Securely storing large amounts of information over relatively short timescales of 100 years, comparable to the span of the human memory, is a challenging problem. Conventional optical data storage technology used in CDs and DVDs has reached capacities of hundreds of gigabits per square inch, but its lifetime is limited to a decade. DNA based data storage can hold hundreds of terabytes per gram, but the durability is limited. The major challenge is the lack of appropriate combination of storage technology and medium possessing the advantages of both high capacity and long lifetime. The recording and retrieval of the digital data with a nearly unlimited lifetime was implemented by femtosecond laser nanostructuring of fused quartz. The storage allows unprecedented properties including hundreds of terabytes per disc data capacity, thermal stability up to 1000 °C, and virtually unlimited lifetime at room temperature opening a new era of eternal data archiving

1. Presented By
Name : NARAYAN RAO
USN : 1DS1S3IS054
Department of ISE, DSCE
1
Under The Guidance Of
CHANDRAKALA B M
Assistant Professor
Dept. of ISE, DSCE
A Seminar Presentation On
“Eternal 5D data storage by ultrafast laser writing in glass”

2. ABSTRACT
Securely storing large amounts of information over relatively short timescales
of 100 years, comparable to the span of the human memory, is a challenging
problem. Conventional optical data storage technology used in CDs and DVDs
has reached capacities of hundreds of gigabits per square inch, but its lifetime
is limited to a decade. DNA based data storage can hold hundreds of terabytes
per gram, but the durability is limited. The major challenge is the lack of
appropriate combination of storage technology and medium possessing the
advantages of both high capacity and long lifetime. The recording and retrieval
of the digital data with a nearly unlimited lifetime was implemented by
femtosecond laser nanostructuring of fused quartz. The storage allows
unprecedented properties including hundreds of terabytes per disc data
capacity, thermal stability up to 1000 °C, and virtually unlimited lifetime at
room temperature opening a new era of eternal data archiving.
Department of ISE, DSCE 2

3. • Introduction
• Literature Survey
• System Architecture / Overview
• Methodology
• Results and Performance Evaluation
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Conclusion
• References
Department of ISE, DSCE 3
CONTENTS

4. INTRODUCTION
• The evolution of information storage during the history of mankind
involves four distinct eras: painted information, carved information,
scripted information and digitalized information.
• Through the 20th century, one of the main innovations for data storage
came about with the invention of optical discs CDs, DVDs, Blu-rays.
• The International Data Corporation investigated that total capacity of
data stored is increasing by around 60% each year. As a result, more
than 39,000 Exabyte of data will be generated by 2020.
• In order to further expand the potential optical data storage capacity, a
volumetric approach was suggested, known as 3D optical memory,
where data can be stored in multiple layers making use of the whole
volume of the material.
4Department of ISE, DSCE

5. • Magnetic Tape
Drawback : Accessibility and portability problems.
• Optical Disks (CD ,DVD , Blu-ray)
Drawback : Sustainability ,less storage space , delicate and they require
special drive to read and write.
• Hard Disk Drive(HDD)
Drawback : Higher power Consumption and not durable.
• Solid State Drive(SSD)
Drawback: Shorter lifespan ,high cost and limited storage capacity.
Department of ISE, DSCE 5
LITERATURE SURVEY

6. Comparison of various existing systems
Department of ISE, DSCE 6

7. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE / OVERVIEW
• The high capacity data storage is achieved by ultra fast writing into the
quartz glass using Femto second laser.
• Based on this behaviour, we have developed a method of data storage
that makes use of three spatial and two optical dimensions.
• The five dimensions are:
1. Length
2. Width
3. Depth
4. Slow axis orientation
5. Strength of retardance
Department of ISE, DSCE 7
Optical dimensions
Spatial dimensions

8. Department of ISE, DSCE 8

9. Three modules have been proposed. They are,
• Data recording.
• Data Readout.
• Rewriting of data.
Data Recording:
• Data recording experiments were performed using femtosecond laser
system.
• In the recording procedure, groups of birefringent dots were
simultaneously imprinted at the designated depth .Each group,
containing from 1 to 100 dots.
• By using the adapted GSW algorithm, several discrete levels of intensity
could be achieved .
Department of ISE, DSCE 9
METHODOLOGY

10. Department of ISE, DSCE 10
•A group of beams with different intensity levels were projected by the first
Fourier lens (FL 1) onto the half-wave plate matrix (HPM).
•In the HPM the concept of slow axis orientation is achieved by different
polarization of incident beam.
•The excess energy is blocked by an aperture (AP) placed after the half-wave
plate matrix (HPM) and does not affect data recording.

11. Department of ISE, DSCE 11

12. Data Readout:
• The readout of the recorded information encoded in nanostructured glass
was performed with a quantitative birefringence measurement system.
• From a halogen lamp was circularly polarized and filtered with a bandpass
filter at 546 nm.
• After being transmitted through the layers containing information, the
state of polarization was characterized with a universal liquid crystal
analyzer.
Department of ISE, DSCE 12

13. Data rewriting:
• The 5D optical data based on nanogratings can be also erased and
rewritten, which are two important features when considering data
storage.
• The initial nanogratings can be replaced with new ones whose direction is
dependent on the incident rewrite laser beam.
Department of ISE, DSCE 13

14. RESULTS AND PERFORMANCE
• The data was successfully recorded across three layers a digital copy of a
310 KB file in PDF format , with error rate of 0.36%.(42bits out of
11664bits).
Department of ISE, DSCE 14
.

15. Department of ISE, DSCE 15
• Assuming the scaling in Figure holds at room temperature (303 K) the
decay time of nanogratings is 3⋅1020 ±1 years.
•. Even at elevated temperatures of T = 462 K, the extrapolated decay time is
comparable with the age of the Universe – 13.8 billion years.

16. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:
• As we can see that this data storage technology has immensely high
storage capacity up to 360 terabytes on a standard sized quartz disc.
Hence it has high data storage advantage over pre-existing system.
• It shows thermal stability up to 1,000°C.
• The quartz based data storage technology supports Decoupling and
multiplexing of data that is it stores the data in various number of layers
into the nanostructured glass. Decoupling property is supported by storing
two different data in a single layer with slow axis of orientation.
• It shows virtually unlimited
lifetime at room temperature
(13.8 billion years at 190°C )
opening a new era of eternal
data archiving
Department of ISE, DSCE 16

17. Department of ISE, DSCE 17
Disadvantages
• The major disadvantage of this technology is it does not fulfil the
requirement of high speed data writing(encoding) when compared to
existing systems. Hence it is best suited for data archiving for internet,
library etc.
• The Cost of the system is comparatively higher as it requires separate
writing and reading technologies.

18. CONCLUSION
• The recording of a digital document into a highly stable memory is a vital
process towards an eternal archiving.
• Although digital data storage techniques are capable of storing huge
amounts of information, the lifetime is limited to decades.
• We believe that the eternal 5D optical data storage in glass can be
produced on a commercial scale for organizations, such as national
archives, museums, libraries or any private companies.
Department of ISE, DSCE 18

19. 19
REFERENCES
1. Eternal 5D data storage by ultrafast laser writing in glass J. Zhang, A. Čerkauskaitė, R. Drevinskas, A. Patel,
M. Beresna, and P.G. Kazansky Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
2. Podlipensky, A., Abdolvand, A., Seifert, G., Graener, H., “Femtosecond laser assisted production of
dichroitic3D structures in composite glass containing Ag nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. A 80(8), 1647–1652 (2004).
3. Hnatovsky, C., Shvedov, V., Krolikowski, W., Rode, A., “Revealing Local Field Structure of Focused
Ultrashort Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 106(12), 123901, American Physical Society (2011).
4. Shimotsuma, Y., Sakakura, M., Kazansky, P. G., Beresna, M., Qiu, J., Miura, K., Hirao, K., “Ultrafast
manipulation of self-assembled form birefringence in glass,” Adv. Mater. 22, 4039–4043 (2010).
5. Zhang, J., Gecevičius, M., Beresna, M., Kazansky, P. G., “Seemingly unlimited lifetime data storage in
nanostructured glass,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014).
6. Kazansky, P. G., Inouye, H., Mitsuyu, T., Miura, K., Qiu, J., Hirao, K., Starrost, F., “Anomalous Anisotropic
Light Scattering in Ge-Doped Silica Glass,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2199 (1999).
7. Shimotsuma, Y., Kazansky, P. G., Qiu, J., Hirao, K., “Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by
Ultrashort Light Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(24), 247405 (2003).
8. Lancry, M., Poumellec, B., Canning, J., Cook, K., Poulin, J. C., Brisset, F., “Ultrafast nanoporous silica
formation driven by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Laser Photonics Rev. 7(6), 953–962 (2013).
9. Watanabe, T., Shiozawa, M., Tatsu, E., Kimura, S., Umeda, M., Mine, T., Shimotsuma, Y., Sakakura, M.,
Nakabayashi, M., et al., “A driveless read system for permanently recorded data in fused silica,” Jpn. J. Appl.
Phys. 52 (2013).
10. Gecevičius, M., Beresna, M., Kazansky, P. G., “Polarization sensitive camera by femtosecond laser
nanostructuring,” Opt. Lett. 38(20), 4096–4099 (2013).
11. "Research gate,"< https://www.researchgate.net>.
12. "SPIE,"< https://spie.org/>.

20. THANK YOU
ANY QUESTIONS ?