Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) allow users to control devices using only their brain signals without requiring physical movement. The first BCI was created in 1964 by Dr. Grey Walter who connected electrodes to a patient's motor areas, allowing them to control a projector without movement. A typical BCI system consists of an electrode cap, cables to transmit signals to an amplifier, and a computer to process the data and control applications. BCIs aim to provide assistive devices for people with disabilities like ALS that prevent physical movement by providing a direct interface from the brain to a computer.

1. Brain Computer
Interfaces
Group B
Owayne Warsop
Adam McCurry
Odane Smith
Tyler Rosado
Thomas Smith

2. Introduction
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What is BCI?- Brain Computer Interfaces is a game that
the user controls using brain signals.
The 1st BCI was by Dr. Grey Walter in 1964. He
connected electrodes directly to the motor areas of a
patient’s brain. He witnessed his patient control a
projector without movement.
Any natural form of communication or control requires
peripheral nerves and muscles.

3. Introduction
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The process begins with the user’s intent. This intent
triggers a complex process in which certain brain areas
are activated, and hence signals are sent via the
peripheral nervous system (specifically, the motor
pathways) to the corresponding muscles, which in turn
perform the movement necessary for the communication
or control task.
The activity resulting from this process is often called
motor output or efferent output.

4. Introduction

So, a BCI is an artificial output channel, a direct interface
from the brain to a computer or machine, which can
accept voluntary commands directly from the brain
without requiring physical movements.

5. Disabilities
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One of the most important reasons that this is significant
is that current BCI systems aim to provide assistive
devices for people with severe disabilities that can
render people unable to perform physical movements.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease that BCI
can benefit.

6. Disabilities

7. Brain Games Setup

A typical EEG based BCI consists of an electrode cap
with electrodes, cables that transmit the signals from the
electrodes to the biosignal amplifier, a device that
converts the brain signals from analog to digital format,
and a computer that processes the data as well as
controls and often even runs the BCI application.

8. Brain Game Setup

9. Brain Game Setup

10. BCI Components
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A BCI must have four components.
It must record activity directly from the brain (invasively
or non-invasively).
It must provide feedback to the user, and must do so in
real-time.
Finally, the system must rely on intentional control. That
is, the user must choose to perform a mental task
whenever s/he wants to accomplish a goal with the BCI.

11. Hand Games Setup

12. Comparison

Brain Games vs. Hand Games
Head sensor controller
Hand controller
Memory of specific
physical movements
controls game mentally
Buttons on a physical
controller controls game
Thinking is the way you
control the game
Your brain is challenged
no matter what type of
game you play
Not much thought is put in
to playing hand games
Once you have learned a
game there is no challenge
for your brain

13. Playing the game
Difficulty
 Mobility
 Accuracy
 Is it fun
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14. Future
What’s the future in gaming
 How can they make BCI better
 Less equipment
 More games
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15. CONCLUSION
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BCI

16. Works Cited
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G. Dornhege, J.D.R. Millan, T. Hinterberger, D.J.
McFarland, K. Müller, and T.J. Sejnowski, Toward BrainComputer Interfacing, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA,
(2007).
B.Z. Allison, D.J. McFarland, G. Schalk, S.D. Zheng,
M.M. Jackson, and J.R. Wolpaw, Towards an
independent brain-computer interface using steady state
visual evoked potentials. Clin Neurophysiol, 119, Feb.,
399–408, (2008).