It
involves
Present a material in frames.
Active Responding.
Confirmation of responses
Judicious use of prompts and prime.
Careful sequencing of frames.
Selection of par diagram of
programme.

47. C.) Validation phase ;- It
involves
Tryout and revision
Individual Tryout
Small group tryout
Master validation
Editing , Reviewing , Revising , Modifying the
program for final preparation based on the
fruits of tryout.
Program writing

48. APPLICATION OF
PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION
IN EDUCATION
Enrichment of curriculum
Reduce the percentage of failures in
maths and science.
Helps to improve agricultural practices
for agriculturist.
Helps to improve sanitary habits of
public.
Modification of deviant behaviour.
Helps in vocational training and
psychotherapy training .

50. Today I have discussed about ;-
 METHODS OF TEACHING ;-
WORKSHOP
Introduction
Definition
Purposes
Principles
Stages
Advantages
Disadvantages

51. PROJECT METHOD ;-
Introduction
Definition
Characteristics
Criteria for selecting project
Advantages
Disadvantages
ROLE PLAY;-
Introduction
Definition
Purposes

52. Principles of role play
Types
Advantages / disadvantages
PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION;-
Introduction
Definition
Types
Phases
Applications

54. Q1. Which style of programmed
instruction involves multiple
choice question format ?
a) Extrinsic style
b) Intrinsic style
c) CAI
d) Mathematic programme

55.  B.) INTRINSIC STYLE

56. Q2. Workshop is organized for ;-
a) 2 days
b) 20 days
c) 3-10 days
d) 1 day

57.  C.) 3-10 days

58. Q3. IN-Service teachers may take interest
to understand and use the new practices in
their classroom? TRUE / FALSE

59.  FALSE

60. Q4. Main motive of Role play is
entertainment ? TRUE / FALSE

61. FALSE

62. Q5. Reinforcement theory application is
used in
a) Linear programming
b) Intrinsic programming
c) Mathematical programming
d) All of the above

63.  C.) MATHEMATICAL
PROGRAMMING

64. Q6. Mathematical programming was
started in;-
a) 1999
b) 1956
c) 1962
d) 1979

65. C.) 1962

66. Q7. Preview of next day of workshop is
given in ________ stage.

67. 2nd STAGE

68. Q8. Main purpose of role play is ;-
a) Provide awareness
b) Convey information
c) Make problem seems real
d) All of the Above

69. D.) All of the above

70. Q9. Pretest is conducted in ;-
a) 2nd stage
b) 3rd stage
c) 1st stage
d) 4th stage

71.  C.) First stage

72. Q10. Mathematical program was give by
;-
a) Robert Koch
b) Thomas F Gilbert
c) Robert hook
d) None of the above

73. B.) THOMAS F. GILBERT

74. ANSWER KEY
1.) B
2.) C
3.) FALSE
4.) FALSE
5.) C
6.) C
7.) 2ND STAGE
8.) D
9.) C
10.) B

75. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 SodhiJaspreet’s ,‘’Comprehensive
Textbook of Nursing Education ,’’ 1st
edition , Jay pee Brothers Medical
Publisher , Page no.89-113.
 Sharma Dinesh,`` A textbook of
Communication and Education
Technology , 1st edition Lotus
publisher, page no.204,180-183, 192-
195.